THE FIRST THE FIRST POLITICAL POLITICAL

PARTIES AND PARTIES AND JOHN ADAMS JOHN ADAMS PRESIDENCYPRESIDENCY

Partner TalkPartner Talk

What did Washington What did Washington warn against in his warn against in his Farewell Address? Farewell Address?

POLITICAL PARTIESPOLITICAL PARTIES by 1796 Americans were beginning to by 1796 Americans were beginning to

divide into opposing groupsdivide into opposing groups 2 Political Parties: Democratic – 2 Political Parties: Democratic –

Republicans & FederalistsRepublicans & Federalists Hamilton and Jefferson Hamilton and Jefferson (both in (both in

Washington’s cabinet, disagreed on Washington’s cabinet, disagreed on economic policy, foreign relations, power economic policy, foreign relations, power of the federal government, & interpreting of the federal government, & interpreting the Constitutionthe Constitution

FEDERALISTSFEDERALISTS leader = leader = Alexander HamiltonAlexander Hamilton stood for a stood for a strong federalstrong federal

governmentgovernment national bank, protective tariffs, national bank, protective tariffs,

British allianceBritish alliance loose interpretation of the loose interpretation of the

ConstitutionConstitution rule by the rule by the wealthywealthy class class

DEMOCRATIC-REPUBLICANSDEMOCRATIC-REPUBLICANS

Leader = Thomas JeffersonLeader = Thomas Jefferson rule by the rule by the peoplepeople (ordinary (ordinary

people)people) strong state strong state governmentsgovernments strict interpretation strict interpretation of the Constitutionof the Constitution French alliance, state banks, free French alliance, state banks, free

TradeTrade

Partner TalkPartner TalkDespite George Washington Despite George Washington warning against the formation of warning against the formation of political parties, why AND how political parties, why AND how did the first political parties did the first political parties emerge? emerge? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_KnPB37YB7Ihttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_KnPB37YB7I

ELECTION OF 1796ELECTION OF 1796John Adams John Adams = = President (Federalists)President (Federalists)

Thomas Jefferson Thomas Jefferson = = Vice President Vice President (Republican)(Republican)

XYZ AFFAIRXYZ AFFAIR The French regarded Jay’s Treaty The French regarded Jay’s Treaty as an as an

American attempt to support BritainAmerican attempt to support Britain in the in the war so the war so the French seized U.S. cargo shipsFrench seized U.S. cargo ships

Adams wanted to avoid war so he sent Adams wanted to avoid war so he sent delegates to resolve the disputedelegates to resolve the dispute

Charles de Talleyrand – French foreign Charles de Talleyrand – French foreign minister refused to meet with the minister refused to meet with the Americans & Americans & sent 3 agents who sent 3 agents who demanded a bribe & loan for Francedemanded a bribe & loan for France

XYZ video clipXYZ video clip

https://www.youtube.com/watch?https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ORbiuWEQW6sv=ORbiuWEQW6s

UNDECLARED WARUNDECLARED WARbetween 1798 – 1800 between 1798 – 1800 U.S. U.S. & French naval forces & French naval forces clashedclashed (war wasn’t formally (war wasn’t formally declared) & in 1800 a peace declared) & in 1800 a peace agreement was negotiatedagreement was negotiated

ALIEN & SEDITION ACTALIEN & SEDITION ACT Suspicions arose against aliens (people Suspicions arose against aliens (people

thought they would not be loyal to the thought they would not be loyal to the U.S.) U.S.)

Alien Act – Alien Act – allowed president to imprison allowed president to imprison aliens or send them out of the countryaliens or send them out of the country

Sedition Act – Sedition Act – made it a crime to speak, made it a crime to speak, write, or publish criticismswrite, or publish criticisms of of the the government (UNCONSTITUTIONAL) government (UNCONSTITUTIONAL)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xUH-xtkovxghttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xUH-xtkovxg

VIRGINIA & KENTUCKY VIRGINIA & KENTUCKY RESOLUTIONSRESOLUTIONS

affirmed the principle of affirmed the principle of states’ rights states’ rights –limiting the –limiting the federal government to federal government to those those powers clearly assigned to it powers clearly assigned to it by the Constitutionby the Constitution

NULLIFICATIONNULLIFICATION Jefferson and Madison secretly Jefferson and Madison secretly

wrote the Virginia and Kentucky wrote the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions. Resolutions.

The Resolutions said States could The Resolutions said States could nullify, meaning legally overturnnullify, meaning legally overturn, , unconstitutional federal lawsunconstitutional federal laws

The States’ Rights argument was The States’ Rights argument was used often during early U.S. history used often during early U.S. history

John Adams John Adams

https://www.youtube.com/watch?https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xqAt8A0W204v=xqAt8A0W204

The following slides are not in your notesThe following slides are not in your notes

Virginia & Kentucky ResolutionsVirginia & Kentucky Resolutions Affirmed principal of States RightsAffirmed principal of States Rights Federal Governments' power is Federal Governments' power is

outlined by the constitution onlyoutlined by the constitution only

FALL OF THE FEDERALISTSFALL OF THE FEDERALISTS Election of 1800 was approachingElection of 1800 was approaching Criticized for the over-broad laws Criticized for the over-broad laws

Federalists wanted Adams to step Federalists wanted Adams to step up war with Franceup war with France

Adams refused to rushAdams refused to rush Negotiated treaty with France to Negotiated treaty with France to

stop attacks on American shipsstop attacks on American ships

FALL OF THE FEDERALISTSFALL OF THE FEDERALISTS Adams did right for AmericaAdams did right for America It likely cost him the electionIt likely cost him the election Jefferson wins Presidency in 1800Jefferson wins Presidency in 1800 Jefferson pardoned those Jefferson pardoned those

convicted under the Sedition Actconvicted under the Sedition Act Congress restored all fines paid Congress restored all fines paid

with interest. with interest.

JOHN ADAMS… AVOIDED WAR, BUT COST HIM THE 1800 ELECTION…