the influence of neo-nazism to american youth movement in 1990s

7/24/2019 The influence of Neo-Nazism to American Youth Movement in 1990s

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THE INFLUENCE OF NEO-NAZI MOVEMENT TO

AMERICAN YOUTHS LIFE IN 1990s.

A Thesis

Submitted in Partial Fulfillment to the Requirement for

Sarjana Sastra Degree

By:

MUTIA ERIANI. E

0 1!" 0#

EN$LISH %E&ARTMENT- FACULTY OF LETTERS

AN%ALAS UNIVERSITY

&A%AN$

00'

1


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ABSTRA(

&i dalam tesis ini, penulis membahas tentang pengaruh kemunculan dan

perekembangan 'eo6'azi di Amerika -erikat. &isini dibahas tentang dampak 'eo6'azi tersebut terutama terhadap anak muda Amerika pada tahun 1772an.

&i dalam tesis ini, penulis melakukan pengumpulan data berdasarkan

penelitian kepustakaan. Penulis mengunakan buku6buku dan artikel6artikel sebagaisumber utama kaian ini. Metode yang diterapkan adalah metode penelitian kualitatif

dimana data yang disaikan tidak diubah kedalam bentuk lain. &alam menganalisa

masalah, penulis menggunakan pendekatan 8aian )udaya 9Cultural Studies: dansalah satu teorinya yaitu -ubkultur eori 9Theory Subculture: yang dikemukakan oleh

Prof. M. )rake salah seorang ahli dalam bidang 8aian )udaya yang menganalisa

tentang kemunculan dan pengaruh subkultur6subkultur anak muda. -elanutnya, hasilanalisa disaikan secara deskriptif.

&ari analisa tersebut, penulis menemukan beberapa penyebab dan pengaruhdari kemunculan subkultur 'eo6'azi di Amerika -erikat. Penulis menemukan

penyebab kemunculan 'eo6'azi tersebut antara lain adalah3 pertama, Amerika-erikat sebagai negara multi6budaya yang didiami oleh berbagai macam ras. 8edua,

rasisme di Amerika yang telah mendarah6daging dan yang ketiga kebebasan

berorganisasi bagi warga negara Amerika yang memungkinkan munculnya organisasiseperti 'eo6'azi tersebut. 8emudian, penulis menemukan beberapa pengaruh 'eo6

'azi terhadap anak muda Amerika yaitu, munculnya musik kebencian atau Hate

music, adanya enis berpakaian tersendiri oleh 'eo6'azi dan terbentuknya prilakuanak muda yang cenderung kepada kekerasan. &i sini dielaskan uga bahwa setiap

dampak diatas merefleksikan ideologi dari 'eo6'azi tersebut danHate musicsebagai

salah satu pengaruh dari 'eo6'azi diadikan alat untuk mempengaruhi anak mudaAmerika lainnya.

8emudian penulis menyimpulkan bahwa kemunculan 'eo6'azi di Amerika

-erikat membawa dampak yang negatif terhadap anak muda Amerika. &ampak6

dampak negatif yang merefleksikan ideology yang dibawa oleh 'eo6'azi tersebutmenyebarkan kebencian antar ras dan meningkatkan tindak krimital oleh anak muda

Amerika.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

A

. A'A0+-"-..................................................................................

>.1 he . he "nfluence of 'eo6'azi Movement to

American +outh in 1772s....................................................... C

>..1 he mergence of !ate Music...................................... C

>.. he #ormation of @iolent )ehavior............................... ;?

>


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>..; he (ising of 'ew -tyle............................................... ;C

1

)")0"=G(AP!+.............................................................................................. >

APP'&"D

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CHA&TER 1

INTRO%UCTION

1.1 The B*+,/2 /3 4he S42y.

he glory of 'azi regime in its era influenced the growth of new fascist

movement in some big countries such as Germany, )ritain and even in the /nited

-tates of America. he term 'eo6'azi begins to be widely known in the /nited

-tates after the )ritish -kinhead movement spread overseas. he term 'eo6'azi

means as the new form of fascism. As e*plained in 5ikipedia% Ethe term of 'eo6

'azism is used to refer to any social or political movement seeking to revive 'azism

or a racist form of fascism, and which postdated the -econd 5orld 5arF 95ikipedia%

22>:.

'eo6'azi movement adopted the e*act idea with an allegiance to Adolf !itler.

he insignia of 'azi Germany e*tremely had lack of tolerant features of specific

Germany$s Third Reich1, Anti -emitism, racism and *enophobia beside other

elements such as nationalism, militarism and homophobia. hese groups above often

drew membership of people who blamed them as society$s problem, such as the

1hird (eich is the named that !itler gave to the 'azi regime in Germany between 17;; and 17>?.Anti -emitism is political, social, and economic agitation and activities directed against ews. he

term is now used to denote speech and behavior that is derogatory to people of ewish origin, whether

or not they are religious.


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disintegration of national unity, culture and multicultural friction on non6white

immigrant and ewish world conspiracy;

.

"n the /nited -tates, in 1772s, the 'eo6'azi became well organized. heir

members were usually youth people that can be easily identified by their style and

tattoos, which indicated their hatred to other races. "n 1772s, the American 'eo6'azi

began to disturb American society. hey attacked the immigrants and non6white

people.

"n its movement, 'eo6'azi brought its own features that they used as their

own identity, like the style of the head, clothes, taste and kind of music. hen, those

features influenced some of American youth. "n another case, it became a trend.

#rom the e*planation above, the writer is interested in studying the influence

of 'eo6'azi movement to youth life. hat is why the writer writes her thesis entitled%

he "nfluence of 'eo6'azi Movement to American +outh life in 1772s.

1. The I2e4i3i+*4i/ /3 4he &/56e7.

;ewish 5orld


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)ased on e*planation above, the writer is interested in studying the influence

of 'eo6'azi movement to the American youth in 1772s. herefore, the writer focuses

on the following research Iuestions in her study,

1. 5hat were the causes of 'eo6'azi emergence in AmericaJ

. 5hat were the 'eo6'azi influences to the American youth in 1772sJ

1.8 The O5e+4ie /3 4he S42y.

he study is aimed at finding out what the causes of the 'eo6'azi emergence

were and it focuses on the influences of 'eo6'azi to of American youth in 1772s.

Moreover, the identification of the ideology behind this phenomenon and the hidden

agenda in the rising of racism are going to be discussed in this thesis..

1.# The Li7i4*4i/ /3 4he &/56e7.

his study is focused on the causes of the emergence of 'eo6'azi and the

influence of 'eo6'azi movement in American youth$s lifestyle and behavior in

1772s.

1." The Me4h/2 /3 4he S42y.

C


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"n doing this thesis, the writer applies methods of collecting the data, studying

and analyzing them, and making the conclusion. "n collecting the data, the writer did

library research. he data are taken from relevant books, papers, articles or ournal

from "nternet and other printed materials.

"n analyzing and studying the data, the writer applies Iualitative research

method. Kualitative research method is a method that interprets data by giving them

meaning, translating them or making them understandable 9)ogdan, 17C% >:. )y

using the Iualitative method, the data that has been collected are in the form of words

or pictures rather than numbers. Moreover, the result of the study contains Iuotation

from data to illustrate and substantiate the presentation 9)ogdan, 17C% C:. he same

statement is also mentioned in Pengantar Metode Penelitian Kualitatif: dari

pengertian sampai penulisan laporanwritten by &(. Afrizal, MA 922?% 1>:%

Metode penelitian kualitatif dikatakan sebuah metode penelitian

dengan data yang dikumpulkan berupa kata6kata, gambar dan bukanangka6angka,

9Kualitative research method is a research method where the data that

are collected are in the form of words or pictures rather than

numbers...:

&(. Afrizal MA also states that by using the Iualitative method, we could

easily analyze condition, event, character and relationship among them by using

library research. 922?%C:

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"n presenting the analysis, the writer uses the descriptive methods, attempts to

present the phenomena in detail. his method also helps the writer to analyze the

problem obectively based on the data and information from the sources.

"n addition, the writer uses the -ubculture theory. According to )rake, the

-ubculture theory state that% Ea subculture e*isted where there is some form of

organized recognized constellation of values, behavior and action which is responded

to as differing from the prevailing set of norms.H 9)rake% 17C?% >:. his theory will

be e*plained in ne*t chapter.

CHA&TER

REVIE) OF RELATE% STU%IES

12


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.1 Reie;s / Re6*4e2 S42ies.

"n doing this thesis, the writer also analyzes work and studies that to 'eo6

'azi. he first study is a ournal from one of


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he third one is a ournal by &avid Michaels, entitled#eo$#a%i Terrorism. "n

this ournal, he gives us some kind of reports about some violent incidents that caused

by the 'eo6'azi that happened in )ritish, Germany and America. "n this ournal, he

also e*plains far right movement like the 'eo6'azi which has turned into terrorism

that caused many violent incidents. his ournal e*plains how the organization like

'eo6'azi movement had spread in many big countries all over the world. his

ournal also helps the writer to see how the 'eo6'azi movement contributes violence

to American society.

he fourth is a paper by ric =lsen, entitled +,hite Po-er+ music targets teen

9=lsen% 22?:. "n this paper, =lsen e*plains about the 'eo6'azi music and how the

music became widely spread and gained attention of the youth in America and

Germany. "n this paper, =lsen e*plains that there has been music for racists since the

eighteenth century. he (acist music consists of racist lyrics that admit the white

supremacy and underestimate colored people. =lsen also learns about an up6and6

coming leader of neo6'azi music and recording company to record and label the 'eo6

'azi music. his paper will help the writer to e*plain that the 'eo6'azi also

influence American youth music.

he last one is a book by !arun +ahya>, entitled%Menying)ap Tabir asisme.

"n this book, +ahya e*plains about the background of the reoccurrence of fascism in

>!arun +ahya is a famous Moslem researcher that research world phenomena with science and 8oran

1


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2th


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discursive formation which means a formation of ideas, images and practices which

includes the way to talk about, the form of behavior and knowledge that associates

with a topic, social activity or certain institutional area of society. 9!all% 1774% C>:.

&ealing with the topic, of the influence of the 'eo6'azi movement, the writer

sees the idea of the 'eo6'azi and compares it with the original 'azi$s ideology and

how this 'eo6'azi$s ideology and behavior develop in particular society, that is the

American youth.

"n order to conduct this thesis, the writer uses the -ubculture theory, stated by

Prof. M. )rake. he subculture theory is a systematic way to analyze gang, group or

subculture activity and behavior 9hrasher% 174% >:. "n this case, subculture means

the distinctive culture within a culture, so its norm and values differ from maority

culture but not necessarily represent a culture deemed deviant by the maority

95ikipedia% 22>:. -o, the 'eo6'azi movement is an e*ample of a group movement

that developed became one of the American youth subculture where the 'eo6'azi

developed their own music, style and activity that particular with youth, as stated by


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9+outh subcultures are characterized by the development of some

specific styles. "n this case, there is an active organizing over

activities and attitudes through way of dress, music, ritual andargon.:

According to )rake% Ea subculture e*isted where there is some form of

organized recognized constellation of values, behavior and action which is responded

to as differing from the prevailing set of norms.H 9)rake% 17C?% >:. his statement

means that in the formation of a subculture, there are acts of resistance, protest and

refusal, which seek to differentiate from the mainstream. herefore, by using the

subculture theory, the writer will e*plain the causes and the influences of the 'eo6

'azi as one subculture influenced its maor culture, in this case the American youth

society.

#urthermore, in analyzing the data the writer uses the cause and effect way of

e*planation by stating the fact and giving the reason to e*plain why and how the facts

come about. !ere the writer e*plains how the 'eo6'azi movement emerged then how

and why this movement influences the American youth$s ways of life.

CHA&TER 8

BRIEF OVERVIE) OF NEO-NAZISM

1?


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"n this chapter, the writer gives e*planation about the term 'eo6'azi, its

ideology, 'eo6'azism, how 'eo6'azi differs from the original 'azi and short history

about the 'eo6'azi emergence and development in America.

he term 'eo6'azi refers to any social or political movement that seeks to

revive'azismor a racistform of #ascism95ikipedia% 22:. o understand deeper

about 'eo6'azism, we must distill the essence of 'azism. "n common, the essence of

'azism comprises two fundamental beliefs, they are% 91: some people are genetically

and morally inferior forms of life3 and 9:genetically and morally superior forms of

life, to survive, must FpurifyF their race by eliminating genetically and morally

inferior groups 9ncarta% 22:.

!istorically, he 'ational -ocialist Party 9'azi: which emerged in post 5orld

5ar " era, was one of the biggest fascist parties at that time. "n 171C, German was

defeated by the Alliance 9American, )ritish and (ussia: and forced to sign the

E@ersailles reatment?H. As the result, life became so hard in German, inflation raised,

economic felt down and many people died in suffer. People in German were

desperately e*pecting a new hope that later was offered by Adolf !itler, born on April

2, 1CC7 in )runay. As a brilliant orator, !itler successfully gained mass sympathy by

?@ersailles reatment or reaty of @ersailles is the peace treaty signed at the end of 5orld 5ar "

between Germany and the Allies. his agreement state that German (epublic replaced by the imperial

German government at the end of the war, was e*cluded from the parley. "ncluded in the first sectionof the treaty was the


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his propaganda and formed the 'ational -ocialist Party and later was well known as

'azi. !itler raised the German nationalism and convinced German people that the

pure German was Aria, the superiority race that was chosen to be the best 9Purcell%

22>% ;>:.

"n 17;;, !itler suspended the constitution, abolished the presidency, and

declared himself Germany$s #hrer,like . 0. arman states in his book, The Rise

and all of #a%i 'ermany 9arman% 1;7:%

5hen !itler, with the


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#ascist leader, who inspired !itler in his movement at that time. =n 17;?, fascism

had dominated "taly and Germany 9Purcell% 22>% >:. "n both "taly and Germany, the

backgrounds of the emergence of fascism were almost the same. hey were% the

poverty that happened after the 5orld 5ar ", disappointment of democracy, fear of

communism which would occurred in both countries and high nationalism of German

and "talian people 9Purcell% 22>% ?:.

As an ideology, fascism means modern political ideology that seeks to

regenerate the social, economic, and cultural life of a country by basing it on a

heightened sense of national belonging or ethnic identity. #ascism reects liberal ideas

such as freedom and individual rights, and often presses for the destruction of

elections, legislatures, and other elements of democracy 9ncarta% 22:. #ascism has

seven basic thoughts that often seen in almost fascist te*t. hose basic thoughts are

"rrationalism, -ocial &arwinism4, 'ationalism, -tate, 0eadership principal, (acism

and Anti6% 1?:. "n all of those basic thoughts, racism is

the most powerful one. !itler believed that the Aria, or the 'ordic, or the white

dominate above others. !e used this to grow the German nationalism so that the

German people had something in common to be proud of 9!itler% 174;% ;7;:.

4-ocial &arwinism is a discredited social theory stating that the political and economic advantages in a

developed society are derived from the biological advantages of its collective membership.

1C


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he political movement and ideology of 'azi was complete because in this

ideology was found the essence of left and right ideologiesC

9Macridis% 177% 1;:.

hose essences could be divided into negatives and positives themes, which were

sometimes blended and addressed to the immediate situations. 'azi negative themes

are% 91: against class struggle, it means that 'azis thought that the notion of class

which was developed by Mar* and endorsed by all


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willing to sacrificed everything they owned to their country. 9: 2eadership, as we

had already discussed above that !itler as the leader of the 'ation ruled every aspect

of life. he concept of 'azi$s leadership is closely related to totalitarianism 7concept

where the absolute highest position is on the hand of one leader. 9Macridis% 177%

1C:.

he ideology of 'eo6'azi is the genealogy of 'azism that had been

influenced by many beliefs, ideology and other factors, like being described in the

scheme below.

7otalitarianism is dictatorship, despotism, absolutism, tyranny, autocracy, authoritarianism, that 'azi

regime often consider as one of totalitarianism e*ample.

2


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Source: http:33---.publiceye.org

he 'eo6'azism is surely influenced by the 'azi, so they have similarities

among them. he most specific similarities among those two are racism, the concept

of master race and anti6-emitism. Moreover, the 'azi concept of leadership was also

used by the 'eo6'azi, for e*ample in the American 'azi Party which have George

0incoln (ockwell as the American #uhrer for their leader. he 'eo6'azism also has

the same fundamental believes which are% "rrationalism, -ocial &arwinism,

'ationalism, -tate, 0eadership principal, Anti6


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(acism. )oth 'azism and 'eo6'azism were clearly racial, those two agreed about

the concept of Lmaster race$ and Lracial supremacy$, which argued that only the

highest race, deserves to live in the world 9!eywood% 177% 1C?:. "n his book, Mein

Kampf14, !itler describes racial purity as an Liron law of 'ature$ where the 'azi

believed that biological purity was the key to racial greatness and fear of inter6

marriage would pollute the pure race of their 'ation 9!itler% 174;:.

!owever, among those similarities there were also some differences stated the

line between them. he 'eo6'azis concerns were mostly about the immigration on

their country that later caused unemployment. he 'eo6'azi did not have a high

priority of 'ationalism. )esides, the background and causes of German 'azi and

American 'eo6'azi emergence were different.

!istorically, the 'eo6'azi emerged in America in17?2Os, while racism still

became the unsolved problem in America and the world was still coming to terms

with the !olocaust and fighting


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ideology with :.

0ater on 17C2s, 'azi6-kinhead appeared on the streets of America. his

movement was originally from the /nited 8ingdom,which was the revival of the

skinhead subculture11, which had originally died out in 174, came as a sort of

backlash against the commercialization of punk1 9Marshall% 22?% >:. he 'azi6

-kinhead invested their music, style, and culture to the American youth and other

11 -kinhead subculture is one of a group of young white men with closely6cropped or shaven hair,characterized by e*treme right6wing views and aggressive behavior.

1 Punks are youth movement of the late 1742s, characterized by loud aggressive rock music,

confrontational attitudes, body piercing, and unconventional hairstyles, makeup, and clothing

;
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1967http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Socialist_White_People's_Partyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aryan_Nationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aryan_Brotherhoodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aryan_Brotherhoodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Alliancehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NSM88http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_Aryan_Resistancehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_Aryan_Resistancehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdomhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skinheadhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1972http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1967http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Socialist_White_People's_Partyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aryan_Nationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aryan_Brotherhoodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aryan_Brotherhoodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Alliancehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NSM88http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_Aryan_Resistancehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_Aryan_Resistancehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdomhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skinheadhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1972


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American 'eo6'azi organizations. Moreover, the /. - department of ustice also

stated that the 'azi skinhead imported into the /nited -tates 'eo6'azi in the early

17C2s by powerfull long time right wing advocated. -ome scholars have argued,

however, that the political environment in the /nited -tates during this period was

ripen for political unrest and encouraged violent attack on minorities, especially

during the establishment era of (onald (eagan 9Ma*well% 17% 177;:. )esides, !amm,

a leading e*pert on youth hate groups1;contended that the ideology of (onald (eagan

was profoundly affected the white youth in the 17C2s. According to !amm 9177;:%

he social and political of the (eagan era seems to have produced

conditions conductive to e*treme alienation caused certain belief,and commit hare crimes1>3 usually with baseball bats, work boots,

guns or knives.

As the result of this, the mainstream media started to label the whole skinhead

style as the 'eo6'azi. "n the late 17C2s, the 'eo6'azi group and organization had

became well organize and responsible for many violent actions in the future.

1;!ate group is the name for every racist organization3 include 'eo6'azi, 888 and others.1>!ate crime is the crimes pr violent actions that done by the hate groups, including the 'eo6'azi.

>
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nazismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nazism


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Source: Klan-acth0 the #ation Maga%ine0 Page 56$147. 8uly 19th36rd0 1;;4.

he picture above is produced by the 8lanwatch Proect of the -outhern

Poverty 0aw


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record company, @ shows, weekly magazine and official site to help them spread

their propaganda 9'ation Magazine% 0anger% 1772% C>:.

Moreover, the picture above shows the spreading of the 'eo6'azi groups and

other white supremacist groups that also have same goal, share same ideas and

cooperate with the 'eo6'azi groups. hose groups are% 8lu 8lu* 8lan1?, this is a

group which has been E'azifiedH, it means that they began to have the same goals,

share same ideas and mutually cooperate with the 'eo6'azi. Posse


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CHA&TER #

ANALYSIS.

#. 1. The C*ses /3 Ne/-N*


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T*56e 1

Resi2e4 &/=6*4i/ 5y R*+e *2 S=*ish Oii> ?19!0 Cess@

(ace 'umber

5hite 1CC.;4.222

)lack .>7?.22

American "ndian 1.>2.>22

.422

apanese 421.22

Asian "ndian ;1.?22

8orean ;?>.22

@ietnamese 1.422=ther (ace .777.22

-panish =rigin 1>.27.222

otal .?>.222redi)son: 1;57:16?.

#rom the table above, it can be seen that the white race has been the maority

race in the /nited -tates in 17C2 and they still maintain until now. Moreover, it also

shows that the black people were the minority and their numbers did not even reach

half of the whites. he table also shows the variety of race that lives in the /nited

-tates, which automatically made the /nited -tates as a multi6racial nation.

"n fact, even though the number of white race is higher than other races, in the

average of American poverty by race, the white race has the lowest percentage of

poverty. As being describe on the table below%

T*56e

&es/s Be6/; 4he O33i+i*6 &/e4y Lee6

C


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(ace

+ear

5hite )lack -panish =ther

(aces

17C2 12.Q ;.?Q ?.4Q 1;Q

17C; 1.Q ;?.4Q C.1Q 1?.;Q

17C? 11.>Q ;1.;Q 7.2Q 1>.2Q

Source: Statistical (bstract of the =nited States0 1;59 >redi)son: 1;57: 19?.

"n writer$s opinion, this fact also cocked the 'eo6'azi hatred of other races

because they considered the other race only brought poverty, stupidity and wasted the

-tates$ money for their welfare. Moreover, the 'eo6'azi thought that multi6racial

nation was a mess system which was unfair for them. hey think that while the poor

non6white was grabbing their ta*es, the rich and educated non6white stole their

opportunity to play role in some aspects of life.

As what has been discussed in the previous chapter, the 'eo6'azis hoped to

build a global movement by relying on the central element of racism, which is to

create a doctrine of white supremacy in all over places with substantial populations of

white people like /nited -tates. "n fact, American racism began since the early

colonial time, when the African )lack people were forcedly brought to America to

become slaves. After the abolishment of slavery in 1C2, the unsatisfied white people

refused to live side by side with the )lack Americans. his made them still lived in

racism. "n 172s, the


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made black, as the second6class citizens, not be able to share school, restaurant, seat

in the bus or others public facilities in America, mostly the southern -tates. ven

though the


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he American liberalism and freedom of speech were also the factor of 'eo6

'azi emergence in the /nited -tates. he American society had been lived with the

concept of democracy since their independent on uly >, 144. "n America and other

countries, democracy is a political system in which the people of a country rule

through any form of government they choose to establish 9C:. "n

modern democracy, supreme authority is run by the representatives of people who are

elected by general election. &emocracy allows people to have freedom to speak and

create any kind of organization. "n America, this concept is known as Ci"il liberties0

and it is used to guarantee the freedom of speech, press, religion3 the process of law3

and to other limitations on the power of the state to restrain or dictate the actions of

individuals 9ncarta% 22:.

"n the writer$s opinion, the concept of liberty and freedom of speech seem to

misused by some of American citizen. "n the early of 'eo6'azi emergence in

America, George 0incoln (ockwell founded the American 'azi Party based on the

American concept of liberty and freedom of speech where citizens were allowed in

oining and making an organization.

Moreover, as the writer has discussed in the previous chapter, the 'eo6'azi

was still gaining huge number of members on its organization and developed official

net6sites, magazines, @ shows, etcetera that can easily consumed by the public. "n

;1


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addition, the American concept of liberty also enabled 'eo6'azi to spread their

movement became legal 9'ation Magazine% 0anger% C% 1772:.

(elated to the subculture theory, that states, Ea subculture e*isted where there

is some form of organized recognized constellation of values, behavior and action

which is responded to as differing from the prevailing set of norms.H9)rake% 17C?%

>:. he theory is suitable with the causes of the 'eo6'azi emergence. "t is because

the writer sees that the e*istence of 'eo6'azi subculture in America has already been

well organized since the American 'azi Party was founded. 0ater the other 'eo6'azi

organizations become widely spread by using net6sites, magazines, @ shows and

label record company. Moreover, the writer finds that the e*istence of the 'eo6'azi is

also a response to the disagreement about anti6racist policy in America and the

American heterogeneous societies.

#. . The I36e+e /3 Ne/-N*


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-ince one definition of subculture is% Fsubcultures are meaning systems,

modes of e*pression or life styles developed by groups in subordinate structural

positions in response to dominant meaning systems, and which reflect their attempt to

solve structural contradictions rising from the wider societal conte*tF 9)arker% 22?%

1>4:, the writer saw the 'eo6'azi subculture also created modes of e*pression or life

styles which gave influences to the American youth society. hese influences were in

the emerging of hate music, the rising of new style and the formation of violent

behavior, which finally resulted in the acceptance of the 'eo6'azism by the

American youths.

#. . 1. The E7ee+e /3 H*4e 7si+.

Along with the development of the 'eo6'azi movement, the !ate music has

became an instrument in the formation of the 'eo6'azi subculture.=riginally, the

!ate music came from the )ritish -kinhead group where a )ritish singer "an -tuart

&onaldson transformed himself and his band, S)re-dri"er, into the e*plicit promoters

of racism and white supremacy, and later it was known as the !ate music. his music

rapidly began to increase its hold among young racists around the world. 5hen "an

-tuart &onaldson died in an auto accident in 177;, he became an icon of !ate music

in both )ritish and America.

;;


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"n 1772s, there were many !ate music bands e*isted, such as ew -laughter

9=regon:, Angry Aryans 9&etroit:, Ma* (esist, Aggressive #orce 9


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Records thought that the best target audience of these free


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uropean countries for e*ample in Germany, where white supremacist lyrics

e*plicitly may be illegal. 0ike lyrics below%

)rowntown )urning &own

)y Angry Aryan

&riving through the city, blackened ghetto is all you see

&irect result of permitting the niggers to run free

hey destroy their own community and shoot each other downAbandoned homes are torched to ashes

"nner Bulu tribal clashes

)rowntown burning down


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(acially &ebased

)y Angry Aryan

he mud brown child thatOs been given birth

he beating of your life is what it is worth

o satisfy your lust, well, you never did care+our baby was born a mongrel, with African hairR

he culprit of producing a maleficient race

5e will soon dispose of your shameless disgrace

+our villainous contempt is really well understood+our futile cries of mercy will do ya no goodR

+ou had to be se*ually e*plored by countless black men

+ou continue to abide by this horrible trend

#ear strickened eyes are drenched with tears

+our feeble pleas will only fall upon deaf ears

My !ands are around your neck

+our error is mine to correct

he air slowly dwindles away

+our defiled body, on the ground it laysSource: ---.a%lyrics.com

Moreover, the song E(acially &ebasedH by the Angry Aryans also closely relates

with racism. "n this song, the Angry Aryans tells about a woman who gives birth to a child

that has a )lack father that they assume she makes a mistake in doing that. Additionally, in

the lyrics that says% The mud bro-n child that+s been gi"en birth&, they name the mi* blood

child as the mud blood to e*press they dislike the child. he lyrics that says% our error is

mine to correct& shows that the woman really does a mistake in doing that.

5hite Power

)y% -krewdriver

" stand watch my country, going down the drain

5e are all at fault, we are all to blame

5eOre letting them takeover, we ust let Oem come

=nce we had an mpire, and now weOve got a slum

5hite PowerR #orever

5hite PowerR oday

5hite PowerR #orever

;4


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)efore it gets too late

5ell weOve seen a lot of riots, we ust sit and scoff

5eOve seen a lot of muggings, and the udges let Oem off

5ell weOve gotta do something, to try and stop the rot

And the traitors that have used us, they should all be shot

middle eight%Are we gonna sit and let them comeJ

!ave they got the 5hite man on the runJ

Multi6racial society is a mess

5e ainOt gonna take much more of this

5hat do we needJ

5ell if we donOt win our battle, and all does not go well

"tOs apocalypse for )ritain, and weOll see you all in hellSource: ---.a%lyrics.com

#urthermore, the song E5hite PowerH by the -crewdriver tells about the 'eo6

'azi ways of life and philosophy. "n the lyrics: B stand -atch my country0 going

do-n the drain $ ,e are all at fault0 -e are all to blame $ ,e+re letting them ta)eo"er0

-e Dust let +em come&shows their reection and disagreement to the multi6cultural

society that allows other races to come and live in their country. hen the lyrics that

says% ,hite Po-er/ ore"er $ ,hite Po-er/ Today $ ,hite Po-er/ ore"er $ Eefore

it gets too late&shows the pride of becoming whites. Additionally, the lyrics% ,ell

-e+"e gotta do something0 to try and stop the rot $ (nd the traitors that ha"e used us0

they should all be shot $ middle eight: $ (re -e gonna sit and let them comeF $ Ha"e

they got the ,hite man on the runF $ Multi$racial society is a mess $ ,e ain+t gonna

ta)e much more of this $ ,hat do -e needF $ ,ell if -e don+t -in our battle0 and all

;C


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does not go -ell $ Bt+s apocalypse for Eritain0 and -e+ll see you all in hell& clearly

shows their challenge to the youth in doing !ate crime.

According to the writer$s perspective, the !ate music gives the maor

contribution to attract the American youth into their movement. "n fact, most of the

young people have great attraction to the music. -pecifically, for the American

youths, the music is the most important aspect of their lives and the most phenomenal

media to e*press their feelings, thoughts and ideas. Actually, some of the young

people feel that they are being abandoned by their family who are too busy in

working or earning money for living. o them, music is a great answer to entertain

them selves. Moreover, the 'eo6'azi uses the !ate music to gain and maintain their

membership. -ince the genre of !ate music is related to punk, rock and hard core,

which are usually liked by the mostly youth in 1772s, the !ate music becomes easily

accepted by the American youths. "n addition, the writer sees that the !ate music was

also used as a tool for the 'eo6'azi to insert their ideology to the youths.

#urthermore, the !ate music lyrics inspired many youths to do the violent

actions. his !ate music gave influence toward the young people not only in their

behavior, clothes and style, but also in the way they thought about racism.

Additionally, the !ate music also had become an important source of income

for the 'eo6'azis. Mostly, they received a substantial amount and even the maority

;7


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of their funding from the distribution of the !ate music, the promotion of the !ate

music concerts, and the selling of accessories and clothing. he significant portions

of these materials were distributed in urope, even in countries where they might be

illegal.

(elated to the theory, the writer concluded that the !ate music was one of the

form of organize recognized constellation of values, behavior and action which

develop by the 'eo6'azi subculture. Moreover, the !ate music as one form of the

'eo6'azi influenced not only use to insert the 'eo6'azi ideology but also used to

inspired the youth in doing the !ate crime and to keep influencing the youth to oin

the 'eo6'azi subculture.

#. . . The F/7*4i/ /3 i/6e+e 5eh*i/.

he violent behavior that was done by the 'eo6'azi was well known as the

!ate crime1C. he !ate crime is also unilaterally condemned as unustified attack on

an individual$s or group$s right to live and act with diversity in pluralistic or multi6

cultural society 9Ma*well% 177?% :. -ince its e*istence, the 'eo6'azi had been

responsible for many violent actions toward the )lacks, ews and others non6white

immigrants in America. #or e*ample, &avid Michaels mentions in his paper entitled

#eo$#a%i Terrorism0 some violence incidents done by the 'eo6'azi%

1C!ate crime is the crimes and violence that motivated by one, hatred toward another$s real or

perceived race , religion, se*ual oriented or other innate characteristic.

>2


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ES.three bombs e*ploded in spring 1777, targeting the

capital$s black, Asian and gay communities, the threat of neo6

'azi terrorism finally seemed to have become a reality. S.#arfrom being a loner as he was initially portrayed, &avid

1


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convinced them that violence against their enemy 9non white: was not only ustified

but also righteously necessary.

Moreover, the American youth saw the 'eo6'azi not only as subculture but

also as an ideology that could influenced its members and society around them. )eing

a 'eo6'azi was obviously being a racist that held on Emaster raceH concept. his

philosophy guided the members of the 'eo6'azi, which mostly the youth in doing

!ate crime which were those violent actions.

hird, the !ate music also influenced them in doing those violent actions. he

lyrics that consist of racial hatred and invitation to do crime that persuade them to so.

hen genre of the !ate music which increased the youth$s adrenaline also became

other cock in doing violence.

(elated to the theory, the writer sees that the form of organized recognized

constellation of values, behavior and action develop by group in subordinated

structural positions in response to dominant meaning systems which can be also seen

in their violent behavior. his violent behavior cooked by many causes such as% the

'eo6'azi propaganda, the 'eo6'azi demand to their members which mostly the

youth to do those violent actions.

#. . 8. The Risi /3 * Ne; S4y6e.

>


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People$s personalities could be reflected in their appearance of fashion. ach

person had their own characteristics in the fashion to symbolize who they are. 'eo6

'azi subculture had its own style to identify their members among other groups or

gangs. he most significant style of the 'eo6'azis was baldhead. )esides, the 'eo6

'azis had their own style in clothing which was mostly influenced by the )ritish

-kinhead 9Marshall% 22?% ;4:. hose styles are% brandedbutton6up or polo shirts,

tailored suits to events such as soul dances or ska concerts, favors tonic suits 9also

known as shark6skin suits:, so named for the shiny material, MA61 type #light

ackets9popular brands include 5arrior and Alpha: in black or sage green3 blue

denim ackets 90evi or 5rangler:3 !arrington ackets3 Monkey ackets3 length coats3 &onkey ackets,Men% )lue 0eviOs or 5rangler

eans, straight leg with rolled cuffs 9turn6ups: to show off the boots, often with the

seam cut off and sewn to give a neater, flatter turn6up, and FproperlyF fitted3 -ta6Prest

flat6fronted slacks and other trousers3 bleachers 9eans splattered with household

bleach to resemble camouflage trousers:, and the most important was )oots,

originally regular army or work boots, and also rilbyhats3pork pie hats3 scaly caps,H

flat capsF or a driverOs caps 95ikipedia% 22:. hose features can be seen in the

picture below%

>;
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flight_Jackethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flight_Jackethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harrington_jackethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crombie_(brand)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donkey_jackethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levi'shttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wrangler_Jeanshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sta-Presthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bootshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trilbyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pork_pie_hatshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flight_Jackethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flight_Jackethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harrington_jackethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crombie_(brand)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donkey_jackethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levi'shttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wrangler_Jeanshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sta-Presthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bootshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trilbyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pork_pie_hats


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Source: ---.mad"ideo.ch3medias3neo$na%i.Dpg

hose features were meant to symbolize tough, patriotic, anti6immigrant and

working6class attitudes, as discussed in previous chapter. he American 'eo6'azi

thought that those styles were suitable for them.

"n the writer$s opinion, those features were also connected to their ideology.

5ith those kinds of clothes and wears, they could show the 5hite Power by showing

their Aryans body on those tights shirt and eans. )esides, their threatening style of

dress was ust one way in which they e*pressed their hatred toward )lacks, ews,

gays and other minority groups. #urthermore, their look was important for them.

>>
http://www.madvideo.ch/medias/neo-nazi.jpghttp://www.madvideo.ch/medias/neo-nazi.jpg


45/53

)eing 'eo6'azi was not ust the way to dress6 it is an entire way of life. Moreover,

their styles gave them a sense of power, belonging and superiority over others. "t also

indicated that they want to create an atmosphere in which violence was the norm.

&ealing with the subculture theory, the writer sees that the form of organized

recognized constellation of values, behavior and action develop by group in

subordinated structural positions in response to dominant meaning systems can be

seen in their !ate music, their violence behavior and their style which reflected the

racist ideology of 'eo6'azi. Moreover, we could see that the !ate music, the violent

behavior and the style were the form of their resistance in the American Anti6racist

and American motto% Ethe melting potH, Ethe salad bowlH and Ethe pizzaH.

>?


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CHA&TER "

CONCLUSION

After the collapse of the 'azi regime, some people still admire and are

inspired by the 'azi philosophy and concept brought at that time. "n 1772s, the 'eo6

'azi had emerged and had been structurally organized in America and became a

subculture where the members were mostly the youths.

he writer finds that there were several maor causes which became the

reasons why the 'eo6'azi emerged in America. he first, the writer finds that it was

due to the facts that the America is a multi6racial country, so that the 'eo6'azi$s

hatred toward other races grows. he second was that historically America had

already having trouble with racism problem for a long time. he problems of fascism

have rooted in the past and still e*isted in the American society. he American liberty

which allows people to make and oin any organization that they think right made the

'eo6'azi became big and well organized organization in America.

Additionally, the writer finds that the 'eo6'azi emergence and movement

gave many influences to the American youth. hose influences were in the emergence

of hate music, the rising of new style and the formation of violent behaviors which all

reflected the 'eo6'azi ideology, 'eo6'azism.

>


47/53

he first influence was the emergence of the !ate music. he 'eo6'azi

spread the !ate music into youth society and used it as a tool to influence others, gain

more members, gain income and the most important was to insert their ideology to

the youth. he second influence was the rising of new style which was influenced

from the )ritish -kinhead that later became their identity. his style also reflected

their ideology and philosophy that they thought that they were the master race. he

third one was the 'eo6'azi led the youth to do the violence behavior and do the !ate

crime toward other races who also live in America. his violent behavior was

influenced by hate music and their way of dress or their style.

At last, the writer concludes that those 'eo6'azi$s influences had brought

their ideology and reawake the racism to the youths in American society. he 'eo6

'azi also spread the hatred among American youth toward other races.

>4


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BIBLIO$RA&HY

Afrizal, MA, &(. 22?. Pengantar Metode Penelitian 8ualitatif% dari pengertian

sampai penulisan laporan. Padang% 0aboratoruim -osiologi #"-"P6/niversitas

Andalas.

)arker,


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http%NNen.wikipedia, 22?. he free encyclopedia. -ubculture heory.

"lham, Muhammad. 22. a paper:asismeH. Padang% #"-"P6 /niversitas Andalas.

arman, . 0. 17>. he (ise and #all of 'azi Germany. 'ew +ork% -ignet )ook.

0anger, linor. 1772. an article: he American 'eo6'azi Movement odayH. he

'ation Magazine, Page C6124. uly 1thN;rd, 1772. 'ation . Popular 7
http://www.ict.org.il/http://www.ict.org.il/


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hrasher, #.M. 174. he Gang.


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A==e2i:

Ne/-N*


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THE NEO-NAZI IN HATE MUSIC CONCERT

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THE NEO-NAZI &RO&A$AN%A OF HATE

the influence of neo-nazism to american youth movement in 1990s

Documents