conflicts in the middle east ch 18.4 cst 10.9.6. 1917 britain issues the balfour declaration causes:...
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Conflicts in the Middle Conflicts in the Middle EastEastCh 18.4Ch 18.4
CST 10.9.6CST 10.9.6
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1917 Britain issues the Balfour 1917 Britain issues the Balfour DeclarationDeclaration
• CAUSES:– Increased immigration of Jews to Palestine– Zionists’ request for a Jewish homeland– Britain’s need to retain support of Palestinians
and Jews during World War I
EFFECT:
No resolution of the issue, so Britain refers it to the UN
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1948 Independent Israel is created.1948 Independent Israel is created.
• CAUSES: UN recommendation calling for a partition of Palestine
• Int’l sympathy for the Jews because of the Holocaust and support for their desire for a Jewish homeland
• EFFECT: Outbreak of full-scale Arab-Israeli war
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Golda MeirGolda Meir
• She was the signer of Israel’s Declaration of Independence and later became Prime Minister of Israel.
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1956 Arab-Israeli War #2 breaks 1956 Arab-Israeli War #2 breaks outout
• CAUSE: Egypt seizes the Suez Canal.
• EFFECTS: – Egyptians are defeated.– The world community pressures Israel and its
European allies to withdraw from Egypt.
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Suez Crisis (1956)Suez Crisis (1956)
• Egypt seized the Suez Canal in 1956, Britain, France, and Israel defeated Egypt, but international pressure forced them to withdraw, returning the canal to Egypt
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1967 The Six Day War begins1967 The Six Day War begins
• CAUSES:– Increased tensions between Israel and Arab states– Soviet backed Arab troops move forces off Gulf of
Aqaba
EFFECTS:
Arabs have heavy losses
Israel annexes the old city of Jerusalem, West Bank, Sinai Peninsula, and Golan Heights.
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1973- Yom Kippur War begins.1973- Yom Kippur War begins.
• CAUSE: A joint Arab attack on the holiest Jewish Holiday
• EFFECTS: Israel counter-attacks, followed by an uneasy truce
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1979 Anwar Sadat (Egypt) and Menachem 1979 Anwar Sadat (Egypt) and Menachem
Begin (Israel) sign the Camp David AccordsBegin (Israel) sign the Camp David Accords..
CAUSES: Sadat offers peace to Begin. U.S. President Carter invites them both to discuss the issues at Camp David, USA
EFFECTS: -Egypt recognizes Israel as a legitimate nation-Sinai Peninsula is transferred to Egypt-30 years of hostility ends btwn the 2 countries-Sadat is assassinated.
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Anwar Sadat and Menachem BeginAnwar Sadat and Menachem Begin
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Hosni MubarakHosni Mubarak
• He was the Egyptian leader who succeeded the assassinated Sadat and he maintained the peace with Israel.
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1993 Rabin (Israel) and Arafat (PLO) 1993 Rabin (Israel) and Arafat (PLO) issue a Declaration of Principles.issue a Declaration of Principles.
• CAUSES: On-going conflicts over Israeli-occupied territories finally leads to a series of peace talks.
• EFFECTS:
• Self-rule for Palestinians in Gaza Strip and West Bank
• Assassination of Rabin
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Izhak Rabin and Yasir ArafatIzhak Rabin and Yasir Arafat
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Palestinian Liberation Organization Palestinian Liberation Organization (PLO)(PLO)
• This group led by Yasir Arafat conducted a campaign of terror against Israel. He later became the spokesman for the Palestinians in peace negotiations with Israel.