the great migration(s). seating by team color (choose a reporter) flashquiz : oral history (cr3)...

The Great Migration(s)

Seating by team color (choose a reporter)

Flashquiz : Oral History (CR3)

Discussion : Oral History

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Lesson 3 – The Great Migration(s)

Flashquiz: DuBois or Booker T?

Reading Assignment, to page 10

Seating by team color

Flashquiz : Oral History


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William Warfield was born in a sleepy Mississippi River town of West Helena, Arkansas, to a family of sharecroppers. His earliest memory was of the rows of cotton, as he bumped along on his grandmother’s sack in the fields. But by the time he was thirty years old, he had won rave reviews in a sensational debut at New York's Town Hall. In the course of a career that has spanned more than half a century, his incomparable voice and charismatic personality have electrified the stages of six continents and earned him the title of "America's Musical Ambassador". It is a career that has witnessed both social ferment and show-business revolution. In this uncommonly personal memoir, William Warfield and Alton Miller have written a unique history of Twentieth Century America. The serious student of music will find a probing lusciousness of the art and its techniques... buteveryone who enjoys the world of music will discover new insights into one one of the liveliest periods of American show business history.




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Survey Monkey

The following survey is very brief, but it will give us valuable feedback on your experience in the class and

in the New Student Commons. So please take the time to complete and submit the survey. Thank you. https://www.surveymonkey.com/r/bigchimiller




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were a

BIGThe Great Migration(s)

DEAL


Six million African Americans moved out of the rural Southern U.S. to the urban Northeast, Midwest, and West, between 1910 and 1970– First great migration: 1910-1930– Second great migration: 1940-1970


https://www.centerstage.org/marainey/DigitalDramaturgy/Chicago/BlackMetropolisTheGreatMigration.aspx

One way to beat Jim Crow – pack up and take off!


“In 1914 the tide of European migration was suddenly reversed. As country after country was drawn into the First World War, foreign-born men streamed home from Pittsburgh and Cleveland, Detroit and Toledo, from mills and mines, to shoulder arms. Immigration virtually ceased. Chicago, too, lost thousands of workmen.



For the first time, southern African-Americans were actually being invited, even urged, to come to Chicago.

• Why Chicago?

• Why Chicago? Our city already had a vibrant (and comparatively well-off) African American community. It was also the site of publication of the nation’s most widely read African American newspaper, The Chicago Defender, which lobbied tirelessly for migration from the South. These and other factors made it an important destination.

African American History, by Melba J. Duncan, 2003 , p. 91


Turn a deaf ear to everybody. … You see they are not lifting their laws to help you. Are they? Have they stopped their Jim Crow cars? Can you buy a Pullman sleeper where you wish? Will they give you a square deal in court yet? Once upon a time we permitted other people to think for us—today we are thinking and acting for ourselves with the result that our ‘friends’ are getting alarmed at our progress. We’d like to oblige these unselfish (?) souls and remain slaves in the South, but to their section of the country we have said, as the song goes, ‘I hear you calling me,’ and have boarded the train singing, ‘Good-bye, Dixie Land.’


Key Events in the Great Migration

• 1883: The Supreme Court nullifies the Civil Rights Act of 1866

• 1892: The Court upholds “separate but equal”• 1900-1910: upwards of 846 lynchings• 1913: Boll weevil wreaks havoc on cotton agriculture• 1917: U.S. enters World War I

African American History, by Melba J. Duncan, 2003, p. 91


Impact:W.E.B. DuBois: As to the reasons of the migration,

undoubtedly, the immediate cause was economic, and the movement began because of floods in middle Alabama and Mississippi and because the latest devastation of the boll weevil came in these same districts.African American History, by Melba J. Duncan, 2003, p. 91


Impact:W.E.B. DuBois: A second economic cause was the

cutting off of immigration from Europe to the North and the consequently wide-spread demand for common labor...

African American History, by Melba J. Duncan, 2003, p. 91


Impact:W.E.B. DuBois: The third reason has been outbreaks of

mob violence in northern and southwestern Georgia and in western South Carolina. These have been the three immediate causes, but back of them is, undoubtedly, the general dissatisfaction with the conditions of the South..African American History, by Melba J. Duncan, 2003, p. 91


Impact:W.E.B. DuBois: At any rate, we face here a social

change among American Negroes of great moment, and one which needs to be watched with intelligent interest.

W. E. B. Du Bois, "The Migration of Negroes," Crisis (June 1917): 63-66


Impact:Booker T. Washington offered black acquiescence in

disfranchisement and social segregation if whites would encourage black progress in economic and educational opportunity. Hailed as a sage by whites of both sections, Washington further consolidated his influence by his widely read autobiography Up From Slavery (1901), http://docsouth.unc.edu/fpn/washington/bio.html


Impact:His speaking tours and private persuasion tried to equalize public educational opportunities and to reduce racial violence. These efforts were generally unsuccessful, and the year of Washington's death marked the beginning of the Great Migration from the rural South to the urban North. Washington's racial philosophy, pragmatically adjusted to the limiting conditions of his own era, did not survive the change.

http://docsouth.unc.edu/fpn/washington/bio.html




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Discussion: DuBois or Booker T?





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