The Industrial Revolution

SSWH15 The student will be able to describe the impact of industrializationa. Analyze the process and impact of industrialization in England, Germany and urbanization and its affect on women.

The Pre-Industrial Era

• most people were farmers, high infant mortality• in Europe 25% of people lived in cities• public land for farming• villages were self-sufficient

Early Industries• in Europe: coal, glass, iron, clothes• making wool was second biggest industry

behind farming in Great Britain• demand for wool led to the creation of the

domestic system (division of labor), which then spread to other industries

• this allowed people to have an income outside of farming

• extra money was spent on the goods artisans made

Beginning of the Industrial Revolution• in Britain wealthy

pushed the enclosure movement, supported by Parliament

• this allowed land owners to take over and fence off land

• this forced small farmers into the city

The Industrial Revolution began in Great Britain:

England had..• capital• natural resources• large labor supply

Industry in England• textile industry was one of the first to become mechanized in

Britain• this created a huge demand for cotton imports from America• Eli Whitney’s invention the cotton gin helped meet this demand• production needed to be centralized; thus the factory system

(brings workers and machines together under the control of managers) was introduced

• other industries included: steamboats (Fulton), steel (Bessemer process), roads, canals

The Spread of the Industrial Revolution

• wealthy industrialists decided to cease restrictions on the spread of machines and skilled workers to other countries

• other countries the revolution spread to were: France, Germany, United States

• big businesses were an important part of industrial growth• mass production, interchangeable parts, division of labor,

scientific management, assembly line all aided in the growth of big business

• corporations were formed and capital was generated by selling stocks

• businesses began to specialize in certain commodities • business cycles began to emerge: boom and bust

Science and Industry• telegraph, radio,

telephone, electricity all invented during this time

• all these inventions facilitated globalization

Social Effects of Industrialization

• social mobility caused the emergence of the middle class

• middle class lifestyle: domestic servants, men work, women stay at home

• disposable income led to people buying goods for the first time instead of relying on neighbors or self

http://www.nytimes.com/2010/01/31/fashion/31smell.html?sudsredirect=truehttp://www.slate.com/id/34963/http://www.asicentral.com/asp/open/content/content.aspx?id=2260

Working in the Factory

• factory conditions were sub-optimal• poor pay• poor hours• poor working conditions

• the issue of child labor was a hot topic• urban areas provided bad living conditions for immigrants

Labor Unions

• poor factory conditions led to labor unions• in Britain, unions were banned • at the end of the 1800s strikes and labor unions

were legalized• the unions then spread worldwide