the –isms of modernism

8/6/2019 The isms of Modernism

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INTRODUCTION TO MODERNISM


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Major Issues in Modernism

Beginnings of Globalization

Increase in print media

Newspapers, books, journals,

magazines


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Beginnings of Globalization

Colonialism and International Trade

Influence of the art of foreign cultures: Tribalism, Japonisme


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New Technology

Collapsible paint tube

Impressionists: ability to paint outdoors


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New Technology

Photography Originally only in studios due to the cost and size of

equipment. Easily portable, cheaper technology allowed artists to

capture scenes in everyday life.


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New Technology

Cinematography

Same shift through cost and portability as photography

Collage storytelling: placing fragments together to form

a whole.

Photography and cinematography allowed artists to

document new works of art that lack a physical product.

Ephemeral art

Performance art


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The psychological effects of war

A great deal of modern art depicts the confusion

and horror of widespread violence.

World War I

World War II


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Moving away from representation Breaking down of traditional artistic mediums (painting,

sculpture, etc.) to their purest forms.

Emphasis of form over content Looking for new ways of showing things rather than telling a

succinct story, recounting an event, etc.


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The development of -isms

Avant-garde groups of artists independent of state-

structured Academies and Salons

The MANIFESTO

used by artists to describe the ideas and politics behind

their artwork.

The ideas behind a work of art are often considered to

be as or more importantthan the work itself.


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Definitions

Avant-garde: unorthodox or experimental, ahead

of its time, radical.

Manifesto: a public declaration of intentions,

opinions, objectives, or motives.


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THE isms of MODERNISM

A brief survey


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REALISM

France, Circa 1850


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Realism

Capital R Realism

Paintings remain very realistic in the style of the

French Academy and Salon. The key difference is in the subjects of the

paintings.

They are ordinary people: naturalistic rather than

idealized.


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Impressionism

French painting movement circa 1850. Artists

include Monet, Renoir, and Degas.

Mainly painted outdoors. Emphasis on light.

The use of small, loose brushstrokes.

Paint mixed directly on the canvas. Ordinary settings and people as subjects.


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POST-IMPRESSIONISM

1880s-1890s

France


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Post-Impressionism

French painting movement. Artists include Vincent

Van Gogh, Paul Gaugin, Georges Seurat, Henri de

Toulouse-Lautrec, and Paul Cezanne.

Use of vivid, unnatural colors.

Less realistic, more subjective view of the world.

Main subjects include those of the Impressionists as

well as an added emphasis on Paris nightlife andthe exotic cultures of French colonies.


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IMPRESSIONISM POST-IMPRESSIONISM


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CUBISM

1907-1919

France


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Cubism

French painting/collage movement. Primary artistsare Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque.

Colors are often muted browns and grays.

Shows multiple sides of an object together, leadingto a more flat, distorted appearance.

Paintings remain figurative, but at times areabstracted to the point that seeing the figure isnearly impossible.

Often used found objects in the creation ofcollages.


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EXPRESSIONISM

Begins 1890s, peak in 1920

Germany


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Expressionism

Primary mediums include painting, woodcut

(printmaking), and film. Major artists include

Edvard Munch, Franz Marc, and Wassily

Kandinsky.

Even more subjective and abstracted than Post-

Impressionist works, yet still figurative in nature.

More interested in depicting the interior,psychological world than the physical.


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SUPREMATISM

1915-1924

Russia


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Suprematism

Founded by Kasimir Malevich.

Interest in geometric forms.

Lack of depth/perspective. Interested in a flat, clean surface.


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CONSTRUCTIVISM

Concurrent with Suprematism in Russia


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Constructivism

Believed in the application of arts into

architecture, graphic design, and politics rather

than art for arts sake.

Bold geometric forms.

Use of photomontage

Photomontage: A collage constructed from

photographs that has often been used as a meansof expressing political dissent.


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FUTURISM

Italy, 1909 - 1916


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Futurism

Broad application of the aesthetic/ ideas

moving beyond Constructivists reach (including

fashion, literature, and even gastronomy).

Believed war to be the ultimate artistic act

(linked to fascism).

Praised new technology.

Paintings depict objects and people in motion,

emphasizing industrial strength and speed.


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DADA or DADAISM

1916-1922

Zurich, Switzerland


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DADA

Collage, Plays, Sculpture.

Strong reaction to bourgeois (aka middle class)

ideals, rational modes of thinking.

Used the element of chance to make works with

vitality (a trait absent, they believed, in heavily

planned, classical paintings).

Used found objects as complete or near-

complete final products in what Duchamp

named readymades


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DADA

Readymade: art created from the undisguised,but often modified, use of objects that are notnormally considered art, often because they

already have a non-art function. Appropriation: The borrowing or taking over of

a real object or an existing work of art.

Anti-art: Term coined by Marcel Duchamp. Artthat challenges the existing accepteddefinitions of art.


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http://www.ralphmag.org/AR/dada.html


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Kinetic sculpture: sculpture that includesmoveable parts (whether movable through wind,

the audiences touch, electronics, etc)


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SURREALISM

Began 1920

France


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Activity

SURREALIST GAME:

The Exquisite Corpse


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Review

Name the Art Movement


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the –isms of modernism

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