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LOGO
THE INFLUENCE PREHEATED BLENDED PUREJATROPHA CURCAS L. OIL (PPO) ONA DIRECT INJECTION DIESEL ENGINE
Iman Kartolaksono Reksowardojo
Tirto Prakoso Brodjonegoro
Tatang Hernas Soerawidjaja
Wiranto Arismunandar
Yuda Hartanto
M. Syauqi Shautal Alam
Reki Pebrian Tama
R. Fuad Satrio Ajie
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Layout
Background1
Objective2
Experiments Procedures and Set Up3
Result and Discussion4
Conclussion & Advise5
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Background
K. Pramanik, Properties and Use of Jatropha curcas Oil and Diesel FuelBlends in Compression Ignition Engine, Renewable Energy, 28(2):239-248,2003.
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Background (cont.)
Fuel was preheated at 65
C
Source: K. Pramanik, Properties and Use of Jatropha curcas Oil andDiesel Fuel Blends in Compression Ignition Engine, Renewable
Energy, 28(2):239-248, 2003.
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Objectives
Find influence of preheated pure jatropha oil as diesel fuel infollowing parameters:
Performance
Emission Engine component
Lubricant
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Experiment Procedures
Procedures following:
SAE Technical Paper942010
Diesel Fuel Detergent Additive Performance andAssessment.
17 hours with vary conditions
RPM Load (Watt) Minutes
1000 0 15
1500 4000 102000 4000 5
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Fuel Properties
PropertiesDiesel
Fuel
50% PPO
Jatropha
100% PPO
JatrophaSNI* SK**
Calorific Value (kJ/kg) 42932 39843 37994
Cetane number 50,7 54,3 56,2 min. 51 min. 45
Density at 15C (kg/m) 855,2 887,1 931 0,85-0,89 0,815-0,87
API Gravity at 60F 33,9 27,9 20,4
Viscosity Kinematic at
40C (cSt)
4,27 13,11 35,52 2,3-6,0 2,0-5,0
Flash Point (C) 60 73 266 min. 100 min. 60
Water Content by
Distilation (%vol)0,05 0,05 0,1 maks. 0,05 maks. 0,05
Distilation Recavery
Basis (C)358 367 383 maks. 360 maks. 370
Conradson Carbon
Residue on 10%
Distillate Residue (%wt)
0,12 3 14,03 maks. 0,35 maks. 0,1
Sulfur Content (ppm) 0,253 0,135 0,009 maks. 100 maks. 3500
Posphor Content (ppm) 10 - 19 maks. 10 maks. 10
* Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI) Biodiesel Spesifications
** Diesel fuel spesification based on Gas & Oil Ministry of Indonesia
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Experiment Set Up
Company Logo
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Engine
Engine name TIANLI ZS195-DI
Type Direct Injection
Cylinder One (horizontal)
Diameter (mm) x Stroke(mm) 95 x 115
Stroke volume (cc) 815Compression ratio 20:1
Max Power(kW/rpm) 9,7/2200
Rated Power (kW/rpm) 8,8/2200
Fuel pump type Bosch in line
Injector type Bosch Multihole (4)
Aspiration Natural
Cooling system Air
Weight (kg) 145
Injection pressure (MPa) 12,75 + 0,98
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Results and Discussion
Diesel fuel
Preheated 50% PPO Jatropha
Spray visualization
Before Endurance Test
Before Endurance Test After Endurance Test
After Endurance Test
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Results and Discussion (Performance)
Thermal Efficiency
Compared to diesel fuel, thermal efficiency of preheated 50% PPO jatrophagives:
13,8% lower (before endurance test) and 4,7% higher (after endurance test)in average
0
10
20
30
40
50
0 100 200 300 400
%
BMEP [kPa]
Before Endurance Test
Diesel Fuel Jatropha
0
10
20
30
40
50
0 100 200 300 400
%
BMEP [kPa]
After Endurance Test
Diesel Fuel Jatropha
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Results and Discussion (Performance)
Brake Spesific Fuel Consumption (BSFC)
Compared to diesel fuel, BSFC of preheated 50% PPO jatropha gives:
28,7% higher (before endurance test) dan 2,1% higher (after endurance test)in average
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.30.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0 100 200 300 400
kg
/(kW.h
our)
BMEP [kPa]
Before Endurance Test
Diesel Fuel Jatropha
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.30.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0 100 200 300 400
kg
/(kW.h
our)
BMEP [kPa]
After Endurance Test
Diesel Fuel Jatropha
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Results and Discussion (Emission)
Oxygen
Compared to diesel fuel, Oxygen emission of preheated 50% PPO jatrophagives:
0,8% higher (before endurance test) dan 7% higher (after endurance test) inaverage
0
4
8
12
16
20
0 100 200 300 400
%
BMEP [kPa]
Before Endurance Test
Diesel Fuel Jatropha
0
4
8
12
16
20
0 100 200 300 400
%
BMEP [kPa]
After Endurance Test
Diesel Fuel Jatropha
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Results and Discussion (Emission)
Carbon Dioxide
Compared to diesel fuel, carbon dioxide emission of preheated 50% PPOjatropha gives:
4,3% lower (before endurance test) dan 22,1% lower (after endurance test)in average
0
1
23
4
5
0 100 200 300 400
%
BMEP [kPa]
Before Endurance Test
Diesel Fuel Jatropha
0
1
2
3
4
5
0 100 200 300 400
%
BMEP [kPa]
After Endurance Test
Diesel Fuel Jatropha
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Results and Discussion (Emission)
Carbon Monoxide
Compared to diesel fuel, carbon monoxide emission of preheated 50% PPOjatropha gives:
161,4% higher (before endurance test) dan 13,6% higher (after endurancetest) in average
0
0.03
0.06
0.09
0.12
0.15
0 100 200 300 400
%
BMEP [kPa]
Before Endurance Test
Diesel Fuel Jatropha
0
0.03
0.06
0.09
0.12
0.15
0 100 200 300 400
%
BMEP [kPa]
After Endurance Test
Diesel Fuel Jatropha
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Results and Discussion (Emission)
Opacity
Compared to diesel fuel, opacity emission of preheated 50% PPO jatrophagives:
151,8% higher (before endurance test) dan 297,1% higher (after endurancetest) in average
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0 100 200 300 400
pp
m
BMEP [kPa]
Before Endurance Test
Diesel Fuel Jatropha
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0 100 200 300 400
pp
m
BMEP [kPa]
After Endurance Test
Diesel Fuel Jatropha
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Results and Discussion (Emission)
Unburned Hydrocarbon (UHC)
Compared to diesel fuel, unburned hydrocarbon emission of preheated 50%PPO jatropha gives:
58,5% higher (before endurance test) dan 44,7% higher (after endurancetest) in average
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
0 100 200 300 400
pp
m
BMEP [kPa]
Before Endurance Test
Diesel Fuel Jatropha
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
0 100 200 300 400
pp
m
BMEP [kPa]
After Endurance Test
Diesel Fuel Jatropha
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Results and Discussion (Exhaust)
Exhaust gas temperature
Compared to diesel fuel, exhaust gas temperature of preheated 50% PPOjatropha gives:
12,9% lower (before endurance test) dan 5,2% higher (after endurance test)in average
0
25
50
75
100
125
0 100 200 300 400
C
BMEP [kPa]
Before Endurance Test
Diesel Fuel Jatropha
0
25
50
75
100
125
0 100 200 300 400
C
BMEP [kPa]
After Endurance Test
Diesel Fuel Jatropha
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Results and Discussion (Engine Components)
Plunger
-2.6
-4.4
-7.0
-6.2
-2.2
-4.0-3.4
-5.6
-8.0
-7.0
-6.0
-5.0
-4.0
-3.0
-2.0
-1.0
0.0
A B C D
m
Lokasi
Dimension change
Diesel Fuel Jatropha
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Results and Discussion(Components)
-1.10
-0.28
-1.20
-1.00
-0.80
-0.60
-0.40
-0.20
0.00
mg
Weight loss
Plunger House
2.4
3.6
2.0
3.0
0.0
0.51.0
1.52.02.5
3.03.54.0
E F
m
Lokasi
Dimension change
Diesel Fuel Jatropha
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Results and Discussion (Engine Components)
Diesel Fuel 50% PPO Jatropha
Injector Photograph
Deposit on diesel fuel injector better than jatropha
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12.85
39.41
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
mg
Weight Change
Injector
Results and Discussion (Engine Components)
39.326.0
58.7
1.0
69.589.3
178.3
1.60
50
100
150
200
Q R S T
m
Lokasi
Dimension change
Diesel Fuel Jatropha
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Diesel Fuel 50% PPOJatropha
Nozzle needle
Results and Discussion (Engine Components)
1
0.4
5
1.1
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
M O
m
Lokasi
Dimension Change
Diesel Fuel Jatropha
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Results and Discussion (Engine Components)
-1.16
-0.26
-1.40
-1.20
-1.00
-0.80
-0.60
-0.40
-0.20
0.00
mg
Weight loss
Nozzle needle
-8
-6 -6
-3 -3 -3-3
-3
-5-6
-4
-5
-9-8-7-6-5-4-3-2
-10
G H I J K L
m
Lokasi
Dimension change
Diesel Fuel Jatropha
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Results and Discussion (Engine Components)
Diesel Fuel 50% PPO Jatropha
1.1
3.2
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
gram
Weight change
Piston
92.8
277.3
0
50
100150
200
250
300
m
Average Deposit Thickness
Diesel Fuel Jatropha
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Results and Discussion (Engine Components)
Piston
On Jatropha fuel, deposits concentrate onpiston impingement point
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
m
Lokasi
Deposit thickness
Solar Jatropha
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Results and Discussion (Engine Components)
Piston (Rating based on
CRC Manual no. 18)
53.1
75.09
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
TWD
Total Weighted Demerit (TWD)
Diesel Fuel Jatropha
29.99
50.76
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Demeri
t
Total Demerit
Diesel Fuel Jatropha
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Results and Discussion (Engine Components)
Diesel Fuel
50% PPO Jatropha
Head Cylinder
32.4
155.0
0
30
60
90
120
150
180
m
Average of Deposit Thickness
Diesel fuel Jatropha
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Results and Discussion (Engine Components)
Head Cylinder
Deposit focus on intake valve and injectorhole on Jatropha experiment
0
50
100
150
200250
300
350
400
450
500
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
m
Lokasi
Deposit ThicknessDiesel Fuel Jatropha
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Results and Discussion (Lubricant)
Viscosity
Viscosity decrease because fuel blow-by
12.2
13.06
14.56
11
11.5
12
12.5
13
13.5
14
14.5
15
cSt
Diesel Fuel Jatropha New
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Results and Discussion (Lubricant)
Total Base Number (TBN)
TBN increase on Jatropha experiment because base content on fueldue to neutralizing on PPO process
8.95
10.099.94
8.2
8.4
8.6
8.8
9
9.2
9.4
9.69.8
10
10.2
mg
KOH/g
Diesel Fuel Jatropha New
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Results and Discussion (Lubricant)
Soot on Jatropha is higher due to worse combustion processthan diesel fuel
Higher lubricant oxidation of Jatropha experiment is caused byhigher combustion chamber temperature
Sootand oxidation
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.250.3
0.35
Soot Oxid NOx SOx
A/0
,1mm
Diesel Fuel Jatropha New
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Results and Discussion (Lubricant)
Wear metals show Jatropha gives better lubricity propertiesthan diesel fuel
Wear metal
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Fe Cu Al Ni Pb Total
ppm
Diesel Fuel Jatropha New
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Conclusion & Advise
Conclusions1. Using of Jatropha oil is giving lower performance, even
tough it is increasing after endurance test.
Thermal efficiency : 13,8% higher (before endurance test) and 4,7%higher (after endurance test)
BSFC: 28,7% higher (before endurance test) and 2,1% higher (after
endurance test)
2. Jatropha gives worse emissions characteristic
Increasing of Jatropha emission including:
CO {161,4% (before) and 13,6% (after)}, UHC {58,5% (before) and 44,7%
(after)}, opacity {151,8% (before) and 297,1% (after)}
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Conclusion
3. Jatropha gives better lubricity than diesel fuel.4. Jatropha gives more engine deposits in combustion
chamber
5. Jatropha oil effects on better lubricant viscosity (canmaintain lubricant viscosity) and its combustion is not asacid as diesel fuel combustion.
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The Concept of Using Vegetables Oil (VO)
on Diesel Engine (DE)
Diesel
Engine(DE)
Vegetable Oil
(VO)
DE adapted to fit VO
VO adapted to fit VO
STANDARD
Conclusion
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LOGO