the great awakening. religion softens religious fanaticism had died down by 1700 most active...
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Response to the Enlightenment European intellectual movement Favored a return to ancient philosophy (Greeks & Romans) Emphasized rationalism over emotionalism or spirituality REASON OVER FAITHTRANSCRIPT
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The Great Awakening
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Religion Softens
• Religious fanaticism had died down by 1700
• Most active attendance at church was female
• Most settlers had little to no access to organized religion
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Response to the Enlightenment• European intellectual movement • Favored a return to ancient philosophy (Greeks &
Romans)• Emphasized rationalism over emotionalism or
spirituality• REASON OVER FAITH
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Response to Enlightenment• Between 1730-1760
(1720s-1740s) a religious revival occurred, probably as a response to the Enlightenment
• Started in Europe, quickly spread to the colonies
• Started by traditional churches in an attempt to invigorate and increase membership
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Keys to Great Awakening
• Large revival meetings began with itinerant preachers often criticizing the traditional churches
• “New Light” preachers often attracted large crowds due to their speaking ability
• By emphasizing the power of an emotional connection and personal inspiration from God, religious fervor spread across the colonies (first in New England and traveling south)
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Itinerant Preachers• Jonathan Edwards
(Congregationalist)• Preached a severe,
predetermined doctrines of Calvinism
• Famous for his fiery, graphic descriptions of Hell
• Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God (1741)
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The God that holds you over the pit of hell, much as one holds a spider, or someloathsome insect, over the fire, abhors you, and is dreadfully provoked; his wrath towardsyou burns like fire; he looks upon you as worthy of nothing else, but to be cast into thefire; he is of purer eyes than to bear to have you in his sight; you are ten thousand times soabominable in his eyes as the most hateful venomous serpent is in ours…there is nothing else that is to be given as a reason why you don’t this very moment drop down into hell.
Johnathan Edwards, Sinners in the hands of an Angry God
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Itinerant Preachers
• George Whitefield (Methodist)• Based sermons on
emotion & spirituality (like Southern Evangelicals of today)
• Came over from England and was key in bringing the Great Awakening to the colonies
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Effects of the Great Awakening on
Religion in America
• Increased religious fervor in the colonies
• Weakened organized religion
• Religious services changed dramatically with the addition of emotional public admissions of sin and sinners being “saved” in front of the congregation
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Effects of Great Awakening on the American Colonies
• First time colonists from all 13 colonies shared a common experience
• Affected all the colonies regardless of social class, national origin, or occupation
• New sects and divisions with the Protestant faith arose: Baptists and Methodists
First “American” Experience!!!
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Effects of Great Awakening on the American Colonies (cont.)
• Demand for “New Light” ministers led to increased need for Dartmouth, Rutgers, Princeton, Brown, Harvard, and Yale
• Emotional and personal connection with God came to define the American form of worship
• The questioning of religious leadership led many to question political leadership next
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Effects of Great Awakening on
Slavery
• Brought Christianity to slaves
• Began Abolitionism (especially in North)
• Coincided with founding of Great Awakening faiths like the Methodists and Baptists (most common slave denominations)