The Future of Frontend

What is new in CSS?Rachel Andrew

Rachel Andrew» https://rachelandrew.co.uk

» https://grabaperch.com

» @rachelandrew

» Invited Expert to the CSS Working Group

» Google Developer Expert

Box Alignment Level 3This is the vertical centering

module!

Centre the content of .box.box { display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center;}

<div class="box"> <img alt="balloon" src="square-balloon.jpg"></div>

http://codepen.io/rachelandrew/pen/XKaZWm

CSS Box Alignment Level 3"The box alignment properties in CSS are a set of 6 properties that control alignment of boxes within other boxes."

-- https://drafts.csswg.org/css-align/

CSS Box Alignment Level 3Defines:

» justify-content

» align-content

» justify-self

» align-self

» justify-items

» align-items

CSS Grid LayoutA new specification,

"Unlike Flexbox, however, which is single-axis–oriented, Grid Layout is optimized for 2-dimensional layouts: those in which alignment of content is desired in both dimensions."

-- https://drafts.csswg.org/css-grid/

Defining a simple grid.cards { display:grid; grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr 1fr; grid-gap: 10px;}

The fr unitDefines a fraction unit - a fraction of the available space.

Works in a similar way to using flex-grow with a positive value.

Wrapped Flexbox Layout.cards { display:flex; flex-wrap: wrap;}

.card { flex: 1 1 250px; margin: 5px;}

http://codepen.io/rachelandrew/pen/Gqvrwz

.cards { display:grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fill, minmax(200px,1fr)); grid-gap: 10px;}

http://codepen.io/rachelandrew/pen/VjzrgG

.cards { display:grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(12,1fr); grid-gap: 10px;}

.card:nth-child(1) { grid-column: 1 / 4; }

.card:nth-child(2) { grid-column: 1 / 4; grid-row: 2; }

.card:nth-child(3) { grid-column: 9 / 13; grid-row: 2; }

.card:nth-child(4) { grid-column: 4 / 10; }

.card:nth-child(5) { grid-column: 10 / 13; }

http://codepen.io/rachelandrew/pen/XKaZwa

.card:nth-child(1) { grid-area: side1; }

.card:nth-child(2) { grid-area: side2; }

.card:nth-child(3) { grid-area: side3; }

.card:nth-child(4) { grid-area: middle1; }

.card:nth-child(5) { grid-area: side4; }

.cards { display:grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(4, 1fr); grid-gap: 10px; grid-template-areas: "side1 middle1 middle1 side3" "side2 ....... ....... side4";}

Lots of Grid Exampleshttp://gridbyexample.com

CSS Shapes"CSS Shapes describe geometric shapes for use in CSS. For Level 1, CSS Shapes can be applied to floats. A circle shape on a float will cause inline content to wrap around the circle shape instead of the float’s bounding box."

-- https://drafts.csswg.org/css-shapes/

A simple circle.balloon { float: left; width: 429px; shape-outside: circle(50%);}

<div class="box"> <img class="balloon" src="round-balloon.png" alt="balloon"> <p>...</p></div>

http://codepen.io/rachelandrew/pen/KrvyQq

Floating generated content to use Shapes.box::before { content: ""; display: block; float: left; width: 429px; height: 409px; shape-outside: circle(50%);}

http://codepen.io/rachelandrew/pen/mErqxy

Shapes and clip-path.balloon { float: right; width: 640px; height: 427px; shape-outside: ellipse(33% 50% at 460px); -webkit-clip-path: ellipse(28% 50% at 460px); clip-path: ellipse(28% 50% at 460px);}

http://codepen.io/rachelandrew/pen/xOLPLa/

CSS Feature Queries with @supportsLike Modernizr but in native CSS.

"The ‘@supports’ rule is a conditional group rule whose condition tests whether the user agent supports CSS property:value pairs."

-- https://www.w3.org/TR/css3-conditional/#at-supports

Does my browser support display: flex?@supports (display: flex) { .has-flex { display: block; background-color: #0084AD; color: #fff; } }

Does my browser support display: grid?@supports (display: grid) { .has-grid { display: block; background-color: #284C6D; color: #fff; } }

Test more than 1 thing@supports ((display: grid) and (shape-outside: circle())) { .has-grid-shapes { display: block; background-color: #666; color: #fff; } }

http://codepen.io/rachelandrew/pen/RRkWKX/

.balloon { border: 1px solid #999; padding: 2px;}

@supports ((shape-outside: ellipse()) and ((clip-path: ellipse()) or (-webkit-clip-path:ellipse()))) { .balloon { border: none; padding: 0; float: right; width: 640px; min-width: 640px; height: 427px; shape-outside: ellipse(33% 50% at 460px); -webkit-clip-path: ellipse(28% 50% at 460px); clip-path: ellipse(28% 50% at 460px); }}

Using feature queries» Write the css for older browsers

» Inside the feature query reset those properties

» Inside the feature query write your new CSS

http://codepen.io/rachelandrew/pen/vKJmXR

CSS Custom Properties(CSS Variables!)

CSS Custom Properties"This module introduces a family of custom author-defined properties known collectively as custom properties, which allow an author to assign arbitrary values to a property with an author-chosen name, and the var() function, which allow an author to then use those values in other properties elsewhere in the document."

-- https://drafts.csswg.org/css-variables/

:root { --primary: blue; --secondary: orange;}

h1 { color: var(--primary);}

http://codepen.io/rachelandrew/pen/qNXpEZ

Testing for custom properties:root { --primary: blue; --secondary: orange;}

@supports (--primary: blue) { h1 { color: var(--primary); }

h2 { color: var(--secondary); }}

http://codepen.io/rachelandrew/pen/mErpZA

Getting InvolvedCSS Specification discussion and

issues are on githubhttps://github.com/w3c/csswg-drafts

Raise issues with browsers» Mozilla https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/

» Edge https://developer.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoft-edge/platform/issues/

» Chrome https://bugs.chromium.org/p/chromium/issues/list

Request featuresDirectly request features where browsers give you the means to do so.

Writing blog posts, presentations and demos also helps.

If we don't ask we don't get

Thank you!@rachelandrew

https://cssgrid.me/bristech2016