the heart dr : sherif mohamed zaky assistant professor of anatomy faculty of medicine cairo...
TRANSCRIPT
THE HEARTTHE HEART
Dr : Sherif Mohamed Zaky
Assistant professor
of anatomy
Faculty of medicine
Cairo university
The right atriumThe right atrium : :• Receives venous blood from
the body by superior vena cava & inferior vena cava.
• Pumps it to the right ventricle through the tricuspid valve.
The right ventricleThe right ventricle : :
• Receives the venous blood from the right atrium.
• Pumps it into the pulmonary arteries of the lungs.
The left atriumThe left atrium::
• Receives the oxygenated blood from the lungs by 4 pulmonary veins
• Pumps it to the left ventricle through the mitral valve.
The left ventricleThe left ventricle : :
• Receives the oxygenated blood from the left atrium.
• Pumps it through the aorta to all parts of the body.
SSurface anatomy of urface anatomy of valvesvalves
Surface anatomy:Area of
auscultation:
Pulmonary: (P)3rd Lt sterno-costal
junction.
2nd Lt intercostal
space.
Aortic: (A)
3rd Lt intercostal
space behind Lt
margin of the
sternum.
1st aortic area: 2nd Rt
intercostal space.
2nd aortic area: 3rd
Lt intercostal space.
Mitral: (M)4th Lt sterno-costal
junction.
Apex of heart.
Tricuspid: (T)4th space behind the
sternum.
Xiphisternal
junction.
الله اال اله الله ال اال اله ال
THE BLOOD VESSELS
ArteriesArteries: :
• Are vessels carrying the blood away from the heart.
• Have elastic and thick wall.
• Give branches all over the body.
VeinsVeins
• Are vessels carrying the blood towards the heart.
• Have thin wall.
• Receive tributaries from the whole body.
CapillariesCapillaries::
Are very small & thin walled vessels.
Connect the arterioles with the venules.
الله اال اله الله ال اال اله ال
Circulations
The Pulmonary CirculationThe Pulmonary Circulation
• The deoxygenated blood passes from the right ventricle to the lungs through the pulmonary arteries.
• Then the oxygenated blood returns to the left atrium via 4 pulmonary veins.
The Systemic CirculationThe Systemic Circulation : :
• The oxygenated blood is carried from the left ventricle to all parts of the body through the aorta and its branches.
• Then the deoxygenated blood is returned to right atrium by SVC & IVC.
The Portal CirculationThe Portal Circulation : :
• Drain the abdomen & ends in the liver and not the heart.
• The blood is carried from the abdominal organs rich in digested food substances to the liver.
• The blood from the liver sinusoids drains into hepatic veins to inferior vena cava.
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في مصيبتنامصيبتنا• الله غير من نخاف في أننا الله غير من نخاف أننا : أن نخاف مره مائة من أكثر : اليوم أن نخاف مره مائة من أكثر اليوم , أن, نخاف نخطىء أن نخاف , نتأخر أن, نخاف نخطىء أن نخاف نتأخر
, فالن, يغضب أن نخاف , نستعجل فالن, يغضب أن نخاف نستعجل. فالن يشك أن .نخاف فالن يشك أن نخاف
المتشائم • فإنك تريه الزهرة ,احذرفيريك شوكها, وتعرض عليه الماء
فيخرج لك منه القذى, وتمدح له الشمس فيشكو حرارتها.
THE LYMPHATIC SYSTEMTHE LYMPHATIC SYSTEM
• The fluid passes from the capillaries to the tissues and back to the capillaries.
• Excess fluid is drained by lymphatic system characterized by:
• Lymph capillaries are wider and their walls thinner than the blood capillaries.
THE LYMPHATIC SYSTEMTHE LYMPHATIC SYSTEM
• Larger lymph vessels have numerous valves.
• The lymph is thus directed up from the limbs and the trunk & ends into the blood stream.
THE LYMPHATIC SYSTEMTHE LYMPHATIC SYSTEM
• The pathway of the lymphatics interrupted by lymph nodes:–Through which lymph is filtered.
–Are found mainly in the axilla, groin, and the neck.
• No lymphatics in the CNS, bone marrow, spleen & eye.
The SpleenThe Spleen
• It is a lymphatic organ present in the upper left part of the abdominal cavity
• Protected by the 9th , 10th & 11th ribs.
• The spleen is not palpable; if felt, it is at least 3 times its normal size