the history of pavement noise and new directions in arizona
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The History of Pavement Noise and New Directions in Arizona. Noise Issues Are Not New. 8000 BC Worlds First Major Town-Jericho 5000 BCWheel Invented 4000 BCMesopotamia 800 BCIron Tires Introduced 44 BCFirst Noise Regulation 1869 London Report 1870sUse of Wood Blocks - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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The History of Pavement Noise and New Directions in Arizona
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Noise Issues Are Not New
8000 BC Worlds First Major Town-Jericho 5000 BC Wheel Invented 4000 BC Mesopotamia 800 BC Iron Tires Introduced 44 BC First Noise Regulation 1869 London Report 1870s Use of Wood Blocks 1888 Pneumatic Tire Invented
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Roman Wagon Circa 100AD
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Noise Issues Are Not New
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1897 Survey of 122 Cities with Paved Streets and Pop. > 10,000Paving Type Paved Length (km)
Asphalt 230
Granite Setts 1,920
Wood Block 1,220
Brick Block 1,160
Rock (Macadam?) 910
Total 5,440
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AdditionalSurface Types
Hot Mix
Sheet Asphalt
Tire
Engine
6,000 Yrs 100 Yrs
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What is Noise, How is it Controlled, and How Does it Affect Our Lives
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Doubling Traffic adds 3dBA
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How Is It Controlled
At the Source– Vehicle & Tire Emissions
Through Distance– 3 dBA Reduction for Each Doubling of
Distance– 25ft=70dBA, 50ft=67dBA, 100 ft=64
Through Obstructions– Berms, Walls, And Combination of both
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Controlled At the Source
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Controlled Through Obstructions1 dBA for each 2 ft of Wall Above
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Ways of Measuring Sound
Wayside (Far Field)
Close Proximity (Near Field)
Noise Intensity (Near Field)
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ADOT ISO CPX Trailer
1995 Spg 2000 Spg 2001 Spg 2002 Spg 2003 2004
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Noise Intensity
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The Arizona Noise Thing
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ADOT Uses ARFC to Provide Quiet Pavements ADOT is Spending $34M to Overlay
PCCP in the Phoenix Metropolitan The ARFC is Minus 9.5mm & 9-9.5%
Binder 12.5 mm Thick When Used on Flexible
Pavement 25 mm Thick When Used on PCCP ADOT Uses Pavement Type (ARFC) as a
Noise Mitigation Strategy (4 dBA)
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How Did We Get Here? The Technical Journey Begins!
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OGFC
Gradat
ion
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The Technical Journey?
Development of Improved OGFC for Use in Snow Country (1970s-80s)
Improved OGFC Used to Resist Reflective Cracking (1980s-90s)
Improved OGFC Used as PCCP Overlay (1980s-2000s)
Benefit For Smoothness (1990s) Benefit for Noise (1990s-2000s)
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The Social Journey Begins 1990 Industry Study 1995 ADOT initiates first formal research 2002 ISO Noise Trailer Constructed 2002 Collaborative Research with Caltran’s &
NCAT 2002 Network Level Evaluation of ARFC 2002 PCCP Surface Texture Experiments 2002 ADOT Elects to Use ARFC for Noise 2003 ADOT’s Quiet Pavement Pilot Program
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Population Growth of Arizona
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
1840 1890 1940 1990 2040
Popu
lation
(Milli
on)
The Social Journey Continues
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The March to the Arizona Quiet Pavement Pilot Program
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(1) Network Level Evaluation of ARFC Surfaces
AR_ACFC Noise Levels Versus Pavement Age
y = 0.5453x + 93.279
R2 = 0.5805
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
Pavement Age
CP
X N
ois
e L
evels
dB
A
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(2) Evaluation of PCCP Tining Methods
Longitudinal Uniform Transverse
Random Transverse
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(3) Comparison of Different Mixes
Wearing Course Surface Type
CPX Noise Level (dBA)
SMA 95.9
AR-ACFC 95.0
PEM 96.0
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Quiet Pavement Pilot Program
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Lessons Learned To Date
Comparison of Various Surface Types Comparison of Measurement Systems Environmental Effects We Have Only Just Begun the JOURNEY!
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Noise Levels By Surface Type
104.9 Random Transverse (Wisconsin)
102.5 Uniform Transverse (ADOT-3/4”)
99.1 Longitudinal (ADOT-3/4”)
95.5 Whisper Grind
91.8 ARFC
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Mix Design Procedures
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Laboratory Tests
Impedance Tube (Mobile) Complex Modulus Test-Loss Function Permeability/Infiltration Air Flow
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In Summary
Surface Type Does Matter-Noise Should be Controlled at the Source
Noise Should be Managed Just Like Friction, Roughness, Rutting, and Cracking
People Do Care How They Live-It’s a Quality of Life Issue!!!
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Thank You
6,000 Yrs
Tire
100 Yrs
Engine
Future
Tire/Pavement