the israeli-arab conflict background both sides have historical roots in palestine zionists- people...
TRANSCRIPT
Background
• Both sides have historical roots in Palestine
• Zionists- people that favored a Jewish homeland in Palestine. Began to settle in the late 19th and early 20th century.
• The Palestinian Mandate- League of Nations asked Britain to oversee Palestine until it is ready for independence.
Balfour Declaration 1917
• Promise of a national Jewish homeland
• No prejudice against the civil or religious rights of non-Jewish people in Palestine
• Very confusing language
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Indecision
• Britain turns the decision over to the U.N
• U.N. decides to to divided Palestine into two separate states- Jewish, Palestinian (1947).
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Arabs reject the U.N. proposal
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Not fair to give so much land to the minority of the population
The Birth of Israel
• U.S. and other European nations feel sympathy for the Jews- Holocaust
• May 14, 1948- formation of independent Israel
• David Ben Gurion
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Conflict Begins• May 15, 1948- Syria, Jordan,
Lebanon, Egypt, Iraq, and Saudi Arabia invade Israel
• Israel wins (U.S. support)- increases its size
• Egypt takes the Gaza Strip, Jordan takes the West Bank
• Palestinians flee to refugee camps. UN Resolution 194- Palestinians return home and be compensated. Never fulfilled
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Suez Crisis of 1956
• Egyptian President Nasser ordered the seizure of the Suez Canal in 1956
• Britain, France, and Israel conduct a joint military attack against Egypt
• US and USSR condemn the attack, all forces withdraw from Egypt by March of 1957
• Nasser becomes a Pan-Arab hero, Israel viewed as an agent for Western aggression
June/Six Day War
• Nasser, equipped with Soviet supplies, convinces Arab allies that they are ready to confront Israel (Bluff?)
• May, 1967: Arabs invade Sinai and block Israeli shipping
• Israel unleashes massive air attack (June 5th)• Defeats Arab enemies in six days (June 11th)-
Occupies Golan Heights• Nasser Humiliated
October War of 1973
• Oct. 1973- Egyptian President Anwar Sadat plans a joint Arab attack on Israel during Yom Kippur- a Jewish holy day
• Successful- recapture some territory lost in 1967• Golda Meir, Israeli Prime Minister, orders
counter attack• Ariel Sharon led Israeli attack (Oct. 16)• After a few weeks a truce is created• USA and USSR got involved
The PLO
PALESTINIAN
LIBERATIONORGANIZATION
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Yasir Arafat
PLO
• Palestinians want to assume responsibility for liberating their homeland
• Arafat named chairman in 1969-served until his death in 2005
• Secular nationalists• Endorsed the two-state solution• Military campaign against Israel in 70’s and
80’s
The miserable conditions of the camps serve as good recruiting grounds for violent opposition groups.
• Palestinian resistance groups begin setting up base of operations in Jordan.
• Highjack a plane and blow it up on Jordanian territory
• King of Jordan responds by eliminating Palestinian presence in Jordan
• Between September 15-25, 1970- 3,000 Palestinians are killed
• Arabs Killing Arabs
BLACK SEPTEMBER
Response
• PLO moves its headquarters to Lebanon
• Palestinian groups commit terrorist attacks
• Kill members of the 1972 Jewish Olympic team at Munich.
INTIFADA
• Dec. 1987-1992• Civil Disobedience….Becomes more violent over
time• Hamas: religious faction that competes with PLO
(Created in 1988). Hamas wants to preserve the Islamic way of life.
• By 1990: 1025 Palestinians dead, 56 Israelis dead.
Peace Talks
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Camp David Oslo
Camp David Accords
• Jimmy Carter invites Sadat and Menachem Begin to Camp David for peace talks.
• First signed agreement between an Arab country and Israel (1979)
• Egypt recognizes Israel as a legitimate state. Israel returns the Sinai Peninsula to Egypt.
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Oslo Agreement
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Secret talks in Oslo Norway between Israel and Palestine
Declaration of Principles
Declaration of Principles
• Signed on the White House Lawn
• Sept. 13, 1993
• Yitzhak Rabin and Yasir Arafat
• Israel grants Palestinian self-rule in the Gaza Strip and West Bank.
Jesus is divine
Trinity
No sacred language
Weekly holy day is Sunday
Recitation of creed
Story of Jesus
Arabic is sacred language
Mecca is holiest City (Hajj)
God is Allah
Muhammad is final prophet
One God, God of Abraham
History of ancient Hebrews
Importance of Prophets
Religion is divided into sects
Jerusalem is a Holy City
Practice of breaking bread and drinking wine
Hebrew is the sacred language
Canaan is the Promised Land
Weekly holy day is Saturday
Synagogue
Mosque
Church
Dietary laws
Fasting- Ramadan and Yom Kippur
Use sacred language