the landscape approach - land governance– causes land related conflicts – violation of rights of...

LANDac 2015 - Landscape session - Johan Meijer

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The Landscape approach

Mapping competing claims in West Kalimantan, Indonesia

LANDac 2015 - Landscape session - Johan Meijer

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Content

• Concept

• West Kalimantan case

• Findings

LANDac 2015 - Landscape session - Johan Meijer 3

PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency An autonomous research institute within the Dutch government

Focus on strategic policy analysis in the fields of the environment, nature and spatial planning.

Department of Nature and Rural Areas

Related publications:

www.pbl.nl

So what’s new about this Landscape Approach? Vertical integration:

– Translating global goals and issues to local landscapes

– New stakeholders: global supply chains can link (remote) Dutch consumers and companies to local farmers and labourers

Horizontal integration:

– Combining objectives on livelihood, economic development and conservation

– Thinking beyond farm level, expanding the results from certification

– Providing insights on who benefits from ecosystem services

– Include a role for public goods like biodiversity

The aim: design shared solutions for all objectives and stakeholders


People, planet and profit objectives


The landscape… The scale for landscape approaches is determined by an issue that is

commonly acknowledged by different stakeholders in a certain area.

Examples:

– Sierra de Piura, Peru (Cafédirect): small area, innovative stakeholder and financing.

– Kagera (Burundi, Rwanda, Tanzania, Uganda): large multi-country landscape


Optimizing land use planning? Giller et al. 2008: The analysis of competing claims on natural resources: an iterative

cycle of stakeholder negotiated research phases (NE-DEED)


Applied to the landscape of West Kalimantan, Indonesia…

Compromises and negotiations… It’s not always win-win

Case study on West Kalimantan - intro Indonesian province on the island of Borneo

Area: 147,000 km2; Population: 5 million.

Spatial planning decentralised to province/districts (14)

Large scale deforestation, accelerated since 2000

Conversion of peat forests/swamps

Cause: conversion to oil palm plantations

Production of palm oil has provided incomes and economic growth

But also:

– Causes land related conflicts

– Violation of rights of indigenous population

– Degradation of biodiversity and ecosystem services, not a sustainable pathway.


Case study on West Kalimantan - intro (2) Based on info derived from a Dec/2013 PBL-CBD workshop

Focused on making palm oil production more sustainable

Participatory scenario development including various stakeholders

Assessment of impacts on biodiversity (www.globio.info)


Case study on West Kalimantan - intro (3) The aim now, following the NE-DEED framework:

– Describe: broaden the scope to involve all stakeholders in the landscape

– Explain: gain insights in their spatial claims and the balance between the objectives of the sustainability domains: People, Planet and Profit

– Explore: review the scenario results from the PBL-CBD workshop

– Design: what options for stakeholders?


Spatial claim of stakeholders People:

– Claim for local food production

– Claim for indigenous land rights

Planet:

– Claim conservation (protection forest & protected areas)

– Claim climate (peatlands)

Profit:

– Claim palm oil production (plantations, concessions, suitable area)

– Claim forestry activities (current and concessions)

– Claim mining activities (current and concessions)

– Claim potential for tourism (Oran Utang habitat range and promoted areas)

Source data documented in paper and online.


Landscape opportunity map

http://geoservice.pbl.nl/website/WestKalimantan


Results Total claim: 665,556 km2 is 4.5 times West Kalimantan

- Empower stakeholders in

Planet and People domain.

- Find synergies in overlapping

spatial claims


How to achieve the inclusive Green Growth scenario


From a Planet perspective:

How to achieve the inclusive Green Growth scenario Overlapping claims on oil palm concession areas:


Findings Mapping of all stakeholder interests is a requirement in order to support spatial

planning and achieve the described Green Growth scenario

Participatory land use planning and formalising of indigenous rights on land to support (local) government spatial planning, thereby improving the position of People-stakeholders

Improve coherence between governmental agencies (agriculture & forestry), also in support of the Indonesian OneMap policy

Monitor and evaluate the use of FPIC and PLUP in RSPO and REDD+ processes a role

for government and NGO’s


Discussion

The landscape approach aims to design shared solutions for all objectives and stakeholders, but it’s not always a win-win outcome. Are all stakeholders willing to make compromises?

How to make a business case for the most challenging landscapes? Are governments responsible?

How to convince (more) businesses to put long term inclusive sustainable landscape development above short term economic gain (footloose character, moving from West Kalimantan to West Papua).


the landscape approach - land governance– causes land related conflicts – violation of rights of...

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