1

Mr. Fetch’s Earth Science Classroom

The formation of the Solar System: The Nebula

Cloud of Gas (Nebula)Cloud of Gas (Nebula)Cloud of Gas (Nebula)Cloud of Gas (Nebula)

(SOLAR NUBULAR HYPOTHESIS)(SOLAR NUBULAR HYPOTHESIS)(SOLAR NUBULAR HYPOTHESIS)(SOLAR NUBULAR HYPOTHESIS)

---- Star exploded in spaceStar exploded in spaceStar exploded in spaceStar exploded in space…………. . . .

---- Began to spin the cloudBegan to spin the cloudBegan to spin the cloudBegan to spin the cloud

---- Began to compress cloudBegan to compress cloudBegan to compress cloudBegan to compress cloud

Mr. Fetch’s Earth Science Classroom

The formation of the Solar System: Compression and Flattening

Gravity and Angular Momentum Gravity and Angular Momentum Gravity and Angular Momentum Gravity and Angular Momentum

---- Made cloud spin faster and compress more.Made cloud spin faster and compress more.Made cloud spin faster and compress more.Made cloud spin faster and compress more.

Similar to an ice skaterSimilar to an ice skaterSimilar to an ice skaterSimilar to an ice skater

who compresses herself.who compresses herself.who compresses herself.who compresses herself.

2

Mr. Fetch’s Earth Science Classroom

The formation of the Solar System: Heating

---- The cloud started to get:The cloud started to get:The cloud started to get:The cloud started to get:

---- FlatterFlatterFlatterFlatter

---- HotterHotterHotterHotter

---- Umm, just how HOT did it get ???Umm, just how HOT did it get ???Umm, just how HOT did it get ???Umm, just how HOT did it get ???

So hot that fusion begins and the Sun forms.So hot that fusion begins and the Sun forms.So hot that fusion begins and the Sun forms.So hot that fusion begins and the Sun forms.

Mr. Fetch’s Earth Science Classroom

The formation of the Solar System.

---- Eventually chunks of gooey matter begin to Eventually chunks of gooey matter begin to Eventually chunks of gooey matter begin to Eventually chunks of gooey matter begin to stickstickstickstick to one anotherto one anotherto one anotherto one another

(Like gooey cookie dough)(Like gooey cookie dough)(Like gooey cookie dough)(Like gooey cookie dough)………… yum, yum !yum, yum !yum, yum !yum, yum !

•The matter comes together to make PLANETSThe matter comes together to make PLANETSThe matter comes together to make PLANETSThe matter comes together to make PLANETS…………

3

Mr. Fetch’s Earth Science Classroom

The formation of the Solar System: The Planets Form

The type of planets and whatThe type of planets and whatThe type of planets and whatThe type of planets and what

they are made of they are made of they are made of they are made of depend on temperaturedepend on temperaturedepend on temperaturedepend on temperature....

Mr. Fetch’s Earth Science Classroom

The formation of the Solar System.

Closest to the sun:Closest to the sun:Closest to the sun:Closest to the sun: it is

too hot for anything but

solid planets of rock

and metal to exist.

Far away from the sun:Far away from the sun:Far away from the sun:Far away from the sun:

it is cool enough for

gasses to exist.

COOLERCOOLERCOOLERCOOLERWARMERWARMERWARMERWARMER

4

Mr. Fetch’s Earth Science Classroom

The formation of the Solar System.

COOLERCOOLERCOOLERCOOLERWARMERWARMERWARMERWARMER

Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, NeptuneJupiter, Saturn, Uranus, NeptuneJupiter, Saturn, Uranus, NeptuneJupiter, Saturn, Uranus, NeptuneFar from the sun = mostly gas.Far from the sun = mostly gas.Far from the sun = mostly gas.Far from the sun = mostly gas.

MercuryMercuryMercuryMercury----VenusVenusVenusVenus----EarthEarthEarthEarth----Mars: Mars: Mars: Mars: Close to the sun = rocky, metal coresClose to the sun = rocky, metal coresClose to the sun = rocky, metal coresClose to the sun = rocky, metal cores

Mr. Fetch’s Earth Science Classroom

The formation of the Solar System.

The remaining dust and gas The remaining dust and gas The remaining dust and gas The remaining dust and gas

from the nebula was blown from the nebula was blown from the nebula was blown from the nebula was blown

away by a solar wind.away by a solar wind.away by a solar wind.away by a solar wind.

5

Mr. Fetch’s Earth Science Classroom

Comets

Comets Comets Comets Comets

---- Ice, gasIce, gasIce, gasIce, gas, and a small amount of , and a small amount of , and a small amount of , and a small amount of dustdustdustdust

Comets move around the sun.Comets move around the sun.Comets move around the sun.Comets move around the sun.

Mr. Fetch’s Earth Science Classroom

Comets

- Comets are invisible unless they are near the Comets are invisible unless they are near the Comets are invisible unless they are near the Comets are invisible unless they are near the sunsunsunsun becausebecausebecausebecause…………

- The temperature increases due to the suns The temperature increases due to the suns The temperature increases due to the suns The temperature increases due to the suns heatheatheatheat....

- The The The The iceiceiceice melts.melts.melts.melts.

- The gas and dust is The gas and dust is The gas and dust is The gas and dust is released and glowsreleased and glowsreleased and glowsreleased and glows....

- Solar winds push the Solar winds push the Solar winds push the Solar winds push the gasgasgasgas and and and and dust to form a taildust to form a taildust to form a taildust to form a tail....

6

Mr. Fetch’s Earth Science Classroom

Comets

The sun gives off a The sun gives off a The sun gives off a The sun gives off a

solar wind in all solar wind in all solar wind in all solar wind in all

directions.directions.directions.directions.

Tail always points Tail always points Tail always points Tail always points

away from the sun away from the sun away from the sun away from the sun

and itand itand itand it’’’’s solar wind.s solar wind.s solar wind.s solar wind.

Mr. Fetch’s Earth Science Classroom

Comets

Tail always points Tail always points Tail always points Tail always points

away from the sun away from the sun away from the sun away from the sun

and itand itand itand it’’’’s solar wind.s solar wind.s solar wind.s solar wind.

7

Mr. Fetch’s Earth Science Classroom

Parts of a Comet

Nucleus: Nucleus: Nucleus: Nucleus: CenterCenterCenterCenter of a comet made of a comet made of a comet made of a comet made

of ice, gas, and dust.of ice, gas, and dust.of ice, gas, and dust.of ice, gas, and dust.ComaComaComaComa

NucleusNucleusNucleusNucleus

TailTailTailTail

Coma: thick Coma: thick Coma: thick Coma: thick cloudcloudcloudcloud of water, COof water, COof water, COof water, CO2222, , , ,

and dust that melts/sublimes out and dust that melts/sublimes out and dust that melts/sublimes out and dust that melts/sublimes out

of the nucleus.of the nucleus.of the nucleus.of the nucleus.

Dust Tail: Dust Tail: Dust Tail: Dust Tail: dustdustdustdust particles being particles being particles being particles being

pushed by the solar wind.pushed by the solar wind.pushed by the solar wind.pushed by the solar wind.

Mr. Fetch’s Earth Science Classroom

Comets: Sent from the Oort Cloud

Comets formed from Comets formed from Comets formed from Comets formed from

leftover material during leftover material during leftover material during leftover material during

the formation of the solar the formation of the solar the formation of the solar the formation of the solar

system.system.system.system.

8

Mr. Fetch’s Earth Science Classroom

Comets: A meteor shower

When Earth passes through the When Earth passes through the When Earth passes through the When Earth passes through the

tail of a comettail of a comettail of a comettail of a comet, this is when we , this is when we , this is when we , this is when we

see see see see ““““shooting starsshooting starsshooting starsshooting stars”””” in a meteor in a meteor in a meteor in a meteor

showershowershowershower…………

THEY ARE NOT REALLY STARS!!!THEY ARE NOT REALLY STARS!!!THEY ARE NOT REALLY STARS!!!THEY ARE NOT REALLY STARS!!!

Mr. Fetch’s Earth Science Classroom

Asteroids, Meteoroids, Meteors, and Meteorites

Asteroids Asteroids Asteroids Asteroids

---- Small chunks of rock or metal that revolve around the sun. Small chunks of rock or metal that revolve around the sun. Small chunks of rock or metal that revolve around the sun. Small chunks of rock or metal that revolve around the sun.

---- Most are found between Mars and Jupiter in the asteroid belt.Most are found between Mars and Jupiter in the asteroid belt.Most are found between Mars and Jupiter in the asteroid belt.Most are found between Mars and Jupiter in the asteroid belt.

---- Jupiter's high gravity keeps them there.Jupiter's high gravity keeps them there.Jupiter's high gravity keeps them there.Jupiter's high gravity keeps them there.

---- Often become moons around planets.Often become moons around planets.Often become moons around planets.Often become moons around planets.

2036: Asteroid :: Target 2036: Asteroid :: Target 2036: Asteroid :: Target 2036: Asteroid :: Target ���� EARTH EARTH EARTH EARTH ………… HOLY COW!HOLY COW!HOLY COW!HOLY COW!

9

Mr. Fetch’s Earth Science Classroom

Asteroids, Meteoroids, Meteors, and Meteorites

Meteoroid Meteoroid Meteoroid Meteoroid

---- Small chunks of rock SMALLER THAN AN ASTERIODSmall chunks of rock SMALLER THAN AN ASTERIODSmall chunks of rock SMALLER THAN AN ASTERIODSmall chunks of rock SMALLER THAN AN ASTERIOD

---- Revolve around the sun.Revolve around the sun.Revolve around the sun.Revolve around the sun.

Mr. Fetch’s Earth Science Classroom

Asteroids, Meteoroids, Meteors, and Meteorites

MeteorMeteorMeteorMeteor

---- When a meteoroid comes into Earth AtmosphereWhen a meteoroid comes into Earth AtmosphereWhen a meteoroid comes into Earth AtmosphereWhen a meteoroid comes into Earth Atmosphere

---- Burns up and produces light streakBurns up and produces light streakBurns up and produces light streakBurns up and produces light streak

METEOR SHOWER:METEOR SHOWER:METEOR SHOWER:METEOR SHOWER:

1.1.1.1. Earth passes through a left over comets tail.Earth passes through a left over comets tail.Earth passes through a left over comets tail.Earth passes through a left over comets tail.

2.2.2.2. Meteoroids enter Earths atmosphere (now called meteor)Meteoroids enter Earths atmosphere (now called meteor)Meteoroids enter Earths atmosphere (now called meteor)Meteoroids enter Earths atmosphere (now called meteor)

10

Mr. Fetch’s Earth Science Classroom

Asteroids, Meteoroids, Meteors, and Meteorites

MeteoriteMeteoriteMeteoriteMeteorite

---- When a meteor makes it to EarthWhen a meteor makes it to EarthWhen a meteor makes it to EarthWhen a meteor makes it to Earth’’’’s surface without burning up.s surface without burning up.s surface without burning up.s surface without burning up.

---- MAKES IMPACT. CRASH, BOOMMAKES IMPACT. CRASH, BOOMMAKES IMPACT. CRASH, BOOMMAKES IMPACT. CRASH, BOOM…………

Mr. Fetch’s Earth Science Classroom

Meteor Crater, Winslow Arizona