the industrial revolution
TRANSCRIPT
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The Industrial Revolution
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Europe in the 18th Century: Background to Revolution
Paradigm Shifts
Population growth
Agricultural Revolution
Class Divisions
Global War
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Foundations of the Industrial Revolution
Agricultural Revolution
Population Growth◦ Enclosure System in Great Britain
Concentrated Markets
Atlantic – centered economy
Money and banking
Political stability
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Human Capital
Peasants = large, semi-skilled work force
Putting out system:
InefficientSlow
Failure of the putting out system led to rise of industry
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The Rise of Industry - Late 1700’sEntrepreneurs
Inventors
Consumers
Technological advancement
Resources
Mass production
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The Rise of Industry Spinning Jenny
◦ James Hargreaves - 1764
Steam engine◦ James Watt - 1765
Canals ◦ Steamboat – 1774 (first successful boat)◦ Robert Fulton
Made commercial use of steamboats popular
Railroads - 1829◦ George Stephenson◦ Urbanization ◦ Nationalism
Steam Engine
Spinning Jenny
Rocket Locomotive
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Spread of Industrialization
Great Britain◦Industrial Revolution began here◦50 year monopoly
◦The Crystal Palace
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The Second Industrial Revolution
Second Industrial Revolution◦Around 1850
◦United States◦Germany
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Industrial SocietyMaterial Benefits
Migration
Urbanization◦Living conditions
Gender Relations
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Industrial Society Upward social mobility
Bourgeoisie - (in Marxist theory) the class that, in contrast to the proletariat or wage-earning class, is primarily concerned with property values.
Proletariat - (in Marxist theory) the class of workers, esp. industrial wage earners, who do not possess capital or property and must sell their labor to survive.
Working conditions◦ Resistance◦ Reform
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Socialism Karl Marx
◦ History propelled forward by class struggles.
◦ Capitalism is to blame for social problems. Industry is good Unequal distribution of wealth is bad
◦ The last struggle will be between the bourgeoisie and the proletariat.
◦ The proletariat will seize the means of production and the result will be a classless / stateless society. Everyone will be equal
Utopian