the greener aircraft
TRANSCRIPT
Greener Aircraft
A presentation by – • Pawan Rama Mali
The Perfect Flight
Greener Aircraft
What is Greener Aircraft
What results and benefits we expect? • Increased fuel efficiency• Reduced co2 emissions• Reduced Nox emissions• Reduced noise
How big is aviation's contribution to environmental change?
• Accounts for about 2% of total greenhouse gas emissions . • Warming effects due to formation of contrails and cirrus clouds.• The overall impact is about two to four times higher than of its CO2
emissions alone.• Noise emission
Condensation trails (contrails) Cirrus clouds
How does optimisation relate to saving the planet?
In a variety of ways:• Reduction in the use of natural resources (oil, gas, metals, etc.)• Reduction of the environmental impact of various activities
(production, travel, etc.)• Development of technologies for lessening of natural and man-
made disasters• Freeing up budgets for use on other environmental issues.
The Greenhouse effect
INCREASE IN THE SURFACE TEMPERATURE OF THE PLANET BY 1.0 DEGREES CELSIUS
The Commercial Aviation Challenge
2050
Aircraft Technology
Breaking away from tube with wings?
Blended Wing Body (BWB)
X-48, Boeing and NASA Langley Research Centre
What is a Blended wing body (BWB) concept ?
Efficient high-lift wings and a wide airfoil-shaped body. Contribute to lift generation with the result of potentially increased fuel
economy.
BWB Challenges
Cabin pressurization
The design uses ten intermediate chord-wise
(front-to-back) ribs to connect the upper and
lower wing skins.
Advanced composite material
Design problems
BWB compared to today's advanced aircraft
Better L/D Reduction in emissions Reduction in noise Increase of airport capacity Fuel burnt when compared to conventional
aircraft
ADVANTAGES OF (BWB) Fuel burn lower than its conventional
Airbus.
Take off weight lower
It will only require three instead of four engines
More fuel efficient.
Breaking away from tube with wings?
Boeing X-48B: 21-foot wingspan model UAV built by Cranfield Aerospace. Tests started in February 2007 at Edwards AF Base.
Grand challenges ahead
Possibly, the pressure for a greener aircraft would push the civil aviation development as hard as the stealth technology pushed the development of military aircraft.
Northrop Grumman B-2 Spirit Lockheed F-117 Nighthawk FF: 17 July 1989 FF: 18 June 1981
TechnologyThe A380 • 25% composite material in its structure, • Carbon fiber reinforced composite center wing box
saving 1.5 tons of weight.• Burns 20% less fuel per seat than its competitor
and that equals 20% less CO2 emissions, making the A380 a most eco-efficient aircraft.
TechnologyThe A350• 25% more fuel efficient • Over 3 tons less CO2 produced• 16 dB below the ICAO noise limit
TechnologyThe A320• 15% reduction in fuel consumption• Over 1100 tons of fuel saved per year
AIR TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT AND OPERATIONS
Air Traffic Management (ATM)Definition of ATM?
What are the effect of ATM on greenhouse gas ?
It contributes to global warming. It contribute to ozone depletion. Increase Noise pollution. Air traffic contributes today about 3% to global
greenhouse gas emissions, and it is expected to triple by 2050.
INITIATIVES TAKEN
Single European Sky ATM Research (SESAR) is a collaborative project to completely overhaul European airspace and its air traffic management (ATM).
Single European Sky ATM research(SESAR) initiative in Europe and in the US-led NextGen.
Objective of SESAR? highest operational efficiencies with more direct routings,
resulting in 10% less fuel consumption significant reductions in CO2 emissions and noise by
2020.
THE SESAR PROJECT IS COMPOSED OF THREE PHASES
Definition phase (2004–2008) Deliver ATM master plan defining the
content It is being led by euro control
Development phase (2008–2013)
produce required data –SESAR joint undertaking
Deployment phase (2014–2020)
large scale production & implementation
SESAR project is working parallel in the Next-Gen project within the United States USE GPS TECHNOLOGY Save time & fuel Reduces traffic delay
Airbus ProSky Intelligent ground ATM solution Maximizing efficiency of fuel Increase capacity
ALTERNATIVE FUELS
What are biofuels?A biofuel is defined as any fuel whose energy is obtained through a process of biological carbon fixation.
BIOFUEL / AGROFUEL
Sustainable Alternative Fuels
CLASSIFICATION OF BIOFUELSFirst
Generation• Sugarcane• Corn• Soybean• Vegetable Oils
Second Generation
•Jatropha•Camelina•Grasses etc
Third Generation
FIRST-GENERATION BIOFUELS
Food Crops
Processing in Mills
Sugar/Starch Content
Fermentation Ethanol
Direct Petroleum substitute or
additive
FIRST-GENERATION BIOFUELSCorn
• Advantages –Simple conversion to ethanol• Disadvantages – Food Staple with low production
Sugarcane
• Advantages -Higher yield than corn • Disadvantages -Limited region for cultivation, Food staple
Soybean
• Advantages -Grows in many regions• Disadvantages -Yield is very low, Food staple
Vegetable Oil
• Advantages -Widely used, easy to make Biodiesel• Disadvantages -Important Feedstock
NEED FOR NEXT GENRATION BIOFUELS
SECOND GENERATION BIOFUELS Sourced from non-food plants Processed and can either be burned directly or
converted by chemical processes to make high-quality jet and diesel fuels
Jatropha: produces seeds containinginedible lipid oil that can be used to produce fuel.
Camelina: Camelina oil is as a feedstock to produce renewable fuels. The left over “waste” from the oil extraction can also be used as feed for chickens in small proportions.
Halophytes are salt marsh grasses
Also known as advanced biofuels No longer fit for human consumption Must be grown on marginal land
SECOND GENERATION BIOFUEL
SECOND GENERATION BIOFUEL
Grasses
• Fast Growing and harvested few times per year• Low Fertilizer needs• Grow on Marginal Land• Very high energy yield
Jatropha
• Grows on marginal lands• 15% high yield than soybean
Waste Vegetable Oil
• It does not threaten the food chain• It is readily available• Easily convertible to Biodiesel• It is low in sulphur• No associated land use changes
THIRD GENERATION BIOFUELS
The list of fuels derived from algae
•Biodiesel•Butanol•Gasoline•Methane•Ethanol•Vegetable Oil•Jet Fuel
• It is potentially most promising feedstock
• Sustainable aviation biofuel • Growth in inhospitable places
ADVANTAGES OF BIOFUELS FOR AVIATION
Relative to fossil fuels, sustainably produced biofuelsresult in a reduction in CO2 emissions across theirlifecycle.
Environmental benefits
Diversified SupplyThe production of sustainable biofuels is flexible and biofuel feedstock can be grown in many places around the world according to the aviation industry’s needs and demands.
Economic benefits to parts of the world that have large amounts of marginal or unviable land for food crops, but are suitable for growing second-generation biofuel crops
PROVIDING ECONOMIC &
SOCIAL BENEFITS
POTENTIAL INNOVATIONS FOR THE FUTURE
SMART WING TECHNOLOGIES IMPROVING AIR TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT
PERFORMANCE SYSTEMS FOR GREENER OPERATIONS INNOVATIVE POWER PLANTS INNOVATIVE STRUCTURES OPTIMIZED MAINTENANCE
Questions ?