the high middle ages: growth of europe ss.a.2.4.7; ss.b.1.4.1; ss.a.2.4.11; ss.b.1.4.4
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The High Middle The High Middle Ages: Growth of Ages: Growth of
EuropeEuropeSS.A.2.4.7; SS.B.1.4.1; SS.A.2.4.7; SS.B.1.4.1; SS.A.2.4.11; SS.B.1.4.4SS.A.2.4.11; SS.B.1.4.4
Vikings Become Vikings Become NormansNormans
England & The Norman England & The Norman InvasionInvasion
AD 400: Anglos and Saxons invade EnglandAD 400: Anglos and Saxons invade England 800s: King Alfred the Great unites Anglo-800s: King Alfred the Great unites Anglo-
Saxon kingdoms; Anglo-Saxons rule Saxon kingdoms; Anglo-Saxons rule EnglandEngland
October 14, 1066: Battle of HastingsOctober 14, 1066: Battle of Hastings William of Normandy William of Normandy leads mounted army of leads mounted army of
Normans against the foot-soldiers of King Normans against the foot-soldiers of King HaroldHarold
All knights get land for swearing loyalty to All knights get land for swearing loyalty to William, as sole ruler of EnglandWilliam, as sole ruler of England
Official language of the Kings court is French, Official language of the Kings court is French, eventually Anglo-Saxon and French cultures eventually Anglo-Saxon and French cultures mixmix
William conducts first census since RomansWilliam conducts first census since Romans
William the ConquerorWilliam the Conqueror
King Henry II of EnglandKing Henry II of England
1154-1189: Henry II expands monarchy’s power1154-1189: Henry II expands monarchy’s power Courts of Justice closed, replaced by King’s courtCourts of Justice closed, replaced by King’s court Local codes of law replaced by English Local codes of law replaced by English common lawcommon law
Catholic Church challenges kings power to put Catholic Church challenges kings power to put clergy on trial, when Henry tries to punish clergy on trial, when Henry tries to punish Archbishop Archbishop Thomas à Becket Thomas à Becket of Canterburyof Canterbury
Instead, Henry has the archbishop killed, but Instead, Henry has the archbishop killed, but when people get angry with him, he gives when people get angry with him, he gives church its waychurch its way
Henry II vs. ThomasHenry II vs. Thomas
The Magna CartaThe Magna Carta Many rich noblemen did not like the Many rich noblemen did not like the
growing power of the king/monarchygrowing power of the king/monarchy 1200s: Noblemen rise up and rebel against 1200s: Noblemen rise up and rebel against
kingking King John forced to put seal on a document King John forced to put seal on a document
of rights called of rights called The Magna Carta The Magna Carta (Great (Great Charter)Charter) Limited the power of the monarchLimited the power of the monarch A feudal document recognizing the mutual A feudal document recognizing the mutual
obligations of lords and vassalsobligations of lords and vassals Magna Carta allows for England’s first Magna Carta allows for England’s first
Parliament to form under reign of Parliament to form under reign of Edward IEdward I
The Magna CartaThe Magna Carta
Europe, A.D. 1160Europe, A.D. 1160
France: Rise of the France: Rise of the CapetiansCapetians 843: Carolingian Empire divided, W. 843: Carolingian Empire divided, W.
Frankish kingdom becomes early French Frankish kingdom becomes early French kingdomkingdom
987: Last Carolingian king dies, replaced by 987: Last Carolingian king dies, replaced by Hugh Capet, starting Hugh Capet, starting Capetian DynastyCapetian Dynasty in in FranceFrance Early on Capetian kings had little power, Early on Capetian kings had little power,
controlling only the lands around controlling only the lands around ParisParis (a.k.a. (a.k.a. Ile-de-France)Ile-de-France)
1182-1223: 1182-1223: King Philip II AugustusKing Philip II Augustus defeat English armies and take control of defeat English armies and take control of territories of Normandy, Maine, Anjou, and territories of Normandy, Maine, Anjou, and Aquitaine, expanding the power and wealth Aquitaine, expanding the power and wealth of the French crownof the French crown
King Philip II Augustus King Philip II Augustus of Franceof France
Philip’s ConquestsPhilip’s Conquests
FranceFrance 1223-1314: kings Louis IX and Philip IV 1223-1314: kings Louis IX and Philip IV
expand French power and wealth even expand French power and wealth even moremore
By 1300, France was the largest, most By 1300, France was the largest, most powerful European monarchical statepowerful European monarchical state
1302: Philip IV established France’s 1302: Philip IV established France’s first parliament by holding regular first parliament by holding regular meetings with the three meetings with the three estatesestates:: First Estate: the clergyFirst Estate: the clergy Second Estate: the nobilitySecond Estate: the nobility Third Estate: peasants and townspeopleThird Estate: peasants and townspeople
King Louis IX King Louis IX
The Holy Roman EmpireThe Holy Roman Empire 900s: Saxon dukes became kings of Eastern 900s: Saxon dukes became kings of Eastern
Frankish Kingdom, renamed GermanyFrankish Kingdom, renamed Germany In return for protecting the pope, In return for protecting the pope, King Otto King Otto
I of GermanyI of Germany is crowned “Emperor of the is crowned “Emperor of the Romans” in 962 (first since Charlemagne)Romans” in 962 (first since Charlemagne)
As new “Roman” emperors, German kings As new “Roman” emperors, German kings attempted to rule both Germany and Italyattempted to rule both Germany and Italy
Kings wanted to make money off of ItalyKings wanted to make money off of Italy Italy must be at center of a “holy” or “Roman” Italy must be at center of a “holy” or “Roman”
realmrealm
Banner of the Holy Roman Banner of the Holy Roman EmpireEmpire
Holy Roman Struggles In Holy Roman Struggles In ItalyItaly
With Jerusalem under Arab control, Rome With Jerusalem under Arab control, Rome becomes center of Christianity to W. becomes center of Christianity to W. EuropeansEuropeans Frederick I considers his empire “holy” and thinks Frederick I considers his empire “holy” and thinks
Rome must be included to legitimize empireRome must be included to legitimize empire Italy is only part of Europe with good tradeItaly is only part of Europe with good trade Pope opposes Frederick’s campaign in ItalyPope opposes Frederick’s campaign in Italy Northern Italian cities, used to their freedom, Northern Italian cities, used to their freedom,
join the pope and defeat HRE in 1176join the pope and defeat HRE in 1176 Frederick II won many battles, also defeatedFrederick II won many battles, also defeated
Empire In DeclineEmpire In Decline While emperors fought in Italy, powerful lords While emperors fought in Italy, powerful lords
left behind to rule Germanyleft behind to rule Germany With defeat in Italy, many lords think emperor With defeat in Italy, many lords think emperor
weak, and create their own smaller kingdomsweak, and create their own smaller kingdoms German H.R. Emperors left with no real powerGerman H.R. Emperors left with no real power Germany and Italy never create powerful, Germany and Italy never create powerful,
centralized monarchy; unlike England & centralized monarchy; unlike England & FranceFrance
Italy & Germany consist of small, independent Italy & Germany consist of small, independent states until 1800sstates until 1800s
Central & Eastern Central & Eastern EuropeEurope
Slavic people started as single group in Slavic people started as single group in C.E.C.E. Split into western, eastern, and southern Split into western, eastern, and southern SlavsSlavs
Western Slavs establish Polish and Western Slavs establish Polish and Bohemian (Czech) kingdoms, converted to Bohemian (Czech) kingdoms, converted to Western Christianity by German monks in Western Christianity by German monks in tenth centurytenth century Hungary also converted by GermansHungary also converted by Germans
Eastern and southern Slavs convert to Eastern and southern Slavs convert to Eastern Orthodox Christianity by Byzantine Eastern Orthodox Christianity by Byzantine missionaries Cyril and Methodius missionaries Cyril and Methodius Croats, southern Slavs, accept the Roman Croats, southern Slavs, accept the Roman
churchchurch
RussiaRussia Slavs also settle in area of modern Ukraine Slavs also settle in area of modern Ukraine
and Russiaand Russia Late 700s: Swedish Vikings come, dominateLate 700s: Swedish Vikings come, dominate Locals call their new rulers Locals call their new rulers RusRus Viking leader Oleg, settles in city of Viking leader Oleg, settles in city of KievKiev
Establishes Principality of Kiev, a Rus stateEstablishes Principality of Kiev, a Rus state Eventually, Kiev rules over lands b/w Baltic Eventually, Kiev rules over lands b/w Baltic
and Black seas, and the Danube and Volga and Black seas, and the Danube and Volga riversrivers
Vikings eventually assimilate into Slavic Vikings eventually assimilate into Slavic cultureculture
Rus convert to Orthodox ChristianityRus convert to Orthodox Christianity
End of the Russian StateEnd of the Russian State
1200s: Mongols conquer Russia, requiring 1200s: Mongols conquer Russia, requiring Rus princes to pay them tributeRus princes to pay them tribute
One prince, One prince, Alexander NevskyAlexander Nevsky, emerges , emerges as most powerfulas most powerful
1242: Nevsky defeats invading German 1242: Nevsky defeats invading German armyarmy
The Khan, mongol leader, rewards Nevsky The Khan, mongol leader, rewards Nevsky with title of “grand-prince”with title of “grand-prince”
Nevsky’s descendants eventually come to Nevsky’s descendants eventually come to rule rule