bus and truck charging interface

© 2015 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.

Bus and Truck

Charging Interface

Presenter: Mark Kosowski, EPRI

Meeting

March 29, 2016

2© 2015 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.

Bus and Truck Charging Interface Group

There is a need to standardize bus charging prior to building an infrastructure including depot, wireless, and overhead charging

Discussion points are standardizing and understanding the utility and bus interfaces

Meetings occur about 3 times per year adjacent to the IWC meetings

Lots of Interest from – Utilities,

– Bus Manufacturers,

– Transit Authorities,

– Charger Manufacturers, and

– Laboratories


Current Participants

Currently, there more than 105 participants on the roster

This meeting has 40 registrants

OEMs (11) Utilities (12) Transit Authorities (6) Charger Manufacturers (7) Organizations (10)

BYD Alabama Power APTA ABB CalStart

BAE Systems APS Foothill Transit Clipper Creek CARB

Complete Coach Centerpoint Chicago Eaton CEC

Ebus Exelon Metro Transit- Minn EVO Charge CTE

Gillig Hydro-Quebec New York City Siemens EEI

New Flyer NYPA LA County Toshiba EPRI

OLEV PG&E Wave REMA

Opbrid SCE SAE

Proterra SDG&E Sierra Club

Transpower SMUD UL

Volvo- Nova Bus SRP

TVA


Bus and Truck Charging Interface Group

At least four charging interfacing standards have emerged–Manual DC connection at high power- SAE J-1772

An existing document that will make provisions for the higher power needs of the busses

–Wireless connection at high power- SAE J-2954

A developing document that will make provisions for the higher power needs of the busses

–Overhead connection at high power- SAE J-3105

New document which started late last year

–Manual 3 phase AC at high power- SAE J-3068

New document that is getting good acceptance


IWC Meeting Notice

The Infrastructure Working Council (IWC)

meets tomorrow at this same place.

The IWC has been meeting 3 to 4 times a year

since the mid 1990s

The IWC brings the electric industry together-

utilities, light duty OEMs, SAE, and other

bodies, to discuss the issues and bring

understanding


CARB Workgroup Meeting Notice

Subject: bus-act -- Electric Utility and Transit Fleet Electrification Workgroup Meeting on April 8, 2016

ARB is holding a public meeting to discuss heavy duty fleet transportation electrification opportunities with transit fleets on Friday, April 8, 2016. Featured speakers include representatives from California Public Utility Commission, Los Angeles Department of Water & Power, Sacramento Municipal Utility District, Pacific Gas & Electricity, San Diego Gas & Electric, Southern California Edison, and energy storage technology providers. Topics include background on SB350 and transportation electrification, transit agency needs and concerns, electricity costs and demand charges, long-term price signal, infrastructure, and user side management. All interested parties are welcome to participate. The meeting agenda is posted at http://www.arb.ca.gov/msprog/bus/utwg160408agenda.pdf.

The time and location for the meeting are as follows:

10:00 a.m. to 4:00 p.m., Friday, April 8, 2016

Sierra Hearing Room

Cal/EPA Headquarters Building

1001 I Street, Sacramento, California 95814

This workshop will be webcast and can be watched at http://www.calepa.ca.gov/broadcast/?BDO=1. Stakeholders viewing by webcast can submit comments and questions to staff during the workshop through email at [email protected]. All workshop materials, including agenda, presentations, etc. will be posted on the Advanced Clean Transit website at:

http://www.arb.ca.gov/msprog/bus/actmeetings.htm.

If you have any questions regarding this workshop, please contact Yachun Chow, Manager, Zero Emission Truck and Bus Section, at [email protected] or at (916) 322-7450.

http://www.arb.ca.gov/msprog/bus/utwg160408agenda.pdf

http://www.calepa.ca.gov/broadcast/?BDO=1

mailto:[email protected]

http://www.arb.ca.gov/msprog/bus/actmeetings.htm



Bus Charging Interface Group

Next Meeting

Please let me know if you are interested and a

registration form will go out later

When

Tuesday, June 7, 2016

Where

Seattle, Washington

Hosted by

Seattle City Light


Together…Shaping the Future of Electricity


SAE J-3105 Status

Overhead Charging


March 29, 2016


Meeting Schedule and Membership

A link to the SAE membership form is shown below. If desired,

please fill in form and send back to Mark Kosowski for

membership. It is not required to be an SAE member to be on

committee. Also there are different levels of participation.

http://www.sae.org/standardsdev/participationReq/

Also the meeting minutes, documents and meetings will be at

the link below, but you need to be a member of the committee.

http://www.sae.org/servlets/works/committeeHome.do?comtID=

TEVHYB13

Meeting Schedule

2nd and 4th Thursdays of the month at 11 am ET (late in Europe and early

for California)

http://www.sae.org/standardsdev/participationReq/

http://www.sae.org/servlets/works/committeeHome.do?comtID=TEVHYB13


Overhead Charging Document

Overhead connection at high power- SAE J-3105

–Document wants to standardize the interface between the

Overhead infrastructure and the bus

–Committee meets twice a month

Power Levels

Power Configurations

Connection Points

Communications

Safety

Alignment Protocol


Requirements of Existing Overhead Systems

Overhead Charging systems and their existing design elements are being identified

Item Item Category Proterra Siemens ABB New Flyer F+F Opbrid Opbrid #2 Schunk SLS101 Schunk SLS201In Use Today Design Experience yes yes Yes yes yes Yes Yes

Number of Revenue Locations Active Design Experience 13 1 3

Approximate Number of Charges Design Experience >2500 Since 1Q 2015

Compatibility Physical Connection New Flyer

Proprietary

Volvo/Siemens/A

BB OR "Trukbaar"

In-Line Contacts

Compatibility Communication New Flyer

Proprietary

Volvo/Siemens/A

BB WiFi 15118

Volvo interface and

others

OEMs VDL, Solaris Hybricon VDL, Solaris

Power Configuration Charge Rate DC DC DC DC DC DC DC

Max Current In Use (A) with duration Charge Rate 1200 450 1000A over 30s

500A over 15min

900A 5 minutes 1000A over 30s

500A over 15min

1000A over 30s

500A over 15min

Max Current (A) Continuous 500

Max Voltage In Use (V) Charge Rate 550 750 750 750 750 750 750

Max Current Design Limit (A) with duration Charge Rate 2000 adaptable

- higher diamter

of cable

- other contact

material

1500 10 minutes adaptable

- higher diamter of

cable

- other contact

material

adaptable

- higher diamter of

cable

- other contact material

Max Current Design Limit (A) Continuous 515

Max Voltage Design Limit (V) Charge Rate 1000 750 800 1000 750 750

Mating Apparatus Mounting Location Physical overhead overhead Counterpart on infrastructure sideoverhead Overhead Counterpart on

infrastructure side

counterpart on the bus

roof

Loss Of Power Self Return Physical yes yes emergency handcrank yes Yes (electrical) emergency handcrank yes

As Designed Mount Height Limitations Physical yes yes ? yes yes ? ?

Design Mount Height Absolute Limitations Physical no no ? no no ? ?

Contact Surface Physical copper E-copper copper copper

Number of Contacts Physical Earth, Plus, Neg, Pilot 3, 4 and 5 Earth (PE), Plus,

Neg

Earth (PE), Plus,

Neg, Pilot

3, 4 and 5 4

Pantograph Type Physical bottom-up Schunk SLS 101 Inverted bottom-up top-down

Pantograph mounting Physical Infrastructure side bus side Bus Side Infrastructure bus side infrastructure

Buy America Reasonably Expected Procurement yes yes? yes yes yes yes yes

Total Longitudinal Accuracy Required (in) Customer Experience 1000 +/- 1000mm +/- 36 Inches

(Default, can be

increased)

Inline-40" (100cm)

Parallel-23"(60cm)

+/- 1000mm +/- 250mm for the

VOLVO interface

other interfaces higher!

Total Lateral Accuracy Required (in) Customer Experience 18 +/- 350mm

- depends on

the position on

the bus roof

+/- 8 Inches Inline-14" (36cm)

Parallel 23"(60cm)

+/- 350mm

- depends on the

position on the bus

roof

+/- 250mm for the

VOLVO interface

other interfaces higher!

Time To Connect (sec) Customer Experience 30 30 4-5s Physical - 1 to 5 Sec Physical - 5 Sec 4-5s 15s - depends on distance


Requirements of Existing Overhead Systems (2)

Item Item Category Proterra Siemens ABB New Flyer F+F Opbrid Opbrid #2 Schunk SLS101 Schunk SLS201Snow Handling Physical systems prevents

accumulation

systems

prevents

accumulation

No problem systems prevents

accumulation

systems prevents

accumulation

No problem No problem

Cost Procurement - - -

HV Touch Safe While Not Charging Electrical yes yes n.a. yes Yes n.a. n.a.

HV Touch Safe While Charging Electrical yes no n.a. no No n.a. n.a.

Assisted Approach Customer Experience yes no ? no No ? ?

Number of Contacts Electrical 4 4 3,4 or 5 3 4 3,4 or 5 4

Communication Medium Electrical Industrial WiFi depends on

project

Powerline WiFi depends on project depends on project

Communication Protocol Electrical Unique Chademo

Variant

Unique

J1772CCS

Variant

n.a. Unique Chademo

Variant

Unique J1772CCS

Variant

n.a. n.a.

Bus Detector Sensor on Ground Electrical No yes n.a. yes On Bus (Laser) n.a. n.a.

International Standards active n.a. N/A Active n.a. n.a.

Height Clearance to ground when retracted counterpart

mounted on

4.5m

152" 4.7m = 15.4' counterpart mounted

on 4.5m

depends on mounting

height

- total working range

2.5m

Articulation Span (vertical) (in) 1.5m Variable

depending on site

Variable

depending on site

1.5m 2.5m

Design Clearance ? Variable

depending on site

3.1m to 4.4m (10.2'-

14.4')

? ?

Double Decker Compatible No N/A Yes No Yes

Over the Road Coach Compatible ? N/A Yes ? ?

Maximum Contact Pressure 100N +/- 10% 600N per Contact

Compensation for Kneeling Yes Yes

Number of connection cycles >10,000

Operational Temperature -40C to +50C -40C to +55C (-40F

to 131F)

Wind tolerance High

Connection Noise Negligable (spring-

raised)

Connection Sequence Simultaneous PE then +- then

Pilot (mechanical)

Operator Control Sequence

Charge Initiation

Charging Indicator Signal for Operator None None

Manual Operation for Pantograph None None

Preventative Maintenance Intervals

Charging Feedback to Operator yes

Charging Feedback to Passenger no

Charge Termination

Fault Control ie fire, collision

E-stop on bus

E-stop off bus

System feedback Service

System feedback Customer

System feedback Operator


High Level Decisions and Existing Standards

J3105 J3068 J2954 J1772 J2931 J2836-2/J2847-2 J2953

Overhead Hi Power

Manual

Wireless Level 2 Commun

Protocol

Protocol Interoperability

Communication Mechanism CP, Wifi and PLC Baseband

Digital

Inductive PLC/ Wifi/pilot Yes Yes Yes

Interoperability Yes NA NA NA NA Yes Yes

Power Configuration DC only 3 Phase AC High Freq- AC AC and DC NA NA NA

Power Level- Max 150 kW ??? 150 kW ?? 100 kW DC

(350 kW DC ?)

NA NA NA

Voltage at Interface- Max 300V to 750V

?????

NA NA 500 VDC

(800 -100 VDC ?)

NA NA NA

Current at Interface- Max ???? NA NA 200 A

(350 A ?)

NA NA NA

Connection Type Articulation on

Infrastructure

Manual Air Gap Manual NA NA NA

Location of Contact Interface Reference to

Front of Bus,

Front Axle, or

passenger

door??

NA NA NA NA NA NA

Height Clearance to ground

when articulation is retracted

Local Codes NA NA NA NA NA NA

Articulation Span As low as 9 feet

from the ground

???

NA NA NA NA NA NA

Charge Dwell Time- Max 24 hours ????? NA NA NA NA NA NA

Driver Interface Automatic, or

Semi Control ??

NA NA NA NA NA NA

Alignment Major plus

Minor ???

NA Yes Magnetic

Vector

NA NA NA NA

Existing Standards for Reference


CHARGER

BATTERY PACK

DC

Plus

Neg

Ground

Pilot

Standard Interface

J3105 Interface Definition


Schunk Overhead System


Opbrid Overhead System



https://onedrive.live.com/redir?resid=EB069DD56FFF5CA5!23611&authkey=!AMTgTqgU9

7eL1mM&ithint=video%2cmp4

https://onedrive.live.com/redir?resid=EB069DD56FFF5CA5!23609&authkey=!AP7HLlvYJZ

VCleI&ithint=video%2cmp4

https://onedrive.live.com/redir?resid=EB069DD56FFF5CA5!23611&authkey=!AMTgTqgU97eL1mM&ithint=video,mp4

https://onedrive.live.com/redir?resid=EB069DD56FFF5CA5!23609&authkey=!AP7HLlvYJZVCleI&ithint=video,mp4


Nova Bus Overhead System (Siemens and ABB)


New Flyer Overhead System


Proterra Overhead System



General docking:https://www.youtube.com/embed/zKM8v0Vdasc?start=38&end=100&showsearch=0&autoplay=1&rel=0&version=3

Actual head land:https://www.youtube.com/embed/zKM8v0Vdasc?start=101&end=130&showsearch=0&autoplay=1&rel=0&version=3

https://www.youtube.com/embed/zKM8v0Vdasc?start=38&end=100&showsearch=0&autoplay=1&rel=0&version=3

https://www.youtube.com/embed/zKM8v0Vdasc?start=101&end=130&showsearch=0&autoplay=1&rel=0&version=3

Overhead Charge Standards Survey Development

Jason Hanlin CTE

PURPOSE

• Establish a subgroup to help organize and define customer-driven requirements for the overhead charge standards (SAE J-3105) development that is currently in work through the development and administration of a survey.

• Could also help inform wireless charge standard (J-2954) development

BACKGROUND/PROCESS

• The overall process will be to

1) convene bus OEM subgroup to define what questions should be asked of customers (transit agencies, etc) to gather

the system needs, parameters, constraints; 2) survey the

customers; 3) utilize responses to shape the requirements

necessary to establish standards associated with overhead

charging.

• The requirements are expected to primarily address

parameters associated with physical interfaces, electrical

interfaces, and control interfaces.

• The questions/survey are generic and focus on required operational needs (not design details or system functionality).

• Expect to have a documented source for the standards that

ultimately get developed.

• Focus is on transit agencies as customers.

SUBGROUP INVOLVEMENT

• Bus OEMS – Proterra, New Flyer, Nova

Bus, Gillig

• Infrastructure – Siemens, ABB, Opbrid

• Transit – NYCT

• Consortium – CTE, CALSTART

EXAMPLE QUESTIONS

OPERATIONS SECTION

9 Urban Route characteristics

a Route length- Average? Minimum? Maximum?

b Daily range - Average? Minimum? Maximum?

c Layover duration - Average? Minimum? Maximum?

d Stop duration - Average? Minimum? Maximum?

e Route speeds - Average? Minimum? Maximum?

f Headway distance - Average? Minimum? Maximum?

g Headway speeds - Average? Minimum? Maximum?

h Do headways change during the day for a given service route (for instance during rush hour)?

10 Rural Route characteristics

a Route length - Average? Minimum? Maximum?

b Daily range - Average? Minimum? Maximum?

c Layover duration - Average? Minimum? Maximum?

d Stop duration - Average? Minimum? Maximum?

e Route speeds - Average? Minimum? Maximum?

f Headway distance - Average? Minimum? Maximum?

g Headway speeds - Average? Minimum? Maximum?

11 Operations characteristics

a Do buses depart from transit center on a pulse schedule or continuously?

STATUS

Survey questions completed over 3 sessions

Clean up questions and finalize survey

Distribute to group and hold one more session to refine overall survey

Test Survey

Introduce survey to stakeholders at APTA Bus and Paratransit meeting May 15-18 Charlotte and encourage completion

Distribute survey to transit industry

Organize responses for review by J-3105 committee (and others, as desired)

QUESTIONS/COMMENTS?

• Process?

• Survey Questions?

• Involvement?


Summary

Requirements are being identified from

1) The existing systems

2) New survey

3) Certain document sections will be shared from other

documents

The plan would be to compare the existing to the new

requirements and determine the new standard for overhead

charging.

The plan is to complete the document by the end of this year.


Contact Information

Mark Kosowski

EPRI

[email protected]

248-421-7124



CHARGER

BATTERY PACK

Depot Charging- DC Charging (J-1772 or equiv)

Future SAE J-1772

DC

Charger


CHARGER

BATTERY PACK

Depot Charging- 3 Phase AC (J-3068)

Inverter/

Charger

SAE J-3068 3 phase AC


SAE J-2954 Status

High Power Wireless

Charging


March 29, 2016


Wireless Charging-high power- SAE J-2954

Unfortunately, Jesse Schneider, task force chair, will not be able to attend

the meeting today.

The SAE TIR J2954 light duty document is about to start balloting for

publication soon. Currently, the maximum power is 22 kW.

The Heavy Duty Document has not been started.



Unfortunately, Jesse Schneider, task force chair, will not be able to attend

the meeting today.

The SAE TIR J2954 light duty document is about to start balloting for

publication soon. Currently, the maximum power is 22 kW.

The Heavy Duty Document has not been started.

However, where does the bus industry want to go

with Wireless Charging? Max Power?



Jesse indicates that the potential lead for the Heavy duty

program has changed companies and is not able to lead.

Is there someone amongst us that could lead the challenge?


Backup


High Level Requirements

Physical

Contact TensionGeometry

Height ClearanceLongitudal Distance from Reference

Side to Side Distance from ReferenceContact Spacing and Location

ArticulationGeometryLocation (upper or lower)

ElectricalMaximum Power

Voltage CurrentCharge Dwell Time MaxBi-Directional PowerEMI/EMC

Communications/ControlSmart Grid Capability

Approach Control Safety

Safety Certification, UL, TUV, etcIsolation

InsulationEmergency StopExposed Contacts or not


Battery Pack

Charger

Longitudinal Dimension

Generic Bus

Axle

Door

Front

Is there a mechanism that will allow independence to the longitudinal dimension?

i.e. Will lasers work to guide the operator?

What mechanisms do we already have?


RequirementsJ3105

Overhead New Flyer Opbrid Proterra Complete

Coach

Gillig BYD BAE Ebus Volvo

Communication Mechanism CP, Wifi and PLC Secure Wifi DSRC, V2V, V2G

Interoperability Yes

Power Configuration DC only DC DC DC 3 ph AC

Power Level- Max 150 kW ??? Multiples of

150 kW

Up to 1 MW 1 MW

typical 500 kW

Voltage at Interface- Max 300V to 750V

?????

750 V or

higher

750 V or

higher

300V – 750V

Current at Interface- Max ???? 1500 A

Connection Type Articulation on

Infrastructure

Articulation

on

Infrastructure

Articulation

on

Infrastructur

e or bus

Articulation on

Infrastructure

Location of Contact Interface Reference to

Front of Bus,

Front Axle, or

passenger

door??

Reference to

Front Axle

Referenced

to Front Door

Referenced to

Front Door

Height Clearance to ground

when articulation is retracted

Local Codes May need a

survey 14 feet

Articulation Span As low as 9 feet

from the ground

???

Charge Dwell Time- Max 24 hours ????? NA ??? 30 min

(>90% duty cycle

of infrastructure

use)

Driver Interface Automatic, or

Semi Control ??

Automatic, or

Semi Control

Alignment Major plus

Minor ???

Initial Requirements

bus and truck charging interface

Documents