The Italian The Italian Renaissance: ArtRenaissance: Art

Medieval Painting: Medieval Painting: Major StylesMajor Styles

Byzantine (iconography)Byzantine (iconography) Portrayed people as stiff and Portrayed people as stiff and

expressionless, with blank eyesexpressionless, with blank eyes Flat, two dimensional figures – Flat, two dimensional figures –

unrealisticunrealistic Human body was considered sinful; it Human body was considered sinful; it

had to be covered at all timeshad to be covered at all times Focus wasn’t on the individual but Focus wasn’t on the individual but

rather the celebration of God’rather the celebration of God’ Illuminated ManuscriptsIlluminated Manuscripts

Book where text is supplemented by Book where text is supplemented by addition of decoration (initial letters, addition of decoration (initial letters, borders, etc)borders, etc)

Style was based on animal imagery, Style was based on animal imagery, combined with an intricate interlacing combined with an intricate interlacing of geometric linesof geometric lines

Created and drawn by monks, priestsCreated and drawn by monks, priests

Illuminated Bible page (closeup)

St. Francis’Rule Approved

Giotto

1288-92?

Tempera (egg yolk mixed with pigment) on wood and ground gold.

Questions

Glowing head?

Realistic?

Depth perception?

Medieval Art: Religious Themes

The Epiphany

Giotto

1320

Tempera on wood and ground gold.

Questions

Glowing head?

Depth?

Medieval Art: Religious Themes

The Crucifixion

Giotto (1305)

Tempera on wood andground gold.

Questions

Realism?

Glowing heads?

Depth?

Medieval Art: Religious Themes

Characteristics of Italian Characteristics of Italian Renaissance ArtRenaissance Art

1. Bright colors & oil paints1. Bright colors & oil paints 2. Concentrated on realism2. Concentrated on realism

Natural poses were life-like, Natural poses were life-like, realistic – like the GREEKS!!!realistic – like the GREEKS!!!

Showed personality & emotionShowed personality & emotion

Expulsion fromExpulsion fromthe Gardenthe GardenMasaccioMasaccio14271427First nudes sinceFirst nudes sinceclassical timesclassical times

3. Perspective

(Della Pittura – Alberti)

• • Use of Use of perspectiveperspective

•• Shadowing Shadowing created created illusion of illusion of depthdepth•• Made Made distant items distant items smallersmaller

The Dead Christ, Andre Mantegna (1501)

PerspectivPerspective!e!

PerspectivPerspective!e!

Betrothal Betrothal of the of the Virgin Virgin

RaphaelRaphael

15041504

Compare & Contrast Perspective

4. Classicism4. Classicism

Greco-Roman influence.

Secularism & Humanism.

Individualism free standing figures.

Symmetry/Balance

The The “Classical Pose”“Classical Pose”Medici “Venus” (1c)Medici “Venus” (1c)

5. Emphasis on 5. Emphasis on IndividualismIndividualism Batista Sforza & Federico de Montefeltre: Batista Sforza & Federico de Montefeltre:

The Duke & Duchess of UrbinoThe Duke & Duchess of Urbino

Piero della Francesca, 1465-1466.Piero della Francesca, 1465-1466.

6. Geometrical 6. Geometrical Arrangement of Arrangement of

FiguresFigures The Dreyfus The Dreyfus Madonna Madonna with the with the PomegranatPomegranatee

Leonardo da Leonardo da VinciVinci

14691469

The figure as The figure as architecture!architecture!

Raphael’sRaphael’s Canagiani Madonna, Canagiani Madonna, 15071507

Where was the Renaissance taking place?

Lorenzo Lorenzo the Magnificentthe Magnificent

1478 - 15211478 - 1521

Cosimo de Cosimo de MediciMedici

1517 - 15741517 - 1574

Adoration of the MagiWhole Medici family in picture

Botticelli on far right looking at viewers

Florence Under the Florence Under the MediciMedici

Medici ChapelMedici ChapelThe Medici PalaceThe Medici Palace

Filippo BrunelleschiFilippo Brunelleschi1377 - 14361377 - 1436

ArchitectArchitect

Hired to design the Hired to design the dome of St. Mariadome of St. Mariadel Fiore (cathedral)del Fiore (cathedral)

Filippo BrunelleschiFilippo Brunelleschi Before starting, he Before starting, he

travelled around travelled around Italy for inspirationItaly for inspiration

Used the ancient Used the ancient Romans’ Romans’ architectural architectural conceptsconcepts He studied the He studied the

ancient Pantheon in ancient Pantheon in RomeRome

Used ribs to Used ribs to support domesupport dome

Brunelleschi – ArchitectBrunelleschi – Architect

Built lightweight innerBuilt lightweight innerdome, then exterior domedome, then exterior domeof wind resistant materialof wind resistant material

Dimensions: 137 feet acrossDimensions: 137 feet acrossWeight: 40,785 tons containingWeight: 40,785 tons containingover four million bricksover four million bricksTime to construct: 16 yearsTime to construct: 16 years

Brunelleschi’s Brunelleschi’s DomeDome

Dome Dome ComparisonsComparisons

Il DuomoIl Duomo St. Peter’s St. Paul’sSt. Peter’s St. Paul’s US Capitol US Capitol (Florence)(Florence) (Rome) (Rome) (London)(London) (Washington)(Washington)

Renaissance Religious Renaissance Religious ThemesThemes

Madonna and Child

Madonna and Child, Fra Filippo Lippi 1406-1469Emotion of face -she looks like a real mother - tired, worn down

School of Athens - Raphael

AristotleAristotle::pointing to pointing to

thetheearth [theearth [thehere andhere and

now].now].

PlatoPlato::pointing to pointing to

thetheheavens [or heavens [or

the IDEALthe IDEALrealm].realm].

The School of Athens The School of Athens – – Raphael, detailsRaphael, details

Michelangelo

Details, School of AthensRaphael

\\Euclid-

Features of Bramante

Socrates

Details, School of Athens

School of Athens-School of Athens-RaphaelRaphael Plato and Aristotle on either side of center Plato and Aristotle on either side of center

axisaxis Plato points skyward to indicate his Plato points skyward to indicate his

idealistic worldviewidealistic worldview Aristotle gestures to ground to show his Aristotle gestures to ground to show his

concern with the real worldconcern with the real world Metaphysical philosophers on Plato’s sideMetaphysical philosophers on Plato’s side Physical scientists on Aristotle’s sidePhysical scientists on Aristotle’s side Raphael on extreme rightRaphael on extreme right Figures grouped and placed on purposeFigures grouped and placed on purpose

Leonardo da Leonardo da VinciVinci ““Study of Hands”Study of Hands”

“Study of the Gradations of shadows”

“Self portrait”

http://www.bl.uk/collections/treasures/leonardo/leonardo_narrowband.htm?middle

Helicopter

Parachute“Vitruvian Man”

Notebook page(written backwards!)

Leonardo, the Scientist Leonardo, the Scientist (Biology):(Biology):Pages from his Pages from his

NotebookNotebook An example of An example of

the humanist the humanist desire to desire to unlock the unlock the secrets of secrets of nature.nature.

Leonardo, the Scientist Leonardo, the Scientist (Anatomy): (Anatomy):

from his from his NotebookNotebook

Leonardo, the Leonardo, the Inventor:Inventor:

Pages from his Pages from his NotebookNotebook

Machine gun

Tank

Helicopter

Mona LisaLisa di Antonio Maria Gherandini“Mona” - Italian version of ‘Madonna’ or ‘my lady’

A Macaroni MonaA Macaroni Mona

Mona LisaMona Lisa – da Vinci, – da Vinci, 1503-41503-4

A Picasso MonaA Picasso Mona

An Andy Warhol MonaAn Andy Warhol Mona

Mona LisaMona Lisa OROR da da Vinci??Vinci??

Original Now

The Last Supper

What original might have looked like

horizontal

vert

ical

PerspectivPerspective!e!

The Last Supper The Last Supper - da - da Vinci, 1498Vinci, 1498

A Da Vinci “Code”:A Da Vinci “Code”:St. John St. John oror Mary Magdalene? Mary Magdalene?

Michelangelo

The Pieta

David

15c15c

16c16c

WhatWhat

aa

differencedifference

aa

centurycentury

makes!makes!

The Sistine Chapel

The Sistine Chapel The Sistine Chapel DetailsDetails

The The Creation Creation

of the of the HeavensHeavens

The Sistine Chapel The Sistine Chapel DetailsDetails

Creation of ManCreation of Man

The Sistine Chapel The Sistine Chapel DetailsDetails

The Last JudgmentThe Last Judgment

The End