The implications for the ATM Surveillance System – NextGen Surveillance

April 21, 2009

Dr. Werner LanghansDirector EMEA

wlanghans@erabeyondradar.com +43 664 6100395

An SRA International Business

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AgendaAgenda

• SESAR Surveillance Requirements

• Trends in next generation surveillance

• Some worldwide examples• Namibia country-wide multilateration• Fiji ADSB and multilateration• Thailand country wide ADSB• Czech national multilateration

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SESAR Requirements on SurveillanceSESAR Requirements on Surveillance

Surveillance is the Feedback Loop for the

ATM Business Trajectory concept!• High accuracy in 4D position measurement and other data

• High reliability and integrity requirement

• High flexibility to adapt to new airspace requirements

• High flexibility to adapt to fleet mix

• Resistivity against EMI (windmills, cell-phones, multipathing, spoofing)

• Low total cost of ownership

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DoesDoes RadarRadar fulfill thatfulfill that ??

Replace Radar by Multilateration traffic awareness surveillance performance

Multilateration doesMultilateration does!!

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KOPAC 1963

RAMONA 1979

TAMARA1987

BORAP1996

VERA1998

PCL 2002 PCL/VERA2006

MLAT 1995

HMU2001

ASMGCS2001

Research Grants, Studies & Standards

1980’s and 1990’s

Heritage A Long Tradition of Delivering Innovative & High Quality Products

B&K ANM 2005WAMLAT 2001

AirScene 2002 TAMIS/eTAMIS2006

PATENTS 1998-2006

Research Grants, Studies & Standards

1980’s and 1990’s

AFTMS 2001 AirScene.com NOMS 2007

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Pakistan

Canada

UnitedKingdom

Netherlands

Czech RepublicSlovakia

AustriaArmenia

Taiwan

Singapore

Malaysia

Hungary

United States

Germany

Spain

Chile

China

South Africa

New Zealand

Japan

Mongolia

Denmark

Ireland

Estonia

Latvia

Norway

Scotland

EgyptThailand

North Sea (Dutch)

India

Poland

Turkey

Indonesia

ERAERA’’s Customers s Customers –– Worldwide DeploymentWorldwide Deployment

Namibia

Fiji

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TodayToday’’s surveillance challengess surveillance challenges……

• Primary & Secondary Radar• High Cost to Finance and Deploy, Maintain,

Operate• Performance Limitations due to line of sight

(shielding) and huge azimuth errors• Single point of failure with rotating elements• Cone of Silence• Long update intervals limits ATM APP

efficiency

• Do more with less, but never threaten safety…• Need new solutions• Better performance at lower cost

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Eurocontrol Surveillance StrategyEurocontrol Surveillance Strategy

EUROCONTROL and SESAR Surveillance Strategy has specified four main pillarsPrimary radar (only for MAJOR TMA)Secondary radarADS-BMultilateration

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ADSADS--BB Automatic Dependent Surveillance Automatic Dependent Surveillance –– BroadcastBroadcast

• Low cost receivers• Affordable coverage & redundancy• Up to 250 NM range• Existing 1090Mhz standards

• Extremely Accurate• Independent of distance• 1 second update rate

• More Information• Identity of the aircraft• Heading, speed and other data• Input to alert processing

• Two-way infrastructure• Cockpit display > Self separation

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ADSADS--B Deployment ChallengesB Deployment Challenges

Primary

Radar

SSR –

Mode A

SSR – M

ode C

SSR – M

ode S

AD

S – B

Price/Performance

Yesterday TomorrowToday

Price and Performance

Drivers

Issue 1How do we bridge the equipage gap?

Issue 2How do we validate ADS-B self-reported

position?

“ADS-X”Combination of ADS-B with Multilateration

The use of multilateration as an independent means of surveillance for backup or verification of ADS- B should be further considered. This is specifically to identify credible errors in ADS-B position.

Source: NATS, UK

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MLAT Compared to RadarMLAT Compared to Radar

• “Where coverage exists a WAM system will generally outperform MSSR for accuracy”• “The hardware costs of a WAM system are (very roughly) around 50 % of those of an SSR system”• “The maintenance cost of WAM systems will be much lower than MSSR as there are no rotating

mechanical parts. A 6 monthly maintenance check at each site to maintain ancillary equipment such as UPS systems may be required; otherwise there is very little to do.”

• Source: Eurocontrol - November 2004

Expected Accuracy in FeetWide Area Multilateration Monopulse SSR

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Update Rates ADSUpdate Rates ADS--X versus MSSRX versus MSSR

Distance in metres between position updates

Actual flight pathRadar pos. update

Radar Tracking Error

ADS-X pos. update

SDP tracking result for ADS-X position updates from ERA-MSS

SDP tracking result of MSSR position updates

SDP…Surveillance Data Processing, e.g. ARTAS

ERA-MSS … the ERA product for Multilateration and ADS-B

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Multilateration ScalabilityMultilateration Scalability

For illustration only

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Modular Rugged Remote SensorModular Rugged Remote Sensor

temperature range: -40degC - +60degC (open air)relative humidity: up to 100% (condensation involved)ingress protection: IP67 - submersion up to 1m, operation in dusty environmentcorrosive resistance: industrial emissions, salty fog, icing: up to 15mmwind velocity: up to 50m/s (97 knots)

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ADSADS--X X –– Simultaneous ADSSimultaneous ADS--B/MLATB/MLAT

• Compared to Radar• Lower costs• Higher performance• More flexibility

• Compared to ADS-B• Requires no new avionics• Requires no big bang mandate

Now

100%Total Traffic

Time 10 Years?

ADS-B & MLAT Reports

Multilateration Reports

ADS-XADS-B Cat 21

ADS-BMode A/C/S

MLAT Cat 20

* Optional data fuse and alerts

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ATC SolutionsATC Solutions

• A-SMGCS

• Automatic aircraft tagging

• Not affected by rain

• Better coverage

• Vehicle tracking

• Beijing & Madrid in 2007

• Ensure separation on close parallel runways

• Extreme high- precision

•Update < 1s•Accuracy < 50m

• 3-D tracking

• +/- 25ft at 30,000ft

• Supports RVSM

• FAA proof of concept

• Certified Eurocontrol system in Austria

• Low cost, more accurate

• Better coverage, availability

• Path to ADS-B and validation of ADS-B

• Leap frog conventional radar technology

Surface Movement

Precision Runway Monitor Height Measurement Unit

Secondary Radar Alternative

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Kuala Lumpur SurfaceKuala Lumpur Surface

• 14 Receivers (two dual)• 6 Receiver/Interrogator• 2 Reference Transponders• Dual-redundant target processor• Dual-redundant management server• Dual-redundant GPS/NTP servers

• Fully compliant solution• Fully redundant coverage• Includes LCAT and A380 hanger• NTZ accuracy to 20nm+

• Same solution as for Singapore, Beijing, Dublin, Oslo, Riga, Hamburg…

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Solution : Precision Runway Monitoring (PRM)Solution : Precision Runway Monitoring (PRM)

•MSS by Era is a proven, low cost, high performance alternative to E-scan radars for Precision Runway Monitoring (PRM)

Benefits of MSS by Era include:• Extreme Cost Savings• Extension of surface system • Higher accuracy and update rate

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Precision Runway MonitorPrecision Runway Monitor

Conventional solution:Electronically Scanned MSSR

- Complicated- Expensive- Unalterable

Proposed solution:Multilat. Surveillance System

- Simple- Cost effective- Scalable

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Required PRM Performance to Monitor NTZ

Electronic. scanned MSSR

RaytheonElectronically scanned beam over 360 degreesInterrogates Mode A, C transponders; with possible extension to Mode S

Range coverage greater than 32 nmi, expandable to 200 nmi 1 milliradian over 360o (0.06 degrees)More than 40 targets at 1.0-second update rate while searching for new targets

Multilateration system

MSS of ERASet of 4 (or more) receiving stations deployed around aerodrome areaInterrogates Mode A, C, S transponders

Range coverage greater than 32 nmi, expandable to 200 nmi 0.1 milliradian over 360o (0.006degrees)More than 200 targets at 1.0-second update rate while searching for new targets

R W Y

R W Y

LLZ

LLZ

NTZ = No transg ress ion zone

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3.5.5.1.2 3.5.5.1.2 –– 40m accuracy @ 95% confidence @3,000ft40m accuracy @ 95% confidence @3,000ft

=20m @95%

=3,000ft

=40m @95%

KLIA NTZ Zone•17.19nm from 32R threshold•15.66nm from 14L threshold•3500 ft wide•(note: 1mR ~ 40m at 20nm)

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Fiji Fiji –– National ADSB and MultilaterationNational ADSB and Multilateration

• NextGen ATM System replacement• ADS-B/MLAT Surveillance data for first time• New Adacel fusion and display• Airspace redesign and safety cases• New charging and billing system• Avionics equipage and mandate

• 11 ADS-B/MLAT stations• ADS-B coverage up to 500nm from Nadi• Multilateration core for higher altitude• Multilateration into main Nadi airport

• Operational early 2010

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Thailand Thailand –– National ADSB NetworkNational ADSB Network

• National ADS-B en-route network• 22 remote, dual/redundant stations• New national multi-use TCP/IP links

• Era ADS-B Fusion Server• Single fused ASTERIX 21 output• Remote management consoles• Track and plot display• Database for analysis and investigation

• Operational in 2009

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Namibia Namibia –– National Wide Area MultilaterationNational Wide Area Multilateration

• New national ATM system • Thales Eurocat fusion and display• Thales radar in Windhoek• Era multilateration for national en-route

• 36 ADS-B/MLAT stations• Some very remote, hostile locations• Builds on regional experience in ATNS• Covers 800.000km² of airspace, FL >145 and

TMA

• Operational in 2010 for World Cup

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Czech Republic Czech Republic –– National Wide Area MultilaterationNational Wide Area Multilateration

• Phased introduction since 1999 • Surface Movement in Prague 1999• Approach System in Ostrava 2002• Wide Area System in Prague 2006• Wide Area System in Brno (2009)• Ostrava extension + surface (2009)• Prague extension (2009)

• Certified for 3nm separation

• Integration to ARTAS and Eurocat

• Cost (purchase & operation)• Performance• Coverage• Flexibility/scalability• Redundancy

• Cost (purchase & operation)• Performance• Coverage• Flexibility/scalability• Redundancy

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Three Systems at 8,000ftThree Systems at 8,000ft

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Combined at 8,000ftCombined at 8,000ft

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ConclusionConclusion

• Economics and performance is driving a trend towards next generation surveillance.

• Different needs and perspectives drive different strategies towards ADS-B and multilateration

• Both ADS-B and Wide Area Multilateration are increasingly widely selected, deployed and certified.

• At a time when we have to do more with less, these next generation surveillance techniques should be part of every ANSP’s plans.

Dr. Werner Langhanswlanghans@erabeyondradar.com+43 664 6100395

Dr. Werner Langhanswlanghans@erabeyondradar.com+43 664 6100395