the greenhouse effect - network · photomorphogenesis . ... 1.because of the ‘greenhouse...
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THE GREENHOUSE EFFECT THE INFLUENCE OF: LIGHT, WATER & TEMPERATURE ON PLANT GROWTH
ACORN Presents: Organic Greenhouse Growers Conference Profiting From Your Greenhouse Effect: The Essentials Of Season Extension Debert Hospitality and Convention Centre February 28 – 29, 2012
THE GREENHOUSE EFFECT THE INFLUENCE OF: LIGHT, WATER & TEMPERATURE ON PLANT GROWTH
WHAT PLANTS NEED TO GROW
WHAT PLANTS NEED TO GROW
NUTRIENTS
WHAT PLANTS NEED TO GROW
NUTRIENTS WATER
WHAT PLANTS NEED TO GROW
NUTRIENTS WATER CO2 and O2
WHAT PLANTS NEED TO GROW
NUTRIENTS WATER CO2 and O2
LIGHT
WHAT PLANTS NEED TO GROW
NUTRIENTS WATER CO2 and O2
LIGHT (PROPER) TEMPERATURE
WHAT PLANTS NEED TO GROW
NUTRIENTS WATER CO2 and O2
LIGHT (PROPER) TEMPERATURE (Absence Of Pests)
WHAT PLANTS NEED TO GROW
NUTRIENTS WATER CO2 and O2
LIGHT (PROPER) TEMPERATURE (Absence Of Pests) (Nutrients, Water, & O2 Available Via a Substrate)
GROWING PLANTS IS BASICALLY: “THE HARVESTING OF LIGHT”
Photosynthesis
& Rate is Temperature Dependent
WHAT PLANTS NEED TO GROW
NUTRIENTS WATER CO2 and O2
LIGHT (PROPER) TEMPERATURE (Absence Of Pests) (Substrate)
WHAT PLANTS NEED TO GROW
NUTRIENTS WATER CO2 and O2
LIGHT (PROPER) TEMPERATURE (Absence Of Pests)
WATER
WHAT PLANTS NEED TO GROW
NUTRIENTS WATER CO2 and O2
LIGHT (PROPER) TEMPERATURE (Absence Of Pests)
CO2 CO2
O2 O2
WHAT PLANTS NEED TO GROW
NUTRIENTS WATER CO2 and O2
LIGHT (PROPER) TEMPERATURE (Absence Of Pests)
LIGHT
WHAT PLANTS NEED TO GROW
NUTRIENTS WATER CO2 and O2
LIGHT (PROPER) TEMPERATURE (Absence Of Pests)
TEMPERATURE
THE GREENHOUSE EFFECT THE INFLUENCE OF: LIGHT, WATER & TEMPERATURE ON PLANT GROWTH
Noggins Corner Farm Greenwich, NS - Fall 2009
Part – Time Farm Business Specializing in Landscape Perennials & Various Other �Specialty� (Mainly Ornamental) Crops / Products / Services
All Direct (Retail) Marketed Crops / Products: • Herbaceous Perennials (100�s of species / cv.) • �Late Season� Patio/Deck Planters (annuals) • Outdoor Cut Flowers (fresh & dried) • Christmas Decorative Products • Mid Season Lily Planters • Potted Roses • Culinary Herb Potted Gardens • Miscellaneous: Potted Dwarf Sunflowers, Potted Calla Lilies, Native
Plants, Lily Bulbs Services: Perennial (& Mixed) Border Designs
HILLENDALE PERENNIALS
annual planters
dried flowers fresh cut
flowers
potted sunflowers
potted herbs culinary
perennials
THE GREENHOUSE EFFECT THE INFLUENCE OF: LIGHT, WATER & TEMPERATURE ON PLANT GROWTH
WATER
Water Has 4 Main Roles (Broad Sense)
Solvent
- gases, inorganic and organic compounds are dissolved; the medium in which they enter cells.
Reagent - part of many cellular reactions and processes Structure - present in plant cells, maintain turgor.
Coolant - transpiration
Water • Quality and Quantity? • Too little / Too Much? • How Much: Crop, Stage of Growth, Outside Weather,
Season, Growing Medium, Method of Fertilization • How to Determine When plants Need Watering? • Water Stress Can Occur Under 4 conditions’ • How Applied? • When? • Soil Drainage (perimeter effect)
Relative Humidity
• Definition? • Optimum? • Control? Temperature (oC) H2O Content (g/m3) 0 4.9 10 9.5 20 17.8 30 31.8
LIGHT
LIGHT Major Photoresponses in Plants
1. Photosynthesis 2. Chlorophyll Synthesis 3. Phototropism 4. Photoperiodism 5. Photomorphogenesis
LIGHT Major Photoresponses in Plants
1. Photosynthesis 2. Chlorophyll Synthesis 3. Phototropism 4. Photoperiodism 5. Photomorphogenesis
Photosynthesis
& Rate is Temperature Dependent
LIGHT Major Photoresponses in Plants
1. Photosynthesis 2. Chlorophyll Synthesis 3. Phototropism 4. Photoperiodism 5. Photomorphogenesis
LIGHT Major Photoresponses in Plants
1. Photosynthesis 2. Chlorophyll Synthesis 3. Phototropism Phototropism is a directional growth response to light, that is a
bending response of plants stimulated by light. 4. Photoperiodism 5. Photomorphogenesis
LIGHT Major Photoresponses in Plants
1. Photosynthesis 2. Chlorophyll Synthesis 3. Phototropism 4. Photoperiodism short day, long day, & day neutral plants
5. Photomorphogenesis
LIGHT Major Photoresponses in Plants
1. Photosynthesis 2. Chlorophyll Synthesis 3. Phototropism 4. Photoperiodism 5. Photomorphogenesis
LIGHT Major Photoresponses in Plants
1. Photosynthesis 2. Chlorophyll Synthesis 3. Phototropism 4. Photoperiodism 5. Photomorphogenesis
LIGHT
Characteristics? Intensity -depends on? -measured in? -artificial? Duration Quality
LIGHT
Characteristics? Intensity in the greenhouse -depends on? Type of Structure (style & structural components) Covering Material(s) (type, # of layers, cleanliness, condensation) Greenhouse Orientation Latitude Local Climate & Weather Time of Year Shadows
Light
Plant Growth Rate (Photosynthesis – Respiration) • Light Compensation Point (mid Nov to mid February?) • Light Saturation Point
TEMPERATURE
Photosynthesis
& Rate is Temperature Dependent
Greenhouse Temperature; Factors To Consider
Greenhouses heat up for 2 reasons: 1.because of the ‘greenhouse effect’ 2. because the greenhouse is an enclosed space
Greenhouse Temperature; Factors To Consider
The extent to which the temperature of a greenhouse rises above outdoor temperatures is dependent on : 1. Amount of solar radiant energy transmitted through
the greenhouse covering 2. What happens to that energy 3. How much is retained within the structure
Greenhouse Temperature, As with Light Intensity, Also Influenced By:
Type of Structure (style & structural components) Covering Material(s) (type, # of layers, cleanliness, condensation) Greenhouse Orientation Latitude Local Climate & Weather Time of Year Shadows PLUS, OF COURSE, HEAT FROM ANY ARTIFICIAL HEATING SYSTEM
Greenhouse Temperature:
• Air temperature • Leaf Temperature • Substrate Temperature • Irrigation Water Temperature
Greenhouse Temperature • Basic Plant Growth Processes (Photosynthesis, Respiration, Protein Synthesis & Other Plant Processes)
• Plant Growth Rate (Photosynthesis – Respiration) • Optimum Day/Night Temperatures Combinations Temperature Affects (minimum, optimum, maximum)
Seed Germination Vegetative Growth Flowering (Flower Initiation & Development)
Greenhouse Temperature Substrate Temperature Affects: *decomposition of organic matter & availability of nutrients (effect on soil microorganisms; <10C?) *adsorption of water & nutrients Factors affecting substrate temperatures: greenhouse air temperature (lags?). -how much is influenced by substrate volume (shallow trays/small pots - larger containers – beds crop cover bench type container (pot) colour * Substrate temperature and plant diseases Pythium usually more severe at lower temperatures Rhizoctonia usually more severe at higher temperatures
Greenhouse Temperature
Temperature of the Irrigation Water: * irrigation water temperature and substrate temperature differential? * soilless substrates in containers versus soils in beds? * crops? * pathogens?
Temperature
• Temperature ranges (°C) for seed germination, growth and development of: – cool-season, – moderate-season, and – warm-season vegetable crops.
Temperature (Celsius)
Cool Season Crops: – Beet, Broad Bean, Broccoli, Brussels
Sprouts, Cabbage, Chard, Chives, Collards, Garlic, Kale, Leek, Onion, Parsnip, Peas, Radish, Rutabaga, Shallot, Spinach
• Seed Germination – Min=2; Opt=10-20; Max=35
• Development – Min=4; Opt=13-24; Max=30
Temperature (Celsius)
Moderate-Season Crops: – Artichoke, Carrot, Cauliflower, Celery,
Chinese Cabbages, Endive, Lettuce, Lima Bean, Mustard Greens, Parsley, Potato, Snap Beans, Sweet Corn
• Seed Germination – Min=4; Opt=13-28; Max=35
• Development – Min=7; Opt=15-26; Max=32
Temperature (Celsius)
Warm-Season Crops: – Cucumber, Eggplant, Melons, Okra,
Peppers (sweet and hot), Pumpkin, Squash, Sweet Potato
• Seed Germination – Min=15; Opt=20-30; Max=40
• Development – Min=15; Opt=18-25; Max=37
Temperature High & Low temperature injury High: Peas : >30C flower abortion Corn : >34C (poor pollination) plants can survive >45C for short
periods Low: Basil +10 Kale -14°C.
CROP �CATEGORIES��
• Baby Leaf Salad Greens • Cool Season Leafy Vegetables • Cool Season Heading Vegetables • Cool Season Root Vegetables • Warm Season Vegetables • Culinary Herbs • Cut Flowers • Small Fruit
QUESTIONS?