the first americans. introduction origins regional diversity mesoamerica southwest eastern...
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The First Americans
Introduction Origins Regional Diversity
Mesoamerica Southwest Eastern Woodlands
Mississippian Iroquois New England
Pacific Northwest Conclusion
Key Terms: Bering Land Bridge Teotihuacan Aztec Anasazi Cahokia Iroquois Hiawatha
Themes Origins of Native Americans
in Western Hemisphere Diversity of lifestyle Changing nature of Indian
societies before European contact
Introduction Origins Regional Diversity
Mesoamerica Southwest Eastern Woodlands
Mississippian Iroquois New England
Conclusion
Key Terms: Bering Land Bridge Teotihuacan Aztec Anasazi Cahokia Iroquois Hiawatha
Aztec Capital - Tenochtitlan
Native Americans and Origins Numerous theories and
beliefs… Many anthropologists and
historians agree humans lived in North American about 35,000 BC
How did they arrive…? Bering Land Bridge
Map of Bering Land Bridge
New World Civilizations
Introduction Origins Regional Diversity
Mesoamerica Southwest Eastern Woodlands
Mississippian Iroquois New England
Conclusion
Key Terms: Bering Land Bridge Teotihuacan Aztec Anasazi Cahokia Iroquois Hiawatha
Locations of Selected Native American Peoples, 1500 AD
Farming Access to food = key Agricultural Origins
8000 B.C. Middle East 5000 B.C. Western Hemisphere
Meso-american
Southwest
Mississippian
Iroquois Algonquian Pacific Northwest
Location
Food Source
Dwellings
Interesting Facts
Introduction Origins Regional Diversity
Mesoamerica Southwest Eastern Woodlands
Mississippian Iroquois New England
Conclusion
Key Terms: Bering Land Bridge Teotihuacan Aztec Anasazi Cahokia Iroquois Hiawatha
Major Mesoamerican Cultures
Major Mesoamerican Cultures (Aztecs)
Became dominant power by 1400s
Capitals = Tenochtitlan Pop: 300,000 (bigger than
an city in Europe)
Great Temple at Tenochtitlan Aztec honored over 200
deities
Major Mesoamerican Cultures (Aztecs)
Became dominant power by 1400s
Capitals = Tenochtitlan Pop: 300,000 (bigger than
an city in Europe) Irrigation network created
fertile cropland and access to fresh water
Still expanding their empire in early 1500s
Introduction Origins Regional Diversity
Mesoamerica Southwest Eastern Woodlands
Mississippian Iroquois New England
Conclusion
Key Terms: Bering Land Bridge Teotihuacan Aztec Anasazi Cahokia Iroquois Hiawatha
Southwest Know for its dry climate
but farming was important Anasazi
Chaco Canyon - important center for trade
Towns were set up so that straight roads would connect satellite communities
Anasazi culture declined by 12th and 13th centuries as rain levels dropped. Large communities most
likely dissolved into smaller tribes and bands
Introduction Origins Regional Diversity
Mesoamerica Southwest Eastern Woodlands
Mississippian Iroquois New England
Conclusion
Key Terms: Bering Land Bridge Teotihuacan Aztec Anasazi Cahokia Iroquois Hiawatha
Eastern Woodlands
Mississippian Mississippian culture
emerged about 700 AD Cahokia was located near
present-day St. Louis
Cahokia Mounds Covered about 125 sq
miles 20,000 residents Built platform mounds
Served as temples and homes for chiefs
Mississippian Mississippian culture
emerged about 700 AD Cahokia was located near
present-day St. Louis After 1200 it entered a
period of decline
Iroquois: A Confederation of Five Separate Tribes Confederation of tribes that
number around 10,000 total Mohawks Oneidas Onondagas Cayugas Senecas
Political Structure Council Government
Each tribe in confederacy sent delegates/representatives to council meetings
Iroquois Society Homes = Longhouses
25 ft wide Up to 200 ft in length Several families would live
in each longhouse
Iroquois Society Homes = Longhouses
25 ft wide Up to 200 ft in length Several families would live in
each longhouse Property was owned
communally Division of labor between
men/women: Men: hunted/fished; warriors Women: farmed and gathered
A significant portion of their diet came from farmed products
Women in Iroquois Society Descent was matrilineal;
Husband moved into home of wife’s family
houses were headed by women
Women could divorce their husbands
Women selected all delegates to the Iroquois Council and influenced policy
New England – Algonquians
• Pequot• Wampanoag• Powhatan• Potawatomi
New England – Algonquians Northern New England
Vermont, New Hampshire, Maine
Southern New England Massachusetts,
Connecticut, Rhode Island
New England – Algonquians Northern New England
Vermont, New Hampshire, Maine
Hunter-gathers: Very Mobile Spring and summer lived
near coasts; moved inland for fall and winter to hunt game animals
Southern New England Massachusetts,
Connecticut, Rhode Island Hunted and Farmed (at
times up to 2/3 of diet)
New England – Algonquians Northern New England
Vermont, New Hampshire, Maine
Hunter-gathers: Very Mobile Spring and summer lived
near coasts; moved inland for fall and winter to hunt game animals
15,000-20,000 population in 1600
Southern New England Massachusetts,
Connecticut, Rhode Island Hunted and Farmed (at
times up to 2/3 of diet) 55,000-80,000 population in
1600
Farming Methods Fields were cleared by girdling
and with fire “Three Sisters” of agriculture
Corn, beans, and squash were planted together
Corn drew Nitrogen Beans added Nitrogen
Farming had a major impact on the environment
Pacific Northwest
Pacific Northwest Lived as hunter/gatherers,
but also very wealthy
Indians of the Pacific Northwest Coast
Pacific Northwest Cedar trees could reach 250
feet height and 18 feet in diameter
Bark: used for clothing, baskets, etc. When softened it could be
fashioned into diapers for babies
Lumber: Canoes, homes (longhouses), etc. Longhouses were very
large: 100 x 40 ft
Seafood/Salmon Seafood was the
foundation of their diet Fish could be caught in
many way Fish were preserved by
drying and smoking Key = Abundance
Clams, crabs, and other shellfish were eaten
Whales were hunted in some areas
Introduction Origins Regional Diversity
Mesoamerica Southwest Eastern Woodlands
Mississippian Iroquois New England
Conclusion
Key Terms: Berign Land Bridge Teotihuacan Aztec Anasazi Cahokia Iroquois Hiawatha
Review Origins of Native Americans Tremendous differences
among Indian Peoples Compare and contrast life;
what ere some important traits of people living in different regions?
Source http://
college.cengage.com/history/lecturepoints/part01_lecture01/part01_lecture01.html
SouthwestSouthern Mexico Longhouses Farmed
AztecIncas
Mayans
Mesoamerica LonghousesConfederacy of
Five TribesFarmed
PowhatansPequot
Potawatomi
Pacific Northwest
Built Mound Platforms
Near present day St. Louis Farmed
Northern MexicoArizona
UtahColorado
New Mexico
MississippianMatrilineal
Society Tenochtitlan Farmed Chokia
Iroquois Pueblos Chaco CanyonHunter/Gather -
Seafood
Three SistersBeans
SquashCorn
AlgonquianAnasaziMogollonHohokam
Mixture of Hunter Gathers
and FarmersNew York
3, 2, 1 Three Dietary difference amongst the people of the New
World Two societal differences that existed amongst the Native
Americans One questions you still have