the future of natural gas engines for truck and bus
DESCRIPTION
The Future of Natural Gas Engines for Truck and Bus. David Lynch Cummins Westport Inc. Why Diesel?. Why Natural Gas?. Complex Hydro Carbon. Simplest Hydro Carbon. Highest hydrogen-to-carbon ratio of any hydrocarbon. Fuel Price History. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: The Future of Natural Gas Engines for Truck and Bus](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062802/5681449c550346895db14828/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
The Future of Natural Gas Engines
for Truck and Bus
David LynchCummins Westport Inc.
![Page 2: The Future of Natural Gas Engines for Truck and Bus](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062802/5681449c550346895db14828/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Why Diesel?
![Page 3: The Future of Natural Gas Engines for Truck and Bus](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062802/5681449c550346895db14828/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
C15 Rev 6/98
![Page 4: The Future of Natural Gas Engines for Truck and Bus](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062802/5681449c550346895db14828/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Why Natural Gas?
![Page 5: The Future of Natural Gas Engines for Truck and Bus](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062802/5681449c550346895db14828/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Complex Hydro Carbon
Simplest Hydro Carbon
Highest hydrogen-to-carbon ratio of any
hydrocarbon
![Page 6: The Future of Natural Gas Engines for Truck and Bus](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062802/5681449c550346895db14828/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Fuel Price History
Price History for Crude Oil, Diesel Fuel, and Pipeline Industrial Natural Gas
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
Jan-94 Jan-95 Jan-96 Jan-97 Jan-98 Jan-99 Jan-00 Jan-01 Jan-02 Jan-03 Jan-04 Jan-05 Jan-06 Jan-07
Pri
ce
US
ce
nts
pe
r d
iese
l-e
qu
iva
len
t g
allo
n].
0.00
10.00
20.00
30.00
40.00
50.00
60.00
70.00
Pri
ce
US
Do
llars
pe
r B
arr
el
U.S. No 2 Diesel Retail Sales by All Sellers [Cents per Gallon]
Price of Natural Gas Sold to Commercial Consumers in the U.S. [Cents per Diesel-Equivalent Gallon (Westport unit conversion)]
Cushing, OK WTI Spot Price FOB [Dollars per Barrel]Diesel Fuel
Natural Gas
Crude Oil
Natural gas has been 25- 42% cheaper than Diesel over last 14 years
![Page 7: The Future of Natural Gas Engines for Truck and Bus](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062802/5681449c550346895db14828/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
OEM Availability-Transit
Neoplan AN 440 TLF
Neoplan AN 440 LFNABI 60LFW
Orion VII LF
NABI 40LFW
![Page 8: The Future of Natural Gas Engines for Truck and Bus](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062802/5681449c550346895db14828/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
OEM Availability-Refuse
Autocar WXLL
Peterbuilt 320
Sterling Condor
Autocar Expeditor
![Page 9: The Future of Natural Gas Engines for Truck and Bus](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062802/5681449c550346895db14828/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
U.S. Emissions Standards Continue to Evolve
0.010.01 0.100.10
0.20.2
1.21.2
2.52.5
4.04.0
5.05.0
19941994
19981998
20022002
20072007
20102010
PARTICULATE [g/ HPPARTICULATE [g/ HP--hr]hr]0.00.0
0.00.0
NO
x /
NO
x+
NM
HC [
g/H
PN
Ox /
NO
x+
NM
HC [
g/H
P-- h
r]hr]
15 PPM15 PPM
500 PPM500 PPM
SULFURSULFUR
0.010.01 0.100.10
0.20.2
1.21.2
2.52.5
4.04.0
5.05.0
19941994
19981998
20022002
20072007
20102010
PARTICULATE [g/ HPPARTICULATE [g/ HP--hr]hr]0.00.0
0.00.0
NO
x /
NO
x+
NM
HC [
g/H
PN
Ox /
NO
x+
NM
HC [
g/H
P-- h
r]hr]
15 PPM15 PPM
500 PPM500 PPM
SULFURSULFUR
Urban Bus
Phase-In Period
![Page 10: The Future of Natural Gas Engines for Truck and Bus](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062802/5681449c550346895db14828/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
What is changing?
Higher vehicle pricing for new technology
Higher cost of Ultra Low Sulfur diesel fuel
SCR for 2010
The shifting economics of diesel operation
![Page 11: The Future of Natural Gas Engines for Truck and Bus](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062802/5681449c550346895db14828/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Consider the Natural Gas Alternative
Things have changed
Natural gas not for everyone
Natural gas as the lower cost alternative
![Page 12: The Future of Natural Gas Engines for Truck and Bus](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062802/5681449c550346895db14828/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Diesel / NG Pathways to 2010
DieselULSDActive Diesel Particulate FiltersCEGR (ISC/ISL)NOx Adsorber or SCR
SCR more efficient but a liquid that will be regulated and taxed
Crank Case Ventilation (CV) ’07Lube Oil
Will require new, low ash oilNew Oil Filters
=1.2 NOx + 0.01 PM in 20070.2 NOx + 0.01 PM in 2010
Natural Gas No change- CNG or LNG capable Replace Oxicat with Three Way Catalyst Add- CEGR (ISL G) No NOX adsorber required
No CV required–reduced maintenance vs. LBSI
No Change- Low Ash Oil in use today CES20074
Fleetguard Filter
= 0.2 NOx + 0.01 PM in 2007
![Page 13: The Future of Natural Gas Engines for Truck and Bus](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062802/5681449c550346895db14828/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Engine Technologyfor 2007
![Page 14: The Future of Natural Gas Engines for Truck and Bus](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062802/5681449c550346895db14828/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
The Two Key EmissionTechnologies for 2007 Natural Gas Engines
Cooled Exhaust Gas Recirculation (CEGR)
Three Way Catalyst (TWC)
Cummins
Fleetguard
![Page 15: The Future of Natural Gas Engines for Truck and Bus](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062802/5681449c550346895db14828/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Natural Gas Technology Featuring Stoichiometric Cooled
EGRLowest emissions with use of simple passive TWCHigher efficiency with combustion enhancements8.9 litre stoichiometric EGR engine with ratings 250- 320 hp
Improved clutch engagement torqueHigher efficiency/improved fuel economyReliability/DurabilityCummins diesel parts
0.2 NOx in 2007
vs. 1.2 Phase in Provision
![Page 16: The Future of Natural Gas Engines for Truck and Bus](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062802/5681449c550346895db14828/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Introducing Next Generation 2007 Natural Gas Engine Technology ISL G will meet 2010 emissions standards
ahead of schedule (0.2 g/bhp-hr NOx, 0.01 g/bhp-hr PM)
85% lower NOx than C Gas Plus34% more torque at idle Improved efficiency=improved fuel economyNo exhaust related maintenance costs
![Page 17: The Future of Natural Gas Engines for Truck and Bus](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062802/5681449c550346895db14828/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Specifications
Maximum Horsepower
320 bhp300 bhp280 bhp250 bhp*
238 kW224 kW209 kW186 kW
Peak Torque 1000 lb-ft860 lb-ft900 lb-ft660 lb-ft*
1356 Nm1166 Nm1220 Nm895 Nm
Governed Speed 2200 rpm
Engine Displacement
540 cu. in. 8.93 L
Aftertreatment Three Way Catalyst (Maintenance Free)
* Note: ISL G 250 will be available Jan 2008
![Page 18: The Future of Natural Gas Engines for Truck and Bus](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062802/5681449c550346895db14828/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Highway/Energy BillPrivate Fleets
0.067 0.203 0.136 0.55 0.419
LNG $/ DGE
CNG$ / DGE
CNG$ / DGE
To Fleet
To Fuel Provider
To Fuel Provider
Old Tax
New TaxOct 1, 2006
Net BenefitOct 1, 2006
Up to $32,000 Vehicle Tax Credit
Up to $30,000 Infrastructure Tax Credit To Fleet
Energy Bill*
Highway Bill*
All Infrastructure
Don’t Own Infrastructure
Own Infrastructure
0.067 0.203 0.136 0.55 0.419
TaxCredi
t
0.202 0.413 0.211 0.85 0.639
To Fleet
Net Tax
Increase
* CWI’s Interpretation Subject to IRS Rule Making
![Page 19: The Future of Natural Gas Engines for Truck and Bus](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062802/5681449c550346895db14828/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
LCC
Life Cycle Costing
![Page 20: The Future of Natural Gas Engines for Truck and Bus](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062802/5681449c550346895db14828/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
LCC Analysis – US Urban Bus
($15,000)
($10,000)
($5,000)
$0
$5,000
$10,000
$15,000
2004-2006 2007-2009 2010+
Rel
ativ
e A
nn
ual
Co
sts
(US
$/u
nit
/yr)
Diesel Diesel Electric Hybrid Natural Gas
Model Year
$1472$2269
$655
$3191
($836) ($955)
Natural Gas with Energy & Highway Bill Provisions
($9263)($10,305) ($10305)
$1746
Diesel Electric Hybrid with Energy Bill Provisions
$2786
$1067$1370$1496
![Page 21: The Future of Natural Gas Engines for Truck and Bus](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062802/5681449c550346895db14828/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
LCC Analysis - Refuse Collection
($15,000)
($10,000)
($5,000)
$0
$5,000
$10,000
$15,000
2004-2006 2007-2009 2010+
Rel
ativ
e A
nn
ual
Co
sts
(US
$/u
nit
/yr)
Diesel Cummins Westport
Model Year
Cummins Westport with Energy & Highway Bill Provisions
Private($4144)
Private($4144)
Private($3337)
$5743
$1675$2498
$2573$2498
Public($5962)
Public($6644)
Public($6644)
Baseline
NO
x E
mis
sio
n L
eve
l (g
/bh
p-h
r)
0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
![Page 22: The Future of Natural Gas Engines for Truck and Bus](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062802/5681449c550346895db14828/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Conclusions
The economics of vehicle operations are shifting
Energy/Highway Bill funding makes Natural Gas a Bargain.
Some businesses will profit from the opportunity.
![Page 23: The Future of Natural Gas Engines for Truck and Bus](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062802/5681449c550346895db14828/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Key Characteristics-Diesel vs. NG Natural Gas Engines Continuous Improvement
L 10 G C 8.3 C Plus ’07 Gas
Emissions Better Better Better Better
Reliability Worse Worse Similar Similar
Fuel Cost/Mile Worse Worse Similar Better
Durability Worse Worse Similar Similar
LCC Worse Worse Worse Better
Timeline 1989 1996 2001 2007
![Page 24: The Future of Natural Gas Engines for Truck and Bus](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062802/5681449c550346895db14828/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
What is over the Horizon ?
LCNG
LFG to LNG
HCNG
![Page 25: The Future of Natural Gas Engines for Truck and Bus](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062802/5681449c550346895db14828/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
What is Next?
Think about what happens next with Diesel.
Think about using Natural Gas for the right applications.
Find the best alternative for your duty cycle.
![Page 26: The Future of Natural Gas Engines for Truck and Bus](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062802/5681449c550346895db14828/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Change is Inevitable
“except from a vending machine”