the influence preheated blended pure jatropha curcas l. oil (ppo) on a direct injection diesel...

8/14/2019 The Influence Preheated Blended Pure Jatropha Curcas L. Oil (PPO) on a Direct Injection Diesel Engine

1/37

LOGO

THE INFLUENCE PREHEATED BLENDED PUREJATROPHA CURCAS L. OIL (PPO) ONA DIRECT INJECTION DIESEL ENGINE

Iman Kartolaksono Reksowardojo

Tirto Prakoso Brodjonegoro

Tatang Hernas Soerawidjaja

Wiranto Arismunandar

Yuda Hartanto

M. Syauqi Shautal Alam

Reki Pebrian Tama

R. Fuad Satrio Ajie


2/37

Layout

Background1

Objective2

Experiments Procedures and Set Up3

Result and Discussion4

Conclussion & Advise5


3/37

Background

K. Pramanik, Properties and Use of Jatropha curcas Oil and Diesel FuelBlends in Compression Ignition Engine, Renewable Energy, 28(2):239-248,2003.


4/37

Background (cont.)

Fuel was preheated at 65

C

Source: K. Pramanik, Properties and Use of Jatropha curcas Oil andDiesel Fuel Blends in Compression Ignition Engine, Renewable

Energy, 28(2):239-248, 2003.


5/37

Objectives

Find influence of preheated pure jatropha oil as diesel fuel infollowing parameters:

Performance

Emission Engine component

Lubricant


6/37

Experiment Procedures

Procedures following:

SAE Technical Paper942010

Diesel Fuel Detergent Additive Performance andAssessment.

17 hours with vary conditions

RPM Load (Watt) Minutes

1000 0 15

1500 4000 102000 4000 5


7/37

Fuel Properties

PropertiesDiesel

Fuel

50% PPO

Jatropha

100% PPO

JatrophaSNI* SK**

Calorific Value (kJ/kg) 42932 39843 37994

Cetane number 50,7 54,3 56,2 min. 51 min. 45

Density at 15C (kg/m) 855,2 887,1 931 0,85-0,89 0,815-0,87

API Gravity at 60F 33,9 27,9 20,4

Viscosity Kinematic at

40C (cSt)

4,27 13,11 35,52 2,3-6,0 2,0-5,0

Flash Point (C) 60 73 266 min. 100 min. 60

Water Content by

Distilation (%vol)0,05 0,05 0,1 maks. 0,05 maks. 0,05

Distilation Recavery

Basis (C)358 367 383 maks. 360 maks. 370

Conradson Carbon

Residue on 10%

Distillate Residue (%wt)

0,12 3 14,03 maks. 0,35 maks. 0,1

Sulfur Content (ppm) 0,253 0,135 0,009 maks. 100 maks. 3500

Posphor Content (ppm) 10 - 19 maks. 10 maks. 10

* Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI) Biodiesel Spesifications

** Diesel fuel spesification based on Gas & Oil Ministry of Indonesia


8/37

Experiment Set Up

Company Logo


9/37

Engine

Engine name TIANLI ZS195-DI

Type Direct Injection

Cylinder One (horizontal)

Diameter (mm) x Stroke(mm) 95 x 115

Stroke volume (cc) 815Compression ratio 20:1

Max Power(kW/rpm) 9,7/2200

Rated Power (kW/rpm) 8,8/2200

Fuel pump type Bosch in line

Injector type Bosch Multihole (4)

Aspiration Natural

Cooling system Air

Weight (kg) 145

Injection pressure (MPa) 12,75 + 0,98


10/37

Results and Discussion

Diesel fuel

Preheated 50% PPO Jatropha

Spray visualization

Before Endurance Test

Before Endurance Test After Endurance Test

After Endurance Test


11/37

Results and Discussion (Performance)

Thermal Efficiency

Compared to diesel fuel, thermal efficiency of preheated 50% PPO jatrophagives:

13,8% lower (before endurance test) and 4,7% higher (after endurance test)in average

0

10

20

30

40

50

0 100 200 300 400

%

BMEP [kPa]


Diesel Fuel Jatropha

0

10

20

30

40

50

0 100 200 300 400

%

BMEP [kPa]




12/37

Results and Discussion (Performance)

Brake Spesific Fuel Consumption (BSFC)

Compared to diesel fuel, BSFC of preheated 50% PPO jatropha gives:

28,7% higher (before endurance test) dan 2,1% higher (after endurance test)in average

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.30.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0 100 200 300 400

kg

/(kW.h

our)

BMEP [kPa]



0.0

0.1

0.2

0.30.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0 100 200 300 400

kg

/(kW.h

our)

BMEP [kPa]




13/37

Results and Discussion (Emission)

Oxygen

Compared to diesel fuel, Oxygen emission of preheated 50% PPO jatrophagives:

0,8% higher (before endurance test) dan 7% higher (after endurance test) inaverage

0

4

8

12

16

20

0 100 200 300 400

%

BMEP [kPa]



0

4

8

12

16

20

0 100 200 300 400

%

BMEP [kPa]




14/37


Carbon Dioxide

Compared to diesel fuel, carbon dioxide emission of preheated 50% PPOjatropha gives:

4,3% lower (before endurance test) dan 22,1% lower (after endurance test)in average

0

1

23

4

5

0 100 200 300 400

%

BMEP [kPa]



0

1

2

3

4

5

0 100 200 300 400

%

BMEP [kPa]




15/37


Carbon Monoxide

Compared to diesel fuel, carbon monoxide emission of preheated 50% PPOjatropha gives:

161,4% higher (before endurance test) dan 13,6% higher (after endurancetest) in average

0

0.03

0.06

0.09

0.12

0.15

0 100 200 300 400

%

BMEP [kPa]



0

0.03

0.06

0.09

0.12

0.15

0 100 200 300 400

%

BMEP [kPa]




16/37


Opacity

Compared to diesel fuel, opacity emission of preheated 50% PPO jatrophagives:


0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0 100 200 300 400

pp

m

BMEP [kPa]



0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0 100 200 300 400

pp

m

BMEP [kPa]




17/37


Unburned Hydrocarbon (UHC)

Compared to diesel fuel, unburned hydrocarbon emission of preheated 50%PPO jatropha gives:


0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

0 100 200 300 400

pp

m

BMEP [kPa]



0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

0 100 200 300 400

pp

m

BMEP [kPa]




18/37

Results and Discussion (Exhaust)

Exhaust gas temperature

Compared to diesel fuel, exhaust gas temperature of preheated 50% PPOjatropha gives:

12,9% lower (before endurance test) dan 5,2% higher (after endurance test)in average

0

25

50

75

100

125

0 100 200 300 400

C

BMEP [kPa]



0

25

50

75

100

125

0 100 200 300 400

C

BMEP [kPa]




19/37

Results and Discussion (Engine Components)

Plunger

-2.6

-4.4

-7.0

-6.2

-2.2

-4.0-3.4

-5.6

-8.0

-7.0

-6.0

-5.0

-4.0

-3.0

-2.0

-1.0

0.0

A B C D

m

Lokasi

Dimension change



20/37

Results and Discussion(Components)

-1.10

-0.28

-1.20

-1.00

-0.80

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

mg

Weight loss

Plunger House

2.4

3.6

2.0

3.0

0.0

0.51.0

1.52.02.5

3.03.54.0

E F

m

Lokasi

Dimension change



21/37


Diesel Fuel 50% PPO Jatropha

Injector Photograph

Deposit on diesel fuel injector better than jatropha


22/37

12.85

39.41

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

mg

Weight Change

Injector


39.326.0

58.7

1.0

69.589.3

178.3

1.60

50

100

150

200

Q R S T

m

Lokasi

Dimension change



23/37

Diesel Fuel 50% PPOJatropha

Nozzle needle


1

0.4

5

1.1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

M O

m

Lokasi

Dimension Change



24/37


-1.16

-0.26

-1.40

-1.20

-1.00

-0.80

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

mg

Weight loss

Nozzle needle

-8

-6 -6

-3 -3 -3-3

-3

-5-6

-4

-5

-9-8-7-6-5-4-3-2

-10

G H I J K L

m

Lokasi

Dimension change



25/37


Diesel Fuel 50% PPO Jatropha

1.1

3.2

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

gram

Weight change

Piston

92.8

277.3

0

50

100150

200

250

300

m

Average Deposit Thickness



26/37


Piston

On Jatropha fuel, deposits concentrate onpiston impingement point

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

m

Lokasi

Deposit thickness

Solar Jatropha


27/37


Piston (Rating based on

CRC Manual no. 18)

53.1

75.09

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

TWD

Total Weighted Demerit (TWD)


29.99

50.76

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Demeri

t

Total Demerit



28/37


Diesel Fuel

50% PPO Jatropha

Head Cylinder

32.4

155.0

0

30

60

90

120

150

180

m

Average of Deposit Thickness

Diesel fuel Jatropha


29/37


Head Cylinder

Deposit focus on intake valve and injectorhole on Jatropha experiment

0

50

100

150

200250

300

350

400

450

500

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

m

Lokasi

Deposit ThicknessDiesel Fuel Jatropha


30/37

Results and Discussion (Lubricant)

Viscosity

Viscosity decrease because fuel blow-by

12.2

13.06

14.56

11

11.5

12

12.5

13

13.5

14

14.5

15

cSt

Diesel Fuel Jatropha New


31/37


Total Base Number (TBN)

TBN increase on Jatropha experiment because base content on fueldue to neutralizing on PPO process

8.95

10.099.94

8.2

8.4

8.6

8.8

9

9.2

9.4

9.69.8

10

10.2

mg

KOH/g



32/37


Soot on Jatropha is higher due to worse combustion processthan diesel fuel

Higher lubricant oxidation of Jatropha experiment is caused byhigher combustion chamber temperature

Sootand oxidation

0

0.05

0.1

0.15

0.2

0.250.3

0.35

Soot Oxid NOx SOx

A/0

,1mm



33/37


Wear metals show Jatropha gives better lubricity propertiesthan diesel fuel

Wear metal

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

Fe Cu Al Ni Pb Total

ppm



34/37

Conclusion & Advise

Conclusions1. Using of Jatropha oil is giving lower performance, even

tough it is increasing after endurance test.

Thermal efficiency : 13,8% higher (before endurance test) and 4,7%higher (after endurance test)

BSFC: 28,7% higher (before endurance test) and 2,1% higher (after

endurance test)

2. Jatropha gives worse emissions characteristic

Increasing of Jatropha emission including:

CO {161,4% (before) and 13,6% (after)}, UHC {58,5% (before) and 44,7%

(after)}, opacity {151,8% (before) and 297,1% (after)}


35/37

Conclusion

3. Jatropha gives better lubricity than diesel fuel.4. Jatropha gives more engine deposits in combustion

chamber

5. Jatropha oil effects on better lubricant viscosity (canmaintain lubricant viscosity) and its combustion is not asacid as diesel fuel combustion.


36/37

The Concept of Using Vegetables Oil (VO)

on Diesel Engine (DE)

Diesel

Engine(DE)

Vegetable Oil

(VO)

DE adapted to fit VO

VO adapted to fit VO

STANDARD

Conclusion


37/37

LOGO

the influence preheated blended pure jatropha curcas l. oil (ppo) on a direct injection diesel...

Documents