The Age of ExplorationThe Age of Exploration

MA.A.2.4.2; SS.D.2.4.6; LA.A.2.4.8; SS.A.3.4.3; SS.B.2.4.6; SS.B.2.4.3;

SS.B.2.4.5

MA.A.2.4.2; SS.D.2.4.6; LA.A.2.4.8; SS.A.3.4.3; SS.B.2.4.6; SS.B.2.4.3;

SS.B.2.4.5

There is a world outside the Mediterranean?

There is a world outside the Mediterranean?

• Europeans begin to travel further than just the Mediterranean region

• Marco Polo, writes The Travels, about his journey to China– Many Europeans read Polo’s account

• Ottoman Empire prevents Europeans from traveling East by land, a sea route to E. Asia needed

• Europeans begin to travel further than just the Mediterranean region

• Marco Polo, writes The Travels, about his journey to China– Many Europeans read Polo’s account

• Ottoman Empire prevents Europeans from traveling East by land, a sea route to E. Asia needed

Why Explore? Why Expand?Why Explore? Why Expand?• European nations wanted to grow

more trade with Asia:– Spices from Arab middlemen= $$$$– Gold, finding mythical “El Dorado”

• Desire to spread religion• Desire to make self and nation look

better to others by growing in wealth and spreading faith

• Three Reasons For European Expansion:”God, Glory and Gold”

• European nations wanted to grow more trade with Asia:– Spices from Arab middlemen= $$$$– Gold, finding mythical “El Dorado”

• Desire to spread religion• Desire to make self and nation look

better to others by growing in wealth and spreading faith

• Three Reasons For European Expansion:”God, Glory and Gold”

Europe Stretches Her LegsEurope Stretches Her Legs• 1420: Portugal explores Africa’s

west coast; ordered by Prince Henry the Navigator– Gold found on Africa’s Gold Coast

• First Bartholomeu Dias, then Vasco da Gama sail around the Cape of Good Hope– Da Gama brings spice from Calicut,

makes several 1,000%• Many Portuguese follow same

route

• 1420: Portugal explores Africa’s west coast; ordered by Prince Henry the Navigator– Gold found on Africa’s Gold Coast

• First Bartholomeu Dias, then Vasco da Gama sail around the Cape of Good Hope– Da Gama brings spice from Calicut,

makes several 1,000%• Many Portuguese follow same

route

Trade Battles Spice UpTrade Battles Spice Up• Portuguese send warships to take

control of trade routes from Muslim ships– 1590: Portuguese ships defeat

combined Turkish/Indian forces– Admiral Afonso de Albuquerque est.

Port of Goa on India’s west coast• Portugal colonize Melaka

– From Melaka travel to China and Spice Islands

• Portugal est. small trading empire

• Portuguese send warships to take control of trade routes from Muslim ships– 1590: Portuguese ships defeat

combined Turkish/Indian forces– Admiral Afonso de Albuquerque est.

Port of Goa on India’s west coast• Portugal colonize Melaka

– From Melaka travel to China and Spice Islands

• Portugal est. small trading empire

“Discovery” of America“Discovery” of America

• Portugal reaches Spice Islands by sailing east, Spain sails west

• 1492: Italian Christopher Columbus convinces Queen Isabella of Spain to fund voyage– Reaches Cuba & Hispañola,

eventually explores all Caribbean islands and Honduras

– Thought he was exploring The Indies

• Portugal reaches Spice Islands by sailing east, Spain sails west

• 1492: Italian Christopher Columbus convinces Queen Isabella of Spain to fund voyage– Reaches Cuba & Hispañola,

eventually explores all Caribbean islands and Honduras

– Thought he was exploring The Indies

Stay Out Of My Yard!Stay Out Of My Yard!• Treaty of Tordesillas: Spain & Portugal

draw “Line of Demarcation” running north-south through the Atlantic and S. Amer.– Portugal’s land= east of line (Africa)– Spain’s land= west of line (Most of

America)

• More Europeans believe Columbus had found totally new continent; not Asia

• Treaty of Tordesillas: Spain & Portugal draw “Line of Demarcation” running north-south through the Atlantic and S. Amer.– Portugal’s land= east of line (Africa)– Spain’s land= west of line (Most of

America)

• More Europeans believe Columbus had found totally new continent; not Asia

On Your Mark, Set, Go…On Your Mark, Set, Go…• John Cabot: Venetian man,

explores New England coast for England

• Pedro Cabral: claims Brazil for Portugal

• Amerigo Vespucci:writes letters about what he saw in New World– New World renamed “America” after

Vespucci’s letters• New World to Europeans= Home to

Native Americans

• John Cabot: Venetian man, explores New England coast for England

• Pedro Cabral: claims Brazil for Portugal

• Amerigo Vespucci:writes letters about what he saw in New World– New World renamed “America” after

Vespucci’s letters• New World to Europeans= Home to

Native Americans

Spanish ConquestSpanish Conquest• Conquistadors: Spanish

conquerors of America – Hernan Cortez defeats mighty

Aztecs in just three years– 1550: Spain controls Mexico

• Francisco Pizarro: takes control of Inca Empire in S.A. Andes Mts.

• Spanish have tight control of L.A.– Queen Isabella issues encomienda,

the right to use Natives as slaves

• Conquistadors: Spanish conquerors of America – Hernan Cortez defeats mighty

Aztecs in just three years– 1550: Spain controls Mexico

• Francisco Pizarro: takes control of Inca Empire in S.A. Andes Mts.

• Spanish have tight control of L.A.– Queen Isabella issues encomienda,

the right to use Natives as slaves

Spain & The Native AmericansSpain & The Native Americans

• Slavery, starvation and disease decimate Native populations

• 1492-1538: Population of Hispañola from 250,000 to 500

• Spanish missionaries come to baptize Native Americans

• Spanish way of life replaces the Native American ways of living

• Slavery, starvation and disease decimate Native populations

• 1492-1538: Population of Hispañola from 250,000 to 500

• Spanish missionaries come to baptize Native Americans

• Spanish way of life replaces the Native American ways of living

The Global EconomyThe Global Economy• Columbian Exchange: great

exchange of animals, plants, people b/w Old & New Worlds

• Other Europeans want in on what Spain and Portugal have– Portugal replaces Italy as main trade

port of Europe– Spain grows rich with American gold

• England est. trade with India, Dutch East India Co. follows

• Columbian Exchange: great exchange of animals, plants, people b/w Old & New Worlds

• Other Europeans want in on what Spain and Portugal have– Portugal replaces Italy as main trade

port of Europe– Spain grows rich with American gold

• England est. trade with India, Dutch East India Co. follows

Columbian ExchangeColumbian Exchange

England & The NetherlandsEngland & The NetherlandsEnglish• Est. colonies in

N.A.; Mass. Bay & Virginia

• Colonize East Coast of N.A.

• Growing French presence in Canada worries English

• Colonize Caribbean

English• Est. colonies in

N.A.; Mass. Bay & Virginia

• Colonize East Coast of N.A.

• Growing French presence in Canada worries English

• Colonize Caribbean

Dutch• East India Co.• West India Co.• Est. colony

around Hudson R.• Lose New Neth.

To England; renamed New York

• Remain in Caribbean

Dutch• East India Co.• West India Co.• Est. colony

around Hudson R.• Lose New Neth.

To England; renamed New York

• Remain in Caribbean