the impact of obtaining documented informed consent on ms/ms screening l.a. faulkner 1, l.b....
DESCRIPTION
Introduction to Newborn Screening in California Mandatory newborn screening (NBS) program allows refusal for religious reasons only 18 month supplemental screening research project required written informed consent to ensure voluntary MS/MS screeningTRANSCRIPT
The Impact of Obtaining Documented Informed Consent
on MS/MS Screening
L.A. Faulkner1, L.B. Feuchtbaum2, M. Hanlon1, F.W. Lorey2, K. Velazquez2, and
G.C. Cunningham2
Funded by Health Resources and Services Administration grant #5 H46 MC00199-03
1 Public Health Institute, 2 Genetic Disease Branch (GDB), California Department of Health Services
Purpose of Research
To assess the impact of obtaining documented informed consent on
participation & informed decision-making during population-based newborn screening for inborn errors of metabolism (IEM) using
tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS)
Introduction to Newborn Screening in California
• Mandatory newborn screening (NBS) program allows refusal for religious reasons only
• 18 month supplemental screening research project required written informed consent to ensure voluntary MS/MS screening
Informed Consent Process
Hospital staff use yes or no stickers
Women choose or decline MS/MS screening
Women get 2nd booklet at hospital
Patients ask questions of providers or 1-800 #
Prenatal care providers educate patients
State educates prenatal care providers
State IRB review
Consent Form
Overview of Methods
• Tracked uptake of MS/MS screening in prospective cohort by hospital
• Surveyed prenatal care providers by mail• Conducted 5 focus groups with 31 pregnant
women
Summary of MS/MS Screening
Total NBS Specimens 756,000 Unknown MS/MS
360,000 (48%)
No MS/MS 42,000 (6%)
Yes MS/MS 354,000 (47%)
No MS/MS Screening 402,000 (53%)
MS/MS Screening 354,000 (47%)
Detected Cases* 52
Missed Cases* 3
Reported Cases* 12
IEM Registry* 67
*Excludes PKU
Hospital MS/MS Participation
68
56
92
63
20
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
0%Participation
1-24%Participation
25-49%Participation
50-74%Participation
75+%Participation
Num
ber o
f Hos
pita
ls
Prenatal Care Provider Survey• Mailed 12 question survey to 6200 providers• Questions asked about knowledge & experience• 700 surveys returned for 11% response rate as shown
13%
10%
56%
13%
8%
NP/PAMidwifeOB/PerinatologistFamily PracticeOther
How Providers Learned GDB Offered MS/MS Screening
26%
26%
34%
12%3%
Just found out from this surveyNBS NewsLetter from GDB
Colleague/TrainingOther
How Providers Handed Out Educational Materials to Patients
29%
9%
44%
17%
To no patients
To patients who ask/other
In packet
Hand out & answer questions
Focus Group Questions• Introductions?• How many received IIP
booklet?• What do you think of it?• Advantages/Concerns?• Feelings about making
the decision?• What information do
you think should be in the IIP booklet?
• What information is most important?
• What would influence you to not have test?
• How else would you like to receive this info?
• Importance of choosing to participate?
• What should the State address before making it mandatory?
What Participants Told Us
• Benefits and risks not understood• Importance of testing not conveyed• Purpose of research not obvious • Didn’t hear from prenatal provider but want to• Choice is important, but not to all• Don’t overwhelm with dense or confusing text• Provide more information in their words
Burdens of Informed Consent
• Increased time and effort for Genetic Disease Branch, State IRB, and hospitals
• Reduced population screened– 354,000 for MS/MS vs. 756,000 mandatory NBS – <1% refusal in mandatory NBS vs. 10 – 50% non-
acceptance in MS/MS– 52 diagnosed disorders in screened population vs.
12 (59 expected) in non-screened population• Didn’t meet parents’ needs
Recommendations for Population-based Research
• Obtain waiver of informed consent, if possible, by demonstrating:– Minimal risk to participants– Participant rights not adversely affected– Informed consent is impractical– Educational materials still provided
• Improve educational materials, especially by using parents’ words
• Reduce barriers for prenatal care providers (e.g. combine prenatal and newborn screening materials)
More Details About Evaluation Study Available
Visit our web-site
www.CaliforniaMsMs.org
Special thanks to all staff at the Genetic Disease Branch, California providers, patients and contract staff.