The Industrial

Revolution

8.11 B Describe the positive and negative consequences of human modification of physical environment of the United States

8.27A Explain the effects of technological and scientific innovations such as the steamboat, cotton gin and interchangeable parts

8.27B Analyze the impact of transportation and communication systems on the growth, development, and urbanization of the United States

Before Notes/ readingY/N

After Notes/ ReadingY/N

A revolution always has a positive outcome

Someone loses power during a revolution

Every revolution is a war

A revolution may result in the birth of a new nation

What is a revolution?(not in note packet)

Turn to your shoulder partner, state what you think it is.

Revolution(not in note packet)

an overthrow or repudiation and the thorough replacement of an established government or political system by the people governed

a sudden, complete or marked change in something

Red/Black Text BookClass will read pages 346-348

What was it?(not in note packet)

the change from an agricultural society to industrial because new factories in the

northeast states

Industrial Revolution(not in note packet)The Industrial Revolution started in the late 1760 in Britain and spread to the United States as an effect of the War of 1812.

STOPComplete response in note packet. What was the Industrial Revolution?

Why did it begin the Northeast?Respond in NOTE PACKET!

1. New England had poor soil for farming2. Northeast has many rivers =

waterpower for factories3. NE had port cities for shipping to

other states and across the Atlantic4. Subsistence farmers were willing to

move to the citiesADD NUMBER FOR YOU YOUR NOTES

Respond in NOTE PACKET!The Industrial Revolution occurred

because of…FREE ENTERPRISE – people are

free to buy, sell, own, and produce products as well as work wherever they choose

The government had few regulations to control the economy.

(Class discussion) What are regulations?

Class Activity-Not in Note Packet1.On your white boards, each group

write at least one regulation that you think is BAD either from either the 1800’s or present day.

2.As a team, write at least one regulation you think is GOOD in either present day or the 1800’s on your white boards.

(not in note packet)The Industrial Revolution required the invention of new machines and technology – which is scientific discoveries that simplify work.

1.You will now each get a sheet of paper to draw and explain in invention that you might have created back in the 1800’s or now having to do with machines/technology.

2.We need at least 2 volunteers to share their invention with the Sharks of Shark Tank.

Shark Tank-Class ActivityNot in note packet

Class DiscussionNot in note packet

Congress created patents to protect inventors’ new inventions from being copied.How would it be fair if the Sharks kept your invention without any compensation or without your permission?

Reference note packet!

Consider what America would be like if we didn’t have patents.

Write 4 complete sentences on how you perceive the nation would be different without

them?

Respond in NOTE PACKET!Ultimately, the Industrial Revolution occurred as a combination of the following events:

Rise of the factory system

Use of steam power

Mass production of goods

IndustrialRevolution

The Cotton Gin

Eli Whitney invented the cotton gin, which was a simple machine that quickly and efficiently removed seeds from cotton. Farm production increased dramatically.

Eli Whitney’s Cotton Gin, 1791Respond in NOTE PACKET!

Cotton became more profitable = an increase in the need for slave labor

Removed seeds from cotton

Not in note packet!The Industrial Revolution began in the textile industry, but soon transferred to other industries. Work shifted from homes to factories, where workers could be supervised and where water and steam power could be used to run machines

FactoriesRespond in note packet

Factory System – a system bringing manufacturing steps together under one roof or in one place. Most employees were women and children working LONG hours.

Activity (not notes)Each team will be given a

different color strip of paper and will start with one team and go in order to mass produce a chain, each doing a different part.

Francis Lowell- opened the Lowell factory in Massachusetts. Employed mostly young girls to work in difficult conditions for long hours and low wages.

These conditions had an impact on the child labor laws theU.S. has today.

REPOND IN NOTES-Laws Necessary?

Lowell Mill

Irish Immigrant Girls at Lowell

1836 First state child labor law

Massachusetts requires children under 15 working in factories to attend school at least 3 months/year

New Development – Interchangeable Parts (note packet)

Interchangeable parts – identical machine parts that could be quickly put together to make a complete product

Note packet

Importance of Interchangeable parts

Allowed for mass production of a variety

of goodsso…

prices were reduced

Note PacketEli Whitney & Interchangeable Parts

Could build 10 different rifles from these pieces

Note Packettextile industries -factories

that produced clothing and cloth items from cotton; located in North

Early Textile Loom

New EnglandTextile

Centers:

1830s

The Cotton Gin’s Impact on SlaveryNote PacketThe demand for southern cotton grew

dramatically because of the cotton gin and the increased number of textile mills in the north that needed cotton

more northern textile mills =

more southern slaves!

DELETE SLIDE IN NOTESDelete in notes “Farming During the Industrial Revolution”

StopAmerica Story of Us

Division minute 7-23 minutes

Note PacketFive Common Problems of Early Cities1.Streets and sidewalks unpaved & animals roaming freely

2.Pollution fromfactories

3. No sewers

4. Diseases easily spread due to poor sanitation

5. Fires spread easily due to close quarters and few fire companies

Note PacketThe Census and Population

Census – officially counts the population of the U.S. every 10 years

The first census occurred in 1790 and the population of the United States was nearly 4 million

The 1790 Census

Note Packet-First CensusMost of the population lived east

of the Appalachian Mountains and within a few hundred miles of the Atlantic coast

By 1820, the population reached 10 million with 2 million living west of the Appalachian Mountains

Thought Spot (respond in notes)Look at the population maps

from 1820 and 1860.What were the U.S. largest cities in 1820?

What were the U.S. largest cities in 1860?

U.S. Population Centers in 1820

U.S. Population Centers in 1860

National Road, 1818-1838

TransportationIn Notes

Because the nation needed good inland roads for travel and for the shipment of goods, private companies built turnpikes or toll roads

Fees paid to use these roads were used for construction and upkeep of the roads

“Pay to use the road!”

In Notes

The National Road was approved by Congress in 1806 that connected the east with the west. The first section opened in 1818, connecting Maryland to western Virginia. Years later, it ended in Illinois. The National Road made the migration of people easier.

Pros & Cons to River Travel (note not in notes)

More comfortable than horse & buggy

Get ALL goods on barges & float direction of current

Most rivers ran north & south BUT…most people traveling to the west!

Upstream against current slow

In notesClipper ShipsMoved quickly through waters –

“clipped” time off the trip across the Atlantic

The SteamboatIn notes

Robert Fulton developed the first steamboat in 1807; named “Clermont”

Early steamboats easily blew up because there were no regulations on who could run steamboats and the boilers that created steam had no safety valve to stop overheating and slow pressure

America Story of US-Westward

Minute 42-44

Robert Fulton and the SteamboatIn notes Steamboat Effects: improved transport

goods & people on inland rivers

economic productivity (ship goods – faster, easier, cheaper)

helped river cities grow – St. Louis

The Clermont – 1807

CanalsIn notes

Canal – an artificial (man-made) waterway The first canal was the 363 mile Erie Canal

connecting Albany, New York on the Hudson River to Buffalo, New York on Lake Erie. It was completed on October 26, 1825.

Erie Canal – 1825

In notesCanals Continued…

Three results of the increase in canals in the U.S. between 1825 and 1850:

1. Canals lowered the cost of shipping goods

2. Brought prosperity (money) to towns along their routes

3. Helped unite the growing country

TheRailroadsConnectAmerica!

1830 1830 13 miles of track 13 miles of track 1850 1850 9000 mi. of RR track 9000 mi. of RR track 18601860 31,000 mi. 31,000 mi.

The “Iron Horse” 1830

In notesThe Railroad Revolution, 1850sImmigrants

built the northern railroads

Slaves built the southern railroads

America Story of US-Division

Minute 1-7 minutes

Not in NotesAmericans had strong allegiance to the region of the US they lived in – Westerners, Southerners, or NorthernersLeads to problems known as

Sectionalism-Coming Unit!

Sectionalism Disagreements Among North And South-Last Note SLIDE not in notes!1. Slavery2. Need for tariffs3. States’ rights4. Internal improvements (paying

for the improvements in U.S. transportation systems)