The Laboring Self: Industrial Psychology and Work

ID: Grand Hysteria• A term designating an complex form of hysteria as put

forth by the French neurologist Jean-Martin Charcot, at the Salpetriere hospital in the 1880s. There were 4 distinct phases or stages that an hysteric would go through, including: tonic rigidity, clownism or dramatic movements, passionate states, and delirium. Charcot emphasized the physical and visual aspects of the disorder, documenting these phases with photography, a scientific and clinical tool in the asylum. The significance of this term was that it stressed the physical aspects of hysteria, and generated debate as to the interaction of suggestion and pathology. Other Comments regarding Significance:

• Broad influence of Charcot in 1880s (trained Freud)• Debates over responsibility in hysteria (Bompard case)• Linked religious and pathological views in his

assessment of hysteria• Could replicate stages with hypnosis—connected

hypnosis with pathology

Walter Dill Scott (1869-1955)

Psychology of Advertising (1908)

RepetitionIntensity

AssociationIngenuity

Wrong Associations:Women buy shoes, but

don’t buy bonds

Symmetry as a pleasing aspect of an advertisement

Walter Dill Scott, Psychology of Advertising, 1908

Use of Suggestion:Doctor’s Recommendation

Use of Sympathy

Dill Scott, 1908

Frederick Winslow Taylor (1856-1915)

(1911)

Time-Studies

Crucible steel shop owned and operated by Bethlehem Steel

Woman Working in Arsenal FactoryWatertown, MA during war time

Arsenal Factory circa 1960s

Frank and Lilian Gilbreth

Time-Motion Studies

Motion Study of Bricklaying 1909

Traditional method New more efficient method,designed to reduce motions

Gilbreth, Motion Study, 1911

Time and Motion Studies

L.M. Gilbreth, The Psychology of Management (1914)

Gilbreth family: Cheaper by the Dozen

The Gilbreth Family (12 children)

The GilbrethManagement Desk

Exhibited at ChicagoWorld Fair, 1933

Model kitchen Lillian Gilbreth designed to save the modern homemaker time and wasted motion (1929)

Mosso’s Ergograph (to measure muscle fatigue) 1884

Emil Kraepelin (German psychiatrist and psychologist) “principle of smallest muscle”

from: Psychology Pictures/Archives of Dutch Psychology

Hugo Münsterberg (1863-1917)

Psychology and Industrial Efficiency

(1913)

“Psychotechnics”

Hawthorne Experiments relay assembly testroom

from, Ballantyne, P.F. (2000) Hawthorne Research. Readers Guide to the Social Science London: Fitzroy Dearborn.

Management and the Worker (1939)

helped to usher in the post WWII

discipline of I/0 psychology: industrial/organizational psychology.