The Land Bridge Story- Early people crossed a bridge of land from Asia to North America.

Other TheoriesWhy – recent discoveriesWhy many Native Americans believe - their people have always lived in the Americas

Early Ways of LifeHow Ways of Life Changed – from hunting animals to farming and settling in one placeWhy Ways of Life Changed – because climate became warmer and drier, and giant animals died out

The Olmec and the MayaThe Olmec CivilizationAchievements – strong trade system, systems of writing and counting, caledarThe Mayan Civilization – Culture- influenced by Olmec traditions, writing and counting system, social classes, and build stone cities

Other CivilizationsWho – Mound Builders Who – Ancient PuebloansWhat they built – large earth mounds What their houses were like –

many levels, built against canyon walls or in caves

A cultural map is a map that shows different groups who live in a place and what they have in common.

A cultural region is an area in which people share some ways of life. Same climate and landforms Same animals and vegetation

Eastern Woodlands

“Look and listen for the welfare of the whole people and have always in view not only the present but also coming generations…”

from the Iroquois Constitution

How do these words show that the Iroquois were concerned about not just themselves, but also people in the future?

Lived on the Interior Plains between the Mississippi River and the Rocky Mountains

Buffalo = main source of food for Plains Native Americans

Uses of the buffalo Food Clothing/Moccasins Tools Shelter Utensils

Ways To Use the Buffalo

People of the Central Plains (Iowa, Missouri, Sioux, etc.) Lived in the Central Plains or the eastern

parts of the Plains Hunters and gatherers and farmers Lived in lodges (home to several families)

People of the Great Plains (Cheyenne, Kiowa, Crow, etc.) Lived in the Great Plains or western part of

the Plains Moved from place to place to follow herds

of buffalo (NO FARMING) Lived in tepees (homes that could move)

Government Different tribes in the Plains had different

governments No one person was more important than

another Traditions and Religious Beliefs

Shared traditions and beliefs Ceremonies – corn harvest, buffalo hunts,

Sun Dance, etc.

Pueblo People Hopi – present-day Arizona Zuni – present-day New Mexico Groups in the region are called the Pueblo

peoples. Lived on mesas or the sides of steep canyons

Houses = pueblos Grew staple crops – corn, beans, and squash Stored surplus water

Four Corners Nomads

Pueblo houses (pueblos) Used stones and mud Adobe – sun-dried bricks of clay and straw Villages – close together

Navajo houses (hogans) Cone-shaped wooden shelter covered in

mud or adobe Villages – far apart

Held special ceremonies Medicine people – religious leaders and

healers Religious leaders were usually chiefs.

Shoshone Great Basin Hunters

Nez Perce Columbia Plateau Fishermen

Chumash Southern California Fishermen Traders Canoe builders

Trade networks Helped to get goods from far away without traveling far

Northwest Coast or Pacific Northwest Stretches from the Pacific Ocean to the

mountains in the east Includes Oregon, Washington, and western

Canada

Kwakiutl, Makah, and Chinook Fishing, hunting, and gathering Salmon = staple food Whales – important resource

Food Fat for oil lamps

Family Shelters Longhouses – bigger than the Iroquois Clans – included extended families and

made decisions Wood

Dishes, utensils, spoons, etc. Totem poles – tell a story or welcome visitors or traders

Chinook = best-known traders of the Northwest

Dalles Center of trade network Language barrier Bartered

A Potlatch Celebration Shows wealth

Arctic – near the North Pole Aleut and Inuit

Hunted foxes, caribou, and polar bears Hunted seals, walruses, and whales Limited resources – used everything Igloos

Eastern Canada to Alaska Cree

Hunting and gathering Used bows and arrows