![Page 1: THE HEART Dr : Sherif Mohamed Zaky Assistant professor of anatomy Faculty of medicine Cairo university](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051401/5697bf9a1a28abf838c92180/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
THE HEARTTHE HEART
Dr : Sherif Mohamed Zaky
Assistant professor
of anatomy
Faculty of medicine
Cairo university
![Page 2: THE HEART Dr : Sherif Mohamed Zaky Assistant professor of anatomy Faculty of medicine Cairo university](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051401/5697bf9a1a28abf838c92180/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
![Page 3: THE HEART Dr : Sherif Mohamed Zaky Assistant professor of anatomy Faculty of medicine Cairo university](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051401/5697bf9a1a28abf838c92180/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
![Page 4: THE HEART Dr : Sherif Mohamed Zaky Assistant professor of anatomy Faculty of medicine Cairo university](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051401/5697bf9a1a28abf838c92180/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
![Page 5: THE HEART Dr : Sherif Mohamed Zaky Assistant professor of anatomy Faculty of medicine Cairo university](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051401/5697bf9a1a28abf838c92180/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
![Page 6: THE HEART Dr : Sherif Mohamed Zaky Assistant professor of anatomy Faculty of medicine Cairo university](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051401/5697bf9a1a28abf838c92180/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
The right atriumThe right atrium : :• Receives venous blood from
the body by superior vena cava & inferior vena cava.
• Pumps it to the right ventricle through the tricuspid valve.
![Page 7: THE HEART Dr : Sherif Mohamed Zaky Assistant professor of anatomy Faculty of medicine Cairo university](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051401/5697bf9a1a28abf838c92180/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
The right ventricleThe right ventricle : :
• Receives the venous blood from the right atrium.
• Pumps it into the pulmonary arteries of the lungs.
![Page 8: THE HEART Dr : Sherif Mohamed Zaky Assistant professor of anatomy Faculty of medicine Cairo university](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051401/5697bf9a1a28abf838c92180/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
The left atriumThe left atrium::
• Receives the oxygenated blood from the lungs by 4 pulmonary veins
• Pumps it to the left ventricle through the mitral valve.
![Page 9: THE HEART Dr : Sherif Mohamed Zaky Assistant professor of anatomy Faculty of medicine Cairo university](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051401/5697bf9a1a28abf838c92180/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
The left ventricleThe left ventricle : :
• Receives the oxygenated blood from the left atrium.
• Pumps it through the aorta to all parts of the body.
![Page 10: THE HEART Dr : Sherif Mohamed Zaky Assistant professor of anatomy Faculty of medicine Cairo university](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051401/5697bf9a1a28abf838c92180/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
![Page 11: THE HEART Dr : Sherif Mohamed Zaky Assistant professor of anatomy Faculty of medicine Cairo university](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051401/5697bf9a1a28abf838c92180/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
![Page 12: THE HEART Dr : Sherif Mohamed Zaky Assistant professor of anatomy Faculty of medicine Cairo university](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051401/5697bf9a1a28abf838c92180/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
SSurface anatomy of urface anatomy of valvesvalves
![Page 13: THE HEART Dr : Sherif Mohamed Zaky Assistant professor of anatomy Faculty of medicine Cairo university](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051401/5697bf9a1a28abf838c92180/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
![Page 14: THE HEART Dr : Sherif Mohamed Zaky Assistant professor of anatomy Faculty of medicine Cairo university](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051401/5697bf9a1a28abf838c92180/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
![Page 15: THE HEART Dr : Sherif Mohamed Zaky Assistant professor of anatomy Faculty of medicine Cairo university](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051401/5697bf9a1a28abf838c92180/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Surface anatomy:Area of
auscultation:
Pulmonary: (P)3rd Lt sterno-costal
junction.
2nd Lt intercostal
space.
Aortic: (A)
3rd Lt intercostal
space behind Lt
margin of the
sternum.
1st aortic area: 2nd Rt
intercostal space.
2nd aortic area: 3rd
Lt intercostal space.
Mitral: (M)4th Lt sterno-costal
junction.
Apex of heart.
Tricuspid: (T)4th space behind the
sternum.
Xiphisternal
junction.
![Page 16: THE HEART Dr : Sherif Mohamed Zaky Assistant professor of anatomy Faculty of medicine Cairo university](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051401/5697bf9a1a28abf838c92180/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
الله اال اله الله ال اال اله ال
![Page 17: THE HEART Dr : Sherif Mohamed Zaky Assistant professor of anatomy Faculty of medicine Cairo university](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051401/5697bf9a1a28abf838c92180/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
THE BLOOD VESSELS
![Page 18: THE HEART Dr : Sherif Mohamed Zaky Assistant professor of anatomy Faculty of medicine Cairo university](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051401/5697bf9a1a28abf838c92180/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
ArteriesArteries: :
• Are vessels carrying the blood away from the heart.
• Have elastic and thick wall.
• Give branches all over the body.
![Page 19: THE HEART Dr : Sherif Mohamed Zaky Assistant professor of anatomy Faculty of medicine Cairo university](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051401/5697bf9a1a28abf838c92180/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
VeinsVeins
• Are vessels carrying the blood towards the heart.
• Have thin wall.
• Receive tributaries from the whole body.
![Page 20: THE HEART Dr : Sherif Mohamed Zaky Assistant professor of anatomy Faculty of medicine Cairo university](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051401/5697bf9a1a28abf838c92180/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
CapillariesCapillaries::
Are very small & thin walled vessels.
Connect the arterioles with the venules.
![Page 21: THE HEART Dr : Sherif Mohamed Zaky Assistant professor of anatomy Faculty of medicine Cairo university](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051401/5697bf9a1a28abf838c92180/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
الله اال اله الله ال اال اله ال
![Page 22: THE HEART Dr : Sherif Mohamed Zaky Assistant professor of anatomy Faculty of medicine Cairo university](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051401/5697bf9a1a28abf838c92180/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Circulations
![Page 23: THE HEART Dr : Sherif Mohamed Zaky Assistant professor of anatomy Faculty of medicine Cairo university](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051401/5697bf9a1a28abf838c92180/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
![Page 24: THE HEART Dr : Sherif Mohamed Zaky Assistant professor of anatomy Faculty of medicine Cairo university](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051401/5697bf9a1a28abf838c92180/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
The Pulmonary CirculationThe Pulmonary Circulation
• The deoxygenated blood passes from the right ventricle to the lungs through the pulmonary arteries.
• Then the oxygenated blood returns to the left atrium via 4 pulmonary veins.
![Page 25: THE HEART Dr : Sherif Mohamed Zaky Assistant professor of anatomy Faculty of medicine Cairo university](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051401/5697bf9a1a28abf838c92180/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
The Systemic CirculationThe Systemic Circulation : :
• The oxygenated blood is carried from the left ventricle to all parts of the body through the aorta and its branches.
• Then the deoxygenated blood is returned to right atrium by SVC & IVC.
![Page 26: THE HEART Dr : Sherif Mohamed Zaky Assistant professor of anatomy Faculty of medicine Cairo university](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051401/5697bf9a1a28abf838c92180/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
The Portal CirculationThe Portal Circulation : :
• Drain the abdomen & ends in the liver and not the heart.
• The blood is carried from the abdominal organs rich in digested food substances to the liver.
• The blood from the liver sinusoids drains into hepatic veins to inferior vena cava.
![Page 27: THE HEART Dr : Sherif Mohamed Zaky Assistant professor of anatomy Faculty of medicine Cairo university](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051401/5697bf9a1a28abf838c92180/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
2727
في مصيبتنامصيبتنا• الله غير من نخاف في أننا الله غير من نخاف أننا : أن نخاف مره مائة من أكثر : اليوم أن نخاف مره مائة من أكثر اليوم , أن, نخاف نخطىء أن نخاف , نتأخر أن, نخاف نخطىء أن نخاف نتأخر
, فالن, يغضب أن نخاف , نستعجل فالن, يغضب أن نخاف نستعجل. فالن يشك أن .نخاف فالن يشك أن نخاف
المتشائم • فإنك تريه الزهرة ,احذرفيريك شوكها, وتعرض عليه الماء
فيخرج لك منه القذى, وتمدح له الشمس فيشكو حرارتها.
![Page 28: THE HEART Dr : Sherif Mohamed Zaky Assistant professor of anatomy Faculty of medicine Cairo university](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051401/5697bf9a1a28abf838c92180/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
![Page 29: THE HEART Dr : Sherif Mohamed Zaky Assistant professor of anatomy Faculty of medicine Cairo university](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051401/5697bf9a1a28abf838c92180/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
THE LYMPHATIC SYSTEMTHE LYMPHATIC SYSTEM
• The fluid passes from the capillaries to the tissues and back to the capillaries.
• Excess fluid is drained by lymphatic system characterized by:
• Lymph capillaries are wider and their walls thinner than the blood capillaries.
![Page 30: THE HEART Dr : Sherif Mohamed Zaky Assistant professor of anatomy Faculty of medicine Cairo university](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051401/5697bf9a1a28abf838c92180/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
THE LYMPHATIC SYSTEMTHE LYMPHATIC SYSTEM
• Larger lymph vessels have numerous valves.
• The lymph is thus directed up from the limbs and the trunk & ends into the blood stream.
![Page 31: THE HEART Dr : Sherif Mohamed Zaky Assistant professor of anatomy Faculty of medicine Cairo university](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051401/5697bf9a1a28abf838c92180/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
THE LYMPHATIC SYSTEMTHE LYMPHATIC SYSTEM
• The pathway of the lymphatics interrupted by lymph nodes:–Through which lymph is filtered.
–Are found mainly in the axilla, groin, and the neck.
• No lymphatics in the CNS, bone marrow, spleen & eye.
![Page 32: THE HEART Dr : Sherif Mohamed Zaky Assistant professor of anatomy Faculty of medicine Cairo university](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051401/5697bf9a1a28abf838c92180/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
The SpleenThe Spleen
• It is a lymphatic organ present in the upper left part of the abdominal cavity
• Protected by the 9th , 10th & 11th ribs.
• The spleen is not palpable; if felt, it is at least 3 times its normal size
![Page 33: THE HEART Dr : Sherif Mohamed Zaky Assistant professor of anatomy Faculty of medicine Cairo university](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051401/5697bf9a1a28abf838c92180/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)