The Games The Games andand

A Day at Rome A Day at Rome

By David TinianowBy David Tinianow

The GamesThe Games

In Rome, the games were very important to all of In Rome, the games were very important to all of the citizensthe citizens

The games provided free entertainment to all The games provided free entertainment to all citizenscitizens

Poor and unemployed people looked forward to Poor and unemployed people looked forward to these exciting events in their tedious, dull livesthese exciting events in their tedious, dull lives

Magistrates and wealthy people anticipated Magistrates and wealthy people anticipated boasting their wealth and social status at these boasting their wealth and social status at these eventsevents

They were held all over the Roman world, including They were held all over the Roman world, including Verulamium and Careleon in BritainVerulamium and Careleon in Britain

The GamesThe Games

http://www.esc2.net/TIEYear3/projects/rome/Images/lion.JPG

Tensions in the GamesTensions in the Games

The entertainment did not defuse The entertainment did not defuse social tensionssocial tensions

Conflict between classes would occurConflict between classes would occur 59 AD: A riot breaks out at the 59 AD: A riot breaks out at the

gladiatorial games at Pompeii which gladiatorial games at Pompeii which results in closure of the amphitheatre results in closure of the amphitheatre for 10 yearsfor 10 years

Roman ShowsRoman Shows During the first century BC shows in Rome During the first century BC shows in Rome

generally consisted of:generally consisted of: Theatric performances Theatric performances Gladiatorial displays Gladiatorial displays Conclusion with the chariot racesConclusion with the chariot races

http://www.wilsonsalmanac.com/images2/circus_max3.jpg

TheatreTheatre

Drama consisted largely of comedies, Drama consisted largely of comedies, slapstick, acrobatics, ballet and slapstick, acrobatics, ballet and mime, knockabout farcemime, knockabout farce

Serious drama was generally Serious drama was generally unpopular unpopular It was outdone in spectacle created by It was outdone in spectacle created by

the sponsor in a bid for popular appealthe sponsor in a bid for popular appeal

Gladiator’s ArenaGladiator’s Arena Rome’s first permanent amphitheatre Rome’s first permanent amphitheatre

was built in 29 BCwas built in 29 BC Until 29 BC, exhibitions of wild beast Until 29 BC, exhibitions of wild beast

and gladiator battles took place in the and gladiator battles took place in the forum and Circus Maximusforum and Circus Maximus

From the Film

“Gladiator”

GladiatorsGladiators

http://www.psychicworld.net/roman.jpg

Gladiatorial ShowGladiatorial Show

Began with a grand parade featuring Began with a grand parade featuring gladiators dressed in gold and purple gladiators dressed in gold and purple robes riding in chariotsrobes riding in chariots

Music was made with brass and wind Music was made with brass and wind instruments and a hydraulic organinstruments and a hydraulic organ

GladiatorsGladiators

Gladiators put in no-hope situations were Gladiators put in no-hope situations were criminals who were condemned to death; criminals who were condemned to death; sometimes these scenarios involved wild beastssometimes these scenarios involved wild beasts

Proper gladiators had some chance of survivalProper gladiators had some chance of survival If a gladiator survived long enough or If a gladiator survived long enough or

impressed they could earn their freedom from impressed they could earn their freedom from the arenathe arena

Many gladiators earned a mass following in the Many gladiators earned a mass following in the crowd, especially among femalescrowd, especially among females

Gladiators and Their Gladiators and Their EquipmentEquipment

Samnite – Heavily armed with a Samnite – Heavily armed with a large oblong shield and a large oblong shield and a sword/spear; protected by a sword/spear; protected by a visored helmet, and protection on visored helmet, and protection on right arm and legright arm and leg

Thraex – Armed with reversed Thraex – Armed with reversed sickle and protected by a light sickle and protected by a light shield and helmetshield and helmet

Retiarius – Lightly armed with only Retiarius – Lightly armed with only a tunic, a trident, a dagger, and a a tunic, a trident, a dagger, and a netnet

Model Retiarius Gladiator

http://www.gijoecanada.com/images/ignite_gladiator%20retiarius%20ign-ar037.jpg

Gladiator ShowGladiator Show Gladiator battles were Gladiator battles were

very brutalvery brutal The crowd determined The crowd determined

whether an opponent whether an opponent at mercy to another at mercy to another should be finished off should be finished off Thumbs up meant spare Thumbs up meant spare

himhim Thumbs pointed at one’s Thumbs pointed at one’s

own chest meant kill himown chest meant kill him The winner received a The winner received a

crown and prize moneycrown and prize money

http://www.qwipster.net/gladiator.jpg

Gladiator FactsGladiator Facts

In 80 AD, during a staged hunt in the In 80 AD, during a staged hunt in the Colosseum, 5000 wild beasts were killed in Colosseum, 5000 wild beasts were killed in a single daya single day

Incense-burners were used to eliminate Incense-burners were used to eliminate the stench of dead animalsthe stench of dead animals

Boys covered pools of blood with sandBoys covered pools of blood with sand After a victim had fallen, Mercury (who led After a victim had fallen, Mercury (who led

soulds into the Underworld) came on and soulds into the Underworld) came on and used a hot iron to make sure they were used a hot iron to make sure they were deaddead

The Race ArenaThe Race Arena The Circus MaximusThe Circus Maximus

Huge rectangle with semicircular endsHuge rectangle with semicircular ends Seats holding up to 250,000 spectatorsSeats holding up to 250,000 spectators Located between Palatine and Aventine Located between Palatine and Aventine

hillshills Men and Women could sit togetherMen and Women could sit together

The RacesThe Races

Praetor dropped white cloth to start racePraetor dropped white cloth to start race Chariots ran from 12 starting boxesChariots ran from 12 starting boxes Normal race consisted of 7 laps on the 1,200 yard Normal race consisted of 7 laps on the 1,200 yard

tracktrack Turning posts were known as metae which Turning posts were known as metae which

consisted of 3 cones of gilded bronzeconsisted of 3 cones of gilded bronze Central area was known as the spina or backboneCentral area was known as the spina or backbone Every time a lap was completed, an egg and Every time a lap was completed, an egg and

dolphin were lowereddolphin were lowered A skillful sport which involved racing about 5 A skillful sport which involved racing about 5

miles for around 15 minutesmiles for around 15 minutes

The RacersThe Racers

Charioteers were mainly slavesCharioteers were mainly slaves If slaves were popular enough from If slaves were popular enough from

performance, they might be able to make performance, they might be able to make enough money to buy their freedomenough money to buy their freedom

Four companies of trainers hired out Four companies of trainers hired out teams to promoters who paid all expensesteams to promoters who paid all expenses

Racers wore colors of their stablesRacers wore colors of their stables RedRed, , Pale GreenPale Green, , Sea BlueSea Blue, White, White

Gambling was illegal but was held on a Gambling was illegal but was held on a massive scalemassive scale

A Day at RomeA Day at Rome The following The following

accounts for an accounts for an ordinary Roman who ordinary Roman who wants to climb higher wants to climb higher in the social orderin the social order

http://www.uvi.edu/pub-relations/current_events/carnival_04_costumes/images/roman_man.jpg

A Day at Rome: Early A Day at Rome: Early MorningMorning

He wakes up in a simply furnished bedroom He wakes up in a simply furnished bedroom and splashes some water on himselfand splashes some water on himself

He has slept in a tunic and changes into a togaHe has slept in a tunic and changes into a toga The toga signifies his being a Roman citizenThe toga signifies his being a Roman citizen

He has a light breakfast (or none at all) which He has a light breakfast (or none at all) which consists of bread with cheese or honey and consists of bread with cheese or honey and milkmilk

He then travels to visit his patron who he He then travels to visit his patron who he hopes will help him gain success through hopes will help him gain success through returned favorsreturned favors

A Day at Rome: Early A Day at Rome: Early MorningMorning

A Roman Dressed in His Toga and Ready To Go

http://www.novaroma.org/vici/images/thumb/300px-Cincinnatus-toga.jpg

A Day at Rome: DaybreakA Day at Rome: Daybreak

He presents himself at the house of his He presents himself at the house of his patronpatron This morning greeting is known as salutatioThis morning greeting is known as salutatio

He hopes for an invitation to dinner or a He hopes for an invitation to dinner or a small gift of money known as a sportulasmall gift of money known as a sportula

Sometimes his patron insists that he Sometimes his patron insists that he accompany him to the forum to partake accompany him to the forum to partake in business – political, legal, and financialin business – political, legal, and financial

A Day at Rome: LunchA Day at Rome: Lunch

A small break is had for lunchA small break is had for lunch Lunch is a light meal that consists of fish, eggs, or Lunch is a light meal that consists of fish, eggs, or

pork with vegetables followed by fruitpork with vegetables followed by fruit After a brief break, he would probably get some After a brief break, he would probably get some

exerciseexercise He may visit the Campus Martius, which is known He may visit the Campus Martius, which is known

as the playground of ancient Romeas the playground of ancient Rome All sports were practiced hereAll sports were practiced here People went for strolls People went for strolls Military training took placeMilitary training took place

Strong current in river provided energetic Strong current in river provided energetic swimmingswimming

A Day at Rome: AfternoonA Day at Rome: Afternoon

He goes to the public baths, known as balnea, to clean He goes to the public baths, known as balnea, to clean himselfhimself

Many of these baths were very cheapMany of these baths were very cheap He would change in the changing room (apodyterium)He would change in the changing room (apodyterium) Then he would immerse himself in warm water in the warm Then he would immerse himself in warm water in the warm

room (tepidarium)room (tepidarium) Next he went into the hot room (calidarium)Next he went into the hot room (calidarium)

This room was heated by a system under the floor known as This room was heated by a system under the floor known as the hypocaustthe hypocaust

After a brief bath he oiled himself with olive oil and scraped After a brief bath he oiled himself with olive oil and scraped it off with a strigilit off with a strigil

Then he went to the cold room (frigidarium) where he dove Then he went to the cold room (frigidarium) where he dove into cold waterinto cold water

Finally he dried himself with a towel and went back into the Finally he dried himself with a towel and went back into the changing roomchanging room

A Day at Rome: AfternoonA Day at Rome: Afternoon

Olive Oil and Strigil

http://www.ngfl-cymru.org.uk/vtc/ngfl/eng/ks2/history/romans/caerleon_challenge/media/images/oil%20jar%20and%20strigil.jpg

Roman Baths in Bath

http://www-staff.it.uts.edu.au/~jenny/photos/2006/uk2006n/slides/Roman%20Baths.JPG

A Day at Rome: DinnerA Day at Rome: Dinner

Dinner (cena) is a big affair for himDinner (cena) is a big affair for him It is considered short if it lasts only It is considered short if it lasts only

three Roman hoursthree Roman hours There is plenty of eating, There is plenty of eating,

conversation, and entertainmentconversation, and entertainment After dinner, he returns home through After dinner, he returns home through

dark and narrow Roman streets dark and narrow Roman streets hoping he will not get muggedhoping he will not get mugged

A Day at Rome: TimeA Day at Rome: Time

There were twelve hours in a Roman There were twelve hours in a Roman dayday

Each hour compromised a twelfth of Each hour compromised a twelfth of the time from sunrise to sunsetthe time from sunrise to sunset

Hours in the summer were longer in Hours in the summer were longer in the winterthe winter They varied between ¾ and 1 ¾ modern They varied between ¾ and 1 ¾ modern

hourshours

By David Tinianow

http://www.vroma.org/images/mcmanus_images/circus_model.jpg