the importance of accurate elevations & case studies edward carlson pacific region geodetic...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: The Importance of Accurate Elevations & Case Studies Edward Carlson Pacific Region Geodetic Advisor National Geodetic Survey Ed.Carlson@noaa.gov (808)](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649f3e5503460f94c5ef5d/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
The Importance of Accurate Elevations
&Case Studies
Edward CarlsonPacific Region Geodetic Advisor
National Geodetic Survey [email protected]
(808) 532-3205
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• The ability to establish highly accurate horizontal positions has become much simpler in the last 10 years.
– Full constellation of GPS satellites.– More affordable GPS receivers and software.– Establishment of statewide HARNs.– Proliferation of the national CORS network.
ESTABLISHING HORIZONTAL POSITIONS
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ESTABLISHING VERTICAL POSITIONS
• Unlike the horizontal component, establishing accurate elevations is becoming increasingly more difficult.
– Reduction in the number of benchmarks.– Loss of accuracy of benchmarks over time.– Unavailability of benchmarks for GPS
observations.
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PROBLEMS WITH VERTICAL NETWORK
• Major problem is land development and construction activities, destroying an estimated 40 percent (or more) of the existing monuments.
• Many existing vertical monuments are not well-suited for GPS observations…– Tree canopies.– Walls of buildings.– Urban canyons.
• In some counties… the problem is much worse.
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CHARLESTON BRIDGE PROJECT
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PURPOSE
Determine the precise “AIR GAP” of the bridges(distance at Mean High Water and the bottom of the bridge)
METHODS TO BE USED
• GPS• Trig-Leveling• Classical Leveling
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MOUNTING THE ANTENNAS
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TRIG-LEVELING
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GPS OCCUPATION
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CLASSICAL LEVELING
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CHARLESTON BRIDGE NETWORKC 69 TBM SILE
ARPHOLLINS
10 012
TIDAL 13
CBPA CHA1CORS
NAVD88 Bench Mark
Temporary (Project) CORS
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BOTTOM OF GPS ANTENNA
BOTTOM OF BRIDGE
MEAN HIGH WATER
GPS ANTENNA
NAVD88 BM
h (Determined by GPS)
HI (Determined by trig-leveling)
HGPSBotBr
MHW
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COMPARISION OF
ORTHOMETRIC HEIGHTSNAVD88
GPS METHOD
HGPSANT = 65.211 m
TRIG-LEVELING
HGPSANT = 65.203 m
DIFFERENCE = 0 .8 cm
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Relating the ship to the bottom of the channel,
shoreline, and docking areas
Determining the vertical clearances for large vessels navigating beneath bridges
MARINE APPLICATIONS
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HAMILTON AIR FORCE BASE
To assist in making vertical geographical representation for the wetlands restoration.
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EXISTING NAVD88
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HAMILTON AFB CONTROL POINTS
#S
#S
#S
#S
M 1393F 466
C
HPGN D CA 04 J E
941 5252 D
941 5126 D
#S
#S
San Pablo Bay
Project Area
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ORTHO PHOTO OVERLAID ON DITIGAL ELEVATION MODEL(DEM)
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DETERMINING GPS ORTHOMETRIC
HEIGHTS FOR THE MAUI PUMPING WELLS
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PROBLEM
TWO DIFFERENT MEASURING POINT ELEVATIONS FOR THE KANOA WELLIN THE WAIHEE AQUIFER SECTOR
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KNOWNS
LEVELING TO 1/100th OF A FOOT WAS DONE TO EACH WELL
UNKNOWNS
1. WHAT BENCH MARK WAS USED.2. HOW WAS THE BENCH MARK DETERMINED.3. HOW GOOD IS THE BENCH MARK WHEN LEVELING DONE.
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PROJECT AREA
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MAUI WELLS SITES&
NGSBENCH MARKS
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G
G
%%
%% G
%
%
%
G
G
%
%
G
%
% G
%
%
%
%%%
¯0 8 164 Miles
Geodetic Reference Locations
% Well Location
G Geodetic Bench Mark
MAUI WELLS SITES&
RECOVERED BM
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G
G
%
%
%
%G
%
G
%
%
%G
%
%
%
%
%%
V 6
F 6
A 6
LUKE
TEST HOLE E
DWS MOKUHAU
TEST HOLE A1
WAIHEE BRIDGE
161 5680 TIDAL C
WAIKAPU 1 MONITOR
DWS WAIEHU HEIGHTS
WAIKAPA SHAFT WELLS
WAIEHU DEEP MONITOR
DWS WAILUKU BOOSTER
KANOA WELL GAUGE STATION
WAIKAPU WELL GAUGE STATION
NORTH WAIHEE
WAIHEE GUAGE STATION
DWS WAILUKU SHAFT 33
¯0 2 41 Miles
Geodetic Reference Locations
% Well Location
G Geodetic Bench Mark
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G
G
G
%
%
G
%
G
%
F 6
A 6
M 22
R22 RESET
161 5680 TIDAL C
MAUI HALEAKALA MA
WAIKAPA SHAFT WELLS
KIHEI RECYCLING CENT
KEALIA POND GAUGE STATION
¯0 2.5 51.25 Miles
Geodetic Reference Locations
% Well Location
G Geodetic Bench Mark
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TIDAL BENCH MARK
NGS BENCH MARK
NGS BENCH MARK
NGS BENCH MARK
CORS SITE
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Designation Pub Elevation Vertical Free Orthometric Shift (cm)
161 5680 TIDAL C 1.461 1.461 0.0 * A 6 137.775 137.684 -9.1 * F 6 146.390 146.324 -6.6 * M 22 1.981 1.750 23.1 R22 RESET 5.972 4.234 173.8 V 6 48.173 48.118 -5.5 *
* Fixed Elevation
Free Vertical Adjustment Compared
to Published Elevations
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WAIHEE BRIDGE AREA
ELEVATION ON TOP OF WING WALL 122.48 ftLEVELING – WING WALL TO MARK -0.91 ftLEVELED ELEVATION OF MARK 121.58 ft
GPS DETERMINED ELEVATION 121.52 ft
DIFFERENCE .06 ft
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CONCLUSION
GPS
METHODS
WORK
FOR
DETERMINING
HEIGHTS
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Find Your Way
With Height
Modernization