the height of imperialism chapter 21 colonial rule in south east asia section 1
TRANSCRIPT
The Height of Imperialism
Chapter 21
Colonial Rule in South East Asia
Section 1
The New Imperialism
Unprecedented period of Western expansion into Asia and Africa.
Imperialism The extension of a nation’s power over other lands.
Economic Gain Direct control over raw materials for industrial growth
National Prestige Social Darwinism and Racism
Cultural superiority “The White Man’s Burden”
Colonial Take Over in South East Asia Great Britain
First Western power to take over SE Asia
Singapore Burma
France Vietnamese Empire Cambodia (Indochina)
United States Philippines
Siam (Thailand)
Only remaining free state in South East Asia
Buffer state between British & French
Indirect Vs. Direct Rule
Indirect Rule Local rulers maintained positions with guidance. Used local elites as administrators Convenient, cost effective
Direct Rule Local power base removed and replace with
Europeans Protectorate
Colonial powers did not want colonial possessions to develop home industries Plantation agriculture
Positive Aspects of Imperialism in South East Asia?
Western learning and society shared Modern economic systems Build infrastructure to assist in collection of
resources Bridges Roads Railroads
The United States
Spanish – American War
President McKinley decided to colonize the Philippines
Wanted the land so we could trade with China easier
WARM UP - Read the National Geographic Article “Stanley and Livingstone In Africa” on page 662. Answer the following:
Questions: Why was Henry Stanley sent to Africa? What were two of Livingstone’s reasons for
exploring Africa? What were the main obstacles that
Livingstone faced? How did Livingstone feel about African
slavery? What was done with Livingstone after his
death?
Empire Building In Africa
Section 2
Africa: An Overview
Before 1880 Europeans controlled little of Africa By 1900, almost all of Africa was under European
control
West Africa
Great Britain Gold Coast Nigeria
France French West Africa Algeria Morocco
Germany Togo Cameroon Southwest Africa German East Africa
North Africa
Egypt independence from the Ottoman
Empire, 1805 The Suez Canal
Connected Mediterranean and Red Sea, 1869
. The Sudan
Seized by the British 1898 after 17 years of conflict with Sudanese nationalists
Central Africa
David Livingstone and Henry Stanley
King Leopold II of Belgium Colonized the Congo region of
Central Africa Paid Stanley to set up
Colonies Belgium occupation
Horrific treatment of Africans “Heart of Darkness”, Joseph
Conrad
South Africa
Largest concentrated presence of white Europeans
Union of South Africa, 1910 Only whites could vote
African Nationalism
Assimilation Most European nations wanted to assimilate
Africans into their cultures, encouraging them to abandon their traditional African ones.
Growing unrest among rural poor Emerging middle class
Educated Championing causes of the poor and
oppressed
Note Quiz – Chapter 21
1) What territory did America have in South East Asia?
2) What was the only remaining free state in South East Asia?
3) What is the difference between direct rule and indirect rule?
4) What bodies of water does the Suez Canal connect?
5) Who Colonized the Congo region of Central Africa?Bonus: What are the names of the poems we read in class
yesterday?
Summarize the effects of imperialism on Africa. What benefits and hardships did colonization bring the continent? Explain the political, economic, cultural, and technological influences of expansion on both Europeans and non-Europeans.
According to Gandhi: (write the questions)
I am going to collect them later!
1) What does a person who practices civil disobedience do?
2) How does a civil resister act to force?3) Why do you think a civil resister invites
imprisonment and force? (I am collecting this but at the end of
class I have other questions I want you to add to this)
“Complete civil disobedience is rebellion without the element of violence, in it. An out and out civil resister simply ignores the authority of the state. He becomes an outlaw claiming to disregard every unmoral state law… In doing all this he never uses force and never resists force when it is used against him. In fact, he invites imprisonment and other uses of force.”
Mohandas Gandhi
British Rule In India
Section 3
The Sepoy Mutiny
British power in India increased over the 18th century British East India Company
Sepoys – hired Indian soldiers Cause – Bullets greased with cow
fats “First War of Independence” British East India Company’s
powers transferred to Parliament 1876 – Victoria made Empress of
India
Colonial Rule Viceroy
Head of Indian government Appointed by Queen
Pros Stability Honest government Education for upper caste Indians Infrastructure (railroads, telegraph lines, postal service)
Cons Economic: Industry removed Increasing rural poverty; abuse of local officials Food shortages (encouraged to grow cotton) Cultural and ethnic degradation
British Governors in India
British Family with Servants
Nationalist Movement
Upper class, educated Indians
Reform instead of revolution
Indian National Congress, 1885
Mohandas Gandhi Educated in England,
lawyer “Non-violence”
Gandhi’s funeral
Warm Up
Is imperialism bad or good? Explain in detail!
Nation Building In Latin America
Section 4
Climate for Revolt in Latin America
Revolutionary ideas from the United States moved South
Developing Social Classes Peninsulares Creoles Mestizo
Spain and Portugal weakened by Napoleon’s conquests
Haiti
First independence movement in Latin America
Saint Dominque French Colony Slave revolt
1804, Republic of Haiti
Mexico
Miguel Hidalgo Priest Rallied Native
Americans and Mestizos
September 16, 1810: Mob attacks Spanish
Agustin Iturbide Independence, 1821 Declared himself
emperor
“The Liberators of South America”
Simon Bolivar 1810,
Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador
Jose de San Martin 1810, Argentina 1817, Chile 1824, Peru
Independence and Recognition
By 1824 all of South America independent. 1838 – All of Central America independent European Response
Concert of Europe wanted to intervene, but Britain disagreed
American Response Monroe Doctrine of 1823
Troubles Facing the New Republics
Losses during independence wars Border disputes Poor infrastructure Economy based on exports
Imperialism: United States and Great Britain Social Inequality
Spanish American War
Cuba becomes a protectorate Puerto Rico is Annexed “Yellow-Journalism”
Made up stories to sell more papers
Warm Up
If you had a choice, would you choose to be ruled by Indirect rule or Direct rule under imperialism? Explain! And overall was imperialism a good or bad thing? (write a paragraph I will collect it)
Foot Binding
Asian Resistance
CHINA & JAPAN
Britain’s Imperialistic Attempts in China Qing Dynasty declining
Corruption Resistance to Modernization
Increased British interest China Unfavorable trade balance
Britain imported more goods FROM China than they exported TO China
Forced to pay with silver – unprofitable
The Opium Wars Britain sought a new product
to trade in China to even the balance: opium
Grown in India; powerful sedative/pain killer
China declares opium illegal; British respond hostilely
Opium Wars, 1839-1842 Extraterritoriality
Qing Attempts to Modernize
“Self-Strengthening” Western ideas would be
adopted but traditional Confucian values would be kept
Modern military Infrastructure rapidly built Reforms of Guang Xu - “The
One Hundred Days” Bureaucracy European style education Banks Free press
Open Door Policy
The Boxer Rebellion
The Society of Harmonious Fists Upset by foreign intervention Opposed to Christianity 1900 – Roamed China, attacking foreigners;
seized Beijing Coalition of British, French, German, Russian,
American and Japanese troops attacked the Boxers, restored Chinese government.
China in debt to nations that helped
The Last of the Emperors
Sun Yat-sen – Revive China Society
Sun Yat-sen’s plan Military take over Transitional phase Constitutional democracy
Revolution of 1911 Pu Yi, the last Chinese
emperor, removed China declared a republic
End of the Isolation in Japan Tokugawa shogunate had driven
out foreign traders and regulated trade for 200 years
Mathew Perry Delivered letter from Millard
Fillmore asking for friendly relations & trade
Returned for answer Treaty of Kanagawa
Return of shipwrecked Americans Opening of two ports Establishment of U.S. Consulate
The Meiji Restoration Relations with the West was highly
unpopular. The Sat-Cho Alliance
Satsuma and Chosu, samurai warriors 1868 Shogunate overthrown, office of the
Emperor reinstated Mutsuhito
Reign of “The Meiji”, or “Enlightened” Recognized Japan’s need to change in order
to survive.
Sat-Cho Samurai and Supporters
Japan Moving into the 20th Century Study and replication of Western politics Abolishment of feudalism Government encouraged industry Modern military Universal education