the kingdom is announced. the connection between jesus and the church ekklesia proclaiming the...
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The Kingdom is announced
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The connection between Jesus and the Church
Ekklesia
Proclaiming the kingdom
Apostolic communities
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When did the Church begin to exist?
Did Jesus intend to found a Church?
Did the Church remain faithful to Jesus’ intentions?
- even in the earliest days?
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There is no connection between Jesus and the subsequent Church
The Church was laid down in the NT in every dimension
(Mt 16:18; 18:18)
The majority view: that the ecclesiology of the NT has developed
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An assembly in the Greek world A legislative assembly Participants were those with full citizen
rights;
‘Qahal’ remained in use until the issue of Gentile membership then the word Ekklesia was used
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Similar to the Hebrew QAHAL
Always refers to a concrete community◦ Eg ‘the church in Corinth’
Occasionally to the whole ‘people of God’
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2 in Synoptics; John doesn’t use the term ekklesia or have a concern for structure or authority as Matt does
20 in Revelation
23 times in Acts
65 times in Paul◦ A clear rising profile!
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Signifies the local church
Paul uses the plural form too –the worldwide assembly of Christians
But may be a small house community too (Rom 16:5; Phil 2)
All congregations ‘gathered in the name of Jesus Christ’
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‘Founding ‘ as in laying the foundations for.. Appointed the 12 apostles: continuity with OT Healing - a sign of the Kingdom Membership is divisive Not just for Jews – Gentiles also**pre/post
resurrection The primacy of Peter The Eucharist Leadership as service
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Did not inaugurate the church - already existed (Acts 1:15-22)
Was the point when the church was specifically endowed with power from on high
(Acts 2:1-12)
The outpouring of the Spirit and the gifts of the Spirit were accepted
The Spirit is the firstfruits of the final Kingdom (1 Thess 4:8; 1 Peter 1:2; Heb 6:4)
A community transformed by the presence of the Spirit
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Not uniform or monolithic The local church is not just a sub-division of
the universal church The universal church is not just the sum of
the constituent parts The Corinthian church: ‘the church of God
which is in Corinth’ The church universal ‘the fullness of him
who fills the universe in all its parts’ Eph1:22/3
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As we have seen:
A 3 stage process: - Original words and deeds of Jesus How these were used in the oral tradition How this tradition came to be written down
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Mtt 16:18 Mtt 18: 17/8
Meaning given by Jesus? Meaning given by first apostles? Meaning given by first communities? Meaning given by NT authors?
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The idea of ‘church’ is seen to develop through various stages
Interpretation of each stage is a delicate and subtle matter
Diversity of ecclesiological approaches within the NT
And also within modern day theologians
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He never addressed himself to a select group But to the whole people of Israel;
to sinners;
Post-resurrection, to everyone
The call of the 12 represented / symbolised the call of the 12 tribes of Israel
The wider group of disciples was given a mission to Israel as a whole
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No specific rule of life
Membership is not a condition of salvation
In fact salvation is gained by obedience to the Father’s will (Mt 7: 21)
And this may be done without explicit awareness (Mt 25: 31-46)
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The community of disciples stayed together as a Eucharistic community (1 Cor 11: 17-27)
The community understood that they were meant to stay together (Lk 22: 29-30)
So in a sense, the church never ‘began’ – there was always a community
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Jesus gathered disciples: -
They took part in his healing ministry The message was divisive Jesus anticipated a gap between his death
and the Parousia and that Israel would reject the call to salvation
And pagans would be invited instead (Mt 8: 10-12)
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Theology which deals with the ‘last things’ - Resurrection; hell; the last judgement; heaven
Realised – here and now
Future – to come
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Realised Eschatology – something has been fulfilled in the here and now◦ Lk 4: today this scripture has been fulfilled in your
hearing....◦ Mk 1: 1-15 the kingdom of God has come near...
Future Eschatology – something remains to be fulfilled◦ Mk 13:22:We cannot predict the day or the hour
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Basileia tou theou The realisation of God’s reign of justice and
right - a dynamic concept The nearness of God’s rule
◦ ‘Just round the corner’
Parables which describe ‘the kingdom’
Signs of the Kingdom – Lk 7:22 Mtt 11: 5 Lk 4: 16-24
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Of growth
Of judgement
Of forgiveness
Of commitment
Of urgency
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Take one parable and think about its meaning.
What does it tell you about the Kingdom?
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No specific rule of life indicated Nor is membership a condition of salvation
Mtt 7:21 – the one who does the will of my father in heaven
Often done without explicit awareness – ‘as often as you did it for one of the least of my brothers you did it for me (Mtt 25:31-46)
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Does membership of the church equal acceptance in the Kingdom of God?
No guarantee False prophets Mt 7:22-23
All evil doers will be cast out Mt 13:38-43
People who do not belong will be acknowledged by the Lord as brothers and sisters Mt 25: 31-46
The final test is a just life – parable of the wedding garment Mt 22:11-13
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No uniform order or structure Some order and structure: these shape the
life of the church Whole congregation involved in important
decisions (Acts 15; 1 Cor 5)
Leadership in place; derived from the Lord; Bishops & Deacons
Hierarchical: (1 Cor 12:27/8)
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Charismatic ministries :prophets & teachers Administrative ministries No opposition – all gifts and charisms of the
Holy Spirit Ministry is for the sake of service, never
domination Pre-eminence of the petrine ministry – not
contested
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Acts 2: 43-47
Acts 4 : 32-35
Acts 5: 12-16
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Healing and miracles Evangelised Sharing of goods (the widows debate)
A rich prayer life - both Jewish and Christian Meetings – synagogue and homes Breaking of bread on Sunday
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Faith in Jesus as Messiah and Lord Prayer - home and Synagogue Baptism Eucharist Apostles preaching and teaching Communities based on love Expectation of the Kingdom
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The care of widows: Acts 6 : 1-6
The Great Debate Acts 15 : 1-31
The resolution is still normative for the Church
Acts 15: 28
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1 Cor 1: 10-17 14: 26-33 11: 17-22 14: 34 et seq
2 Cor 11: 5 11: 12
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Diakonos service (Didache) Authority ‘has seen the Lord’ Presbyteroi Tit 1: 5; Peter 5: 1; James 5: 14 Elders 1 Tim 5: 17-19 Episkopos / Episkopoi: overseers Didache (Dead Sea Scrolls / Essenes) (Acts 20: 28)
Widows !!!
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Many members, one body A variety of gifts but always the same Spirit
1Cor 12:12 - 30
Conflict resolution in Corinth
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The Pastorals Colossians and Ephesians Luke/Acts
Not clear where these audiences were Or if they knew one another Acts devotes a lot of space to Paul but
doesn’t mention Pauline letters Eph/Col draws heavily on Paul’s writings - Why the difference?
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Eph: 2: 11-22 A peaceful resolution between Jew and
Gentile
But -
Acts 28: 25-29 The Jews will never hear or understand the
Gospel message
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The Pastorals: 1 Tim 3: 1-13;
Strong insistence of the author on church structure and the necessity of appointing church officials
Not present in Luke/Acts or Col/Eph which both have different emphases
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AD 70 + Post -apostolic / early church writings: Didache (?50-60) Clement of Rome -1st Ep to Corinth (96?) Ignatius of Antioch (98-117) The Epistle to Diognetus (120-180)
When were people (some people?) aware of the NT writings? Do we know?