the fifth book of natural magick.doc

8/14/2019 The Fifth Book of Natural Magick.doc

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The Fifth Book ofNatural Magick

"Which treateth of Alchemy , showinghow metals may be altered andtransformed, one into another "

The Proeme

Chapter I - "Of Tin, and how it may be convertedinto a more e cellent !etal"

Chapter II - "Of ead, and how it may be convertedinto another !etal"

Chapter III - "Of #rass, and how to transform it into a worthier !etal"

Chapter I$ - "Of Iron, and how to transform it intoa more worthy metal"

Chapter $ - "%&ic'silver, its effects andoperations"

Chapter $I - "Of (ilver"

Chapter $II - "Operations necessary for )se"

Chapter $III - "To ma'e a metal more weighty"

Chapter I* - "To part metals witho&t A+&afortis"
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Chapter * - "To part old, or (ilver, from other!etals with A+&afortis"

The Proeme W e are now come according to that order which we

proposed &nto o&rselves in the beginning. to thosee periments which are commonly called by the name of

Alchemy matters, wherein not only a great part of theworld is conversant, b&t also every one is very desiro&sto be a practitioner in them, and does thirst after them

with an &n+&enchable l&st/ Wherefore we are constrainedto spea' something concerning this s&b0ect the rather,beca&se many r&de and &ns'illf&l men, being drawn on,

partly by the hope of gain, which they loo'ed for by it,and partly by the pleas&re and delight which they didta'e in it, have bestowed themselves in thesee periments to the great slander both of the art itself,and also of the professors thereof/ (o that c&rrently, aman cannot handle it witho&t the scorn and oblo+&y ofthe world, beca&se of the disgrace and contempt, whichthose idiots have bro&ght &pon it/ 1or while they, being

altogether ignorant of the principles of these things,have labored to ma'e sophisticated and Co&nterfeit old ,they have &tterly miscarried in their endeavors, andwasted all their s&bstance, and +&ite &ndone themselves,and so were del&ded by that vain hope of old , which setthem on wor'/ 2emetri&s Phalere&s said very well ofthese men, that which they sho&ld have gotten, says he,they did not get, and that which they had in their own

possession, they lost, and so whereas they hoped to wor'a metamorphosis or alteration in the metals, thealteration and change has lighted heavily &ponthemselves, in respect of their own estate/ And whenthey have th&s overthrown themselves, they have noother comfort left them only this, to broach many lies andCo&nterfeit devices, whereby they may li'ewise deceiveothers, and draw them into the very same l&rches whichthemselves have before fallen into/ And s&rely the desire

partly of the same l&rches which themselves have beforefallen into/ And s&rely the desire partly of the art itself,
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and partly of the great gain which many men hoped afterby the same, has filled the world with so many boo's,and s&ch a infinite n&mber of lies, that there is scarceany other matter in the li'e re+&est/ (o that it was verywell done of 2ioclesian the 3mperor , and it was high timefor him so to do, to establish a decree, that all s&ch lyingboo's that were written concerning that matter, sho&ldbe cast into the fire and b&rnt to ashes/ Th&s was ane cellent good art discredited and disgraced by reasonthey ab&sed it, which falls o&t also in many other betterthings then this is/ The art of itself is not to be set atna&ght, b&t rather to be embraced and m&ch to beso&ght after, especially by s&ch as apply their minds to

philosophy, and to the searching o&t of the secrecy4s ofnat&re/ 1or they shall find in it many things which theywill wonder at, and s&ch as are e ceeding necessary forthe &se of men/ And when they shall behold thee perience of many 'inds of transm&tations and s&ndryeffects, it will be no small delight &nto them, andbesides, it will show them the way to more profo&nd andworthier matters, s&ch as the best and so&ndest

philosophers have not been ashamed to search into, andto handle in their writings/ I do not here promise anygolden mo&ntains, as they say, nor yet that Philosophers(tone , which the wo&ld has so great an opinion of, andhas been bragged of in many ages, and happily attained

&nto by some/ 5either yet do I promise here that goldeni+&or , whereof if any man do drin', it is s&pposed that itwill ma'e him to be immortal, b&t it is a mere dream, forseeing that the world itself is variable and s&b0ect toalteration/ Therefore it cannot be b&t that whatsoeverthe world yields, sho&ld li'ewise be s&b0ect todestr&ction/ (ot that to promise or to &nderta'e any s&chmatters as these are, it were b&t rashness and p&refoolishness/ #&t the things which we p&rpose todisco&rse of and to deliver, are these which hereafterfollow/ And I wo&ld re+&est the readers to ta'e them in

good part, and to content themselves with these/ eft ifthey attempt to proceed to f&rther e periments herein,they prove themselves as foolish and as mad as thosewhich we have spo'en of before/ These things which hereyo& shall find, I myself have seen, and proved bye perience, and therefore I am the bolder to set themabroach to the view of the whole world/ ///
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Chapter I "Of Tin , and how it may be converted

into a more e cellent !etal"

In does Co&nterfeit and resemble (ilver . And there is greatamity and agreement between these two metals in respect oftheir color. The nature and the color of Tin is such, that it will

whiten all other metals. But it makes them brittle and easier tobe snap asunder. Only lead is free from this power of Tin . But hethat can skillfully make a medley of this metal with others, maythereby attain to many pretty secrecy's. Wherefore, we willendeavor to Co&nterfeit (ilver as near as we can. A matterwhich may be easily effected, if we can tell how to abolish andutterly destroy those imperfections, which are found in Tin ,whereby it is to be discerned from (ilver . The imperfections arethese !irst, it is found to make a creaking noise, and crashesmore then (ilver does, "econdly, it does not ring so pleasantlyas (ilver , but has a duller sound, Thirdly, it is of a more pale and

wane color, And lastly, it is more soft and tender, for it be putinto the fire, it is not first red hot before it be melted, as (ilver will be, but it cling fast to the fire, and is soon overcome andmolten by the heat thereof. These are the #ualities that areobserved to be in Tin , not the essential properties of the naturethereof, but only accidental #ualities, and therefore they may bemore easily e$pelled out of their sub%ect. &et us see thereforehow we may rid away these e$trinsecal accidents, and first,

" 6ow to remedy the softness of Tin , and thecrea'ing noise that it ma'es"

ou must first beat it into small powder, as you shall hereafter beinstructed in the manner how to do it( and when you have sodone, you must reduce it into the whole body again. And if itdoes not lose its softness at the first time as you deal so by it,use the same course the second time, and so likewise the thirdtime rather then fail, and by this means you shall at lengthobtain your purpose for by so doing, the Tin will wa$ so hard,
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that it will endure the fire till it be red hot, before ever it willmelt. By the like practice we may also harden all other softbodies, to make them red hot before they shall be melted. Butthe e$perience hereof is more clear in Tin then in any othermetals whatsoever. We may also take away the creaking noise ofTin , if we melt it seven times, and #uench it every time in the)rine of children, or else in the Oil of Waln&ts . !or this is theonly means to e$pel that #uality and imperfection out of it. Thusthen we have declared the manner how to e$tract theseaccidents from it. But all this while we have not shown how itmay be transformed into (ilver . Which now we are to speak of,as ever we have shown the manner of...

"6ow to bring Tin into Powder/"

Which we promised to teach. &et your Tin boil in the fire, andwhen it is very li#uid, pour it forth into a great !ortar , and whenit begins to wa$ cold, and to be congealed together again, youmust stir it round about with a wooden Pestle , and let it notstand still in any case, thus shall you cause it congealed into verysmall crumbs as little as dust, And when you have so done, put itinto a very fine ranging (ieve , and sift out the smallest of it, andthat which is left behind in your (ieve , because it is to great andnot broken well enough, you must put it into the fire again, anduse the very same course with it to break it into smaller parts, asyou used before, for unless it be thoroughly broken into powder,

it is not serviceable, nor fit for your purpose. )aving thereforeshown you how to break your Tin into small crumbs, as also howto e$pel out of it those imperfections whereby is it mostmanifestly discerned from (ilver , both which things are verynecessary preparative as it were to the main matter which wehave in hand, let us now come to the principal e$periment itself,namely,.....

"6ow to alter and transform Tin , that it maybecome (ilver "

ou must take an earthen vessel somewhat wide*mouthed, but ismust be very strong and firmly made, that it be thoroughly ableto ensure the vehemence of the fire, even to be red hot. +nto thisvessel put your Tin broken into such small crumbs as have beenspoken of, and therein you must with an Iron ladle stir it up anddown continually without ceasing, till it be all on a light fire, anyet none of the metal to be melted. When you have so done, thatyou have given it over, and it gathers together in one body or
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lump again, you must bestow the very same labor upon it asecond time, so long as it may stand in small crumbs all on a firefor the space of si$ hours together, without melting. But if somepart of the metal be melted by the vehement heat of the fire,and some other parts of it remain not melted, then you musttake away that which is melted, and when it is congealed, youmust break it into small powder once again, and you must runover your whole labor again , even in the same vessel and withthe same instrument as before. After this, when you havebrought all your metal to that perfection that it will endure thefire without melting, then you must put it into a glass*furnacewhere lass is found to be made, or else into some oven that ismade of purpose to refle$ the heat of the fire to the bestadvantage, and there let it be tormented and applied with a verygreat fire for the space of three or four days together. ntil suchtime as it is made perfectly white as snow. !or the smaller that itis broken and beaten into powder, the more perfectly it will takewhite, and be the fitter for your purpose, and more e$actlysatisfies your e$pectation. After all this, you must , put it into avessel that shall be almost full of $inegar , and the $inegar must cover all the Tin and swim about three or four inchesabove it. There you must 2istill it , and let the $inegar boil withit so long, till the Tin has colored it, and made it of his own hue,and thickened it into a more gross substance. Then let is stand awhile( and when it is thoroughly settled, pour out that $inegar and put in new, and temper it well with those ashes or crumbs of

Tin . And this must you do again and again, till all your Tin bedissolved into $inegar . +f by this often repetition of this labor,you cannot effect such a dissolution, then you must put it onceagain to the fire in such a furnace, or else into such an oven aswe spoke of before, that so it may be reduced into white ashesmore e$actly and perfectly, whereby it may be the more easilydissolved into $inegar . After this, you must let the vapor of the$inegar be e$haled and strained out, and the Tin that is leftbehind must be put into a certain vessel where the ashes havebeen found to be put. And then melt some ead and putamongst it. And because the ead that is put in will bear up the

Tin aloft therefore you must make certain little balls or pillscompounded of (oap and ime , or else (altpeter and#rimstone , or some other like fat earthy stuff, and cast them inamong the ead and Tin , and they will cause the Tin to drenchitself within the ead . And by this means, all your Tin that doestake the ead , and is incorporated into it by a %ust proportionand e#ual temperature, does become very e$cellent good(ilver . But this is marvelous hard labor, and not to be achieved
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that creaking and gnashing found, which Tin is found to yield,and whereby it is especially discerned from ead . "o that whenthe ead has lost its own earthy lumpiness, which is e$pelled byoften melting, and when it is endured with the sound of Tin ,which the %&ic'silver does easily work into it, there can be nodifference put between them, but that the ead is become Tin .+t is also possible to transform...

" Antimony into ead "

!or, that kind of Antimony which the Alchemists are found tocall by the name of 7eg&l&s , if it be often burned in the fire, andbe first thoroughly boiled, it turns into ead . This e$periment isobserved by 2ioscorides , who says, that if you take Antimony and burn it e$ceedingly in the fire, it is converted into ead ,

alen shows another e$periment concerning ead , namely...

"6ow to proc&re ead to become heavier, then ofitself it is///"

!or, whereas he had found by his e$perience, that ead has initself an ethereal or airy substance, he brings this e$periment. Ofall the metals, says he, that + been ac#uainted with, only ead isincreased in both in si e and weight. !or, it you lay it up in cellarsor such other places of receipt that are under the ground,wherein there is a turbulent and gross foggy air, so that

whatsoever is laid up in such rooms shall straight*aways gatherfilth and soil, it will be greater and heavier the before it was. es,even the very clamps of ead which have become fastened intocarved images to knit their parts more strongly together,especially those that have been fastened about their feet, havebeen divers times found to have wa$ed bigger. And some ofthose clamps have been seen to swell so much, that whereas inthe making of such images the ead plates and pins were madelevel with the images themselves, yet afterwards they have beenso swollen, as that they have stood forth like hillocks and knobsvery unevenly, out of the Crystal stones whereof the imageswere made. This ead , is a metal that has in it great store of%&ic'silver , as may appear by this, because it is a very easymastery,

"To e tract %&ic'silver o&t of ead "
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&et your ead be filed into very small dust, and to every twopound of ead thus beaten into powder, you must put one ounceof (altpeter , and one ounce of ordinary common (alt , and oneounce of Antimony . &et all these be well beaten and poundedtogether, and put into a (ieve . And when they are well sifted,put them into a vessel made of lass , and you must fence andplaster the lass round about on the outward side with thick

oam tempered with chopped (traw , and it must be laid onvery fast. And that it may stick up the vessel the better, your

lass must not be smooth but full of 7igoles , as if it werewrested or writhed. When your vessel is thus prepared, you mustsettle and apply it to a refle$ed fire, that is, to a fire made insuch a place, as will reflect and beat back the heat of it withgreat vehemence to the best advantage. And underneath yourvessels neck, you must place a large pan, or some other suchvessel of great capacity and receipt, which must be half full ofcold water. Then close up all very fast and secure, and let yourfire burn but a little, and give but a small heat for the space oftwo hours. Afterward it will make it greater, so that the vesselmay be thoroughly heated by it, even to be red hot. Then set ablower to work, and let him not leave off to blow for the space offour whole hours together, and you shall see the %&ic'silver drop down into the vessel that is half full of water, being sightedas it were, out of the metal by the vehement force of the fire./ommonly the %&ic'silver will stick to the sides of the vesselsneck, and therefore you must give the neck of the vessel a little

%olt or blow with your hand, so that the %&ic'silver will fall downinto the water vessel. By this practice + have often e$tractedfrom every pound of metal almost a whole once of %&ic'silver .

es, sometimes more than an ounce, when + have been verydiligent and laborious in performing the work. Anothere$periment + have seen, which drew me into great admiration,

" ead Converted into %&ic'silver " A Co&nterfeiting practice, which is the chief cause that all the%&ic'silver almost which is usually to be had, is but bastard

stuff, and merely Co&nterfeit . et it is bought and sold forcurrent, by reason of the near likeness it has with the best. &etthere be one pound of ead melted in an earthen vessel, andthen put into it one ounce of that tinny metal by the name of!archasite . And when they are both melted together you muststir them up and down, and temper them to a perfect medleywith a wooden ladle. +n the mean space you must have fourpounds of %&ic'silver warmed in another vessel standing by, to
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cast in upon that compounded metal, for unless your%&ic'silver be warm, it will not close nor agree well with yourmetals. Then temper your %&ic'silver and metal together for awhile and presently after, cast into cold water, so shall it notcongeal into any hard lump, but float on the top of the water,and be very #uick and lively. The only blemish it has, and thatwhich only may be e$cepted against it, is this, that it issomewhat pale and wan, and not all things so nimble and livelyas the true %&ic'silver is, but is more slow and slimy, drawingas it were a tail after it, as other viscous and slimy things arefound to do. But put into a vessel of lass , and lay it up for awhile, for the longer you keep it, the #uicker and nimbler it willbe.

Chapter III

"Of #rass , and how to transform itinto a worthier !etal"

W e will now allege certain e$periments concerning #rass .Which though they are but slight and trivial, yet we will not omitto speak of them, because we would fain satisfy the humor ofthose, who have a great desire to read of and be ac#uainted withsuch matters. And here we are to speak of such things that aregood to stain the bodies of metals with some other color they arenaturally endued with. et + must confess that these are butfained and Co&nterfeit colorings, such as will not last and stickby their bodies forever. 0either yet are they able to abide by anytrial, but as soon as ever they come to the touchstone, they may

easily be discerned to be but Co&nterfeit s. )owever, as theyare not greatly to be desired, because they are but deceivable,yet notwithstanding they are not utterly to be re%ected as thingsof no value. And because there are very few books e$tant whichtreat of any argument of like kind as this is, but they are full ofsuch e$periments and sleights as here offer themselves to behandled by us 1for they are very common things, and in everyman's mouth2 therefore we will in this place speak only of those
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things which are easily to be obtained, and carry with them avery goodly show, inasmuch that the best and sharpest censuremay be deluded and mistaken by the beautiful gloss that is castupon them. And it may gravel the #uickest and skillful %udgment,to define upon the thing whether they are true or Co&nterfeit .

et let them be esteemed no better then they deserve. But thisyou must know, that as slight and trivial as they are, yet theyre#uire the handling of a very skillful artificer. And whoever youare who goes about to practice these e$periments, if you are nota skillful and well e$perienced workman yourself, be sure to takethe advice and counsel of those that are very good artists in thiskind. !or otherwise you will certainly miscarry in them and bedefeated in your purpose. The chief and essential things that areof force to endue #rass with a whiter color, are these. Arsenicor O'er , that kind of %&ic'silver that is sublimated, as the

Alchemists call it, the foam or froth of (ilver , which is called bythe 3reeks, ithargyron . The !archasite or 1ire-stone , the

ees of wine , that kind of (alt which is found in Africa underthe sand, when the !oon is full, which is commonly called bythe name of Al-hali , (altpeter , and lastly Alome . +f you e$tractthe i+&or out of any of these, or out of all of these, and when itis dissolved, put your #rass , being red hot, into it to be#uenched, your #rass will become white. Or else if you meltyour #rass , and as soon as it is molten, put it into such i+&or ,your #rass will become white. Or else, if you draw forth into verysmall and thin plates, and pound those bodies we now speak of,

into small powder, and then cast both the #rass that is to becolored, and the bodies that must collar it, into a melting orcasting vessel, and there temper them together to good media,and keep them a great while in the fire, that it may bethoroughly melted, the #rass will become white. Or else, if youmelt your #rass , and then cast upon it some of that coloring insmall lumps, 1for if you cast it in powder and dust, it is a doubtthat the force and rage of the fire will utterly consume it, so thatit shall not be able to infect or stain the metal2 but if you castgood store of such coloring upon the molten #rass , it will endureyour #rass with a strange and wonderful whiteness, inasmuch

that it will seem to be very (ilver looking indeed. But that youmay learn the better, how to work such e$periments, andbesides, that you may by occasion of those things which are hereset down, learn how to compound and work other matters, wewill now set forth unto you certain e$amples, how we maymake...

"#rass to Co&nterfeit (ilver ///"
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!or when once you are trained up a little in the practice of thesematters, then they will sink more easily into your understanding,then by all your reading they can do. Therefore as we havespoken of such things as will do this feat, so also we will teachyou to work artificially. Take an earthen pot, and set it upon thefire with very hot coals heaped round about it, put ead into it,and when you see that ead is molten by the force of the fire,take the third part of so much (ilver as there was ead , andpound it into small powder, and put it to the ead into the pot.But you must sprinkle it in only by little and little, that it may bescorched, and even burned as it were by the heat of the fire, andmay float like as it were oil on the top and surface of the ead ,and some of it may be so wasted by the vehemence of the heat,that it will vanish away into the smoke. Then let them rest awhile, so long as there be any remainders of the coals left. Afteryou have so done, break the vessel into pieces, and take awaythe scum and 2ross of the metal. And whereas there will standon the top of the metal a certain oil as it were, or kind of %elly,you must take that, and break it in a !ortar , and cast it into avessel by little and little where there is #rass melted, though the#rass be three times so much in weight as that %elly is, yet the

%elly will endue all that #rass with a white (ilver color. 0ay, ifthere be more then three times so much melted #rass put intothat metal, it will make it all like unto (ilver . But if you wouldhave your #rass endued with a perfect white color, and notdiscernible from (ilver , you must melt some (ilver and some

#rass together, and then throw them into the fire, and so takethem out again after some short time. !or the longer you sufferthem in the fire, the worse will your e$periment succeed. Whichis a matter most worthy to be observed in these cases. !or ifyour work continue any longer in the fire then need re#uires, itwill fade in color, and the violence of the fire will countermandthe effect of your skill and labor in tempering the metalstogether, and so the #rass will recover his former cover in hisfirst estate. Wherefore let your metals be kept in the fire as littlewhile as you can, that you may make your #rass the whiter, andin time will wa$ blackish and dim again. !or the Arsenic that is

naturally incorporated into the #rass , will always strive torestore it to the former duskish and dim color which it is bynature endued withal. We will now also teach you another wayhow to make...

"#rass to Co&nterfeit (ilver II///"
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And this is a more e$cellent and notable e$periment then theformer. Take si$ ounces of the ees of wine , eight ounces ofcrystal Arsenic , half an ounce of %&ic'silver that has beensublimated, two ounces of (altpeter , one ounce and an half of

lass . Beat all these together in a mortar, and see that they bebroken into the smallest powder and dust that may be. After this,take three pounds of Copper , that which is commonly called#anda !ediolanensis . This you must have to be drawn out intosmall thin and slender plates. And when you have thus preparedyour metals and ingredients, you must take of that powder, andsprinkle it into an earthen pot by little and little, and withal putinto the same pot your slender plates of Copper . And thesethings you must do by course, first putting in some of yourpowder, and then some of your Copper , and afterward somepowder again, and afterward some of your little plates again, andso by turns one after another, till the pot be brim full. Then set acover upon your pot, and plaster it all over singularly well withgood stiff !ortar that is tempered with chopped (traw , thenbind it round about with bands and clamps of Iron , and truss itup very hard and stiff together, and then cover it over again withsuch !ortar as before. Afterward let the pot be made hot with agreat fire round about it. The manner of the heating of your potmust be this, set the pot in a center as it were, that the fire maylie in a circumference round about it, to the distance of one footfrom the center. A little after this, move your fire nearer to thepot, that there may not be above the distance of half a foot

between them, then within a while lay the fire a little nearer, andso by little and little let the fire be brought close to the pot, yesand let the pot be covered all over with hot burning coals, withinthe space of one hour, and so let it stand hidden in the fire forthe space of si$ whole hours. After the si$ hours, you must nottake away the coals, but let them go out and die of themselves,and let the pot so stand under them until it be stark cold. Andwhen it is thoroughly cold, break it into pieces, and there youshall find your little thin plates so brittle, that if you do but touchthem some what hard with your fingers, they will soon becrumbled into dust. When you have taken them out of the pot,

you must afterward put them into some casting vessel that isvery hard, and durable, and there within half an hour it will bemelted. Then put into it some of your powder by little and little,till all of is be molten together. Then cast it all forth into somehollow place, into some form or mold, that it may run along intorods, and the metal will be as brittle and as easy to be brokeninto small crumbs, as any ice can be. After all this, you must melttwo pounds of #rass , but you must first purify it and cleanse it a
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little, by casting upon it some broken lass , and ees of wine ,and (alt Ammoniac , and (altpeter , every one of them byturns, and by little and little. When you have thus cleansed it,you must put unto it one pound of that metal which you made ofthe Copper and powder before spoken of, and you must stillsprinkle upon them some of that powder, and after all this, youmust take half so much of the best (ilver that may be gotten,and melt it among the metals before spoken of and cast them alltogether into some hollow place like a mold, and so you shallobtain your purpose. But that the surface and the utmostoutsides of the metal may appear white, you must throw it intothe fire, that it may be burning hot, and then take it forth, andcast it into that water wherein the ees of wine and ordinary(alt have been li#uefied and dissolved, and there let it boil for acertain time, and so shall you make it very white, and moreoverso pliant and so easy to be framed and wrought to any fashion,that you may draw it through any little hole, yea even throughthe eye of a needle. !urthermore, this is not to be omitted norburied in silence, for it is a matter of great use, and special forcein the coloring of metals, that they be inwardly cleansed andpurged of their 2ross, that they may be thoroughly washed andrid of all such scum and Offal4s , as are incident unto them. !orbeing thus handled, they will be more serviceable and operativefor all e$periments. As for e$ample, let #rass be molten, andthen #uenched in $inegar , and then reduced into powder with(alt , so that the more gross and infectious parts thereof be

e$tracted from it. And let it be so handled oftentimes, till therebe nothing of its natural uncleanness remaining with it, and soshall it receive a deeper dye, and be changed into a more livelycolor. &et the vessel wherein you melt your metals to prepareand them and make fit for your turn, be bored through thebottom with sundry holes, that the metal being melted maystrain through, but the 2ross and scum, and Offal4s of it may beleft behind, that there be nothing but pure metal to be used inyour e$periments. !or the less 2ross and Offal4s that yourmetal have, they are so much the more serviceable for your usein working. &et this therefore be a general rule always to be

remembered and observed, that your metals be thoroughlypurged and rid from their 2ross as much as may possibly be,before ever you entertain any of them into your service for theseintendments. There is yet also another way whereby we maybring to pass that...

"#rass sho&ld resemble (ilver "
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And this by Arsenic Opine , which is an effectual means toaccomplish this matter. And whereas in tract of time the metalwill somewhat recover itself to its own former paleness and dimcolor, we will seek to remedy it and prevent it. The best ArsenicOpine that may be gotten, such as 8aws and gapes as though ithad scales upon it, it must be of a very orient golden color, andmust meddle this Arsenic Opine with the dust of #rass that hasbeen filed from it, and put into them some ees of wine , butthey must be each of them of an e#ual weight and #uantity whenyou drench them together within the i+&or , and so shall it beara continual orient color, and glitter very bright without everfading at all. After this, take you some (ilver , and dissolve withthat kind of water which is called A+&afortis but it must be suchas has in it very little store of moisture, for the most waterishhumor that is in it, must be evaporated in some scalding pot orother such vessel, which you must fill up to the brim si$ or seventimes, with the same water, after the vapors of it have beene$tracted by the heat of the fire that is under the vessel. Whenyou have thus done, you must mingle your (ilver that is sodissolved, with the #rass filings, and the Arsenic Opine whichwe spoke of before, and then you must plain it and smooth it allover with the red marble*stone, that the clefts or scales beforespoken of, may be closed up, and withal, you must water it bylittle and little, as it were drop after drop with the oil that hasbeen e$pressed or e$tracted out of the ees of Wine , or elseout of the most firm (alt Ammoniac that may be had. And

when the sun is gotten up to any strength, that it shows forthitself in very hot gleams, you must bring forth this confection,and let the force of the heat work upon it, even till it bethoroughly dry. Afterward you must supple it with more of thesame oil again, and then let it be dried up again so long, till thatwhich is remaining does weigh %ust so much as the (ilver weighted before it was dissolved. Then close up the vessel of

lass , and lay it under some dunghill till it be dissolved again,and after the dissolution be gathered together into a %elly, thencast into it ten or eight pieces of #rass , and it will color them all,into the most lively Co&nterfeit (ilver . But if you desire..

"To ma'e #rass show itself of a (ilver color, byr&bbing it between yo&r hands///"

As boys and co ening companions are often found to do, that ifthey do but handle any vessels of #rass , they will make themstraight*aways to glitter like (ilver , you may use this method.

Take (alt Ammoniac , and Alome , and (altpeter , of each of
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them an e#ual weight, and mingle them together, and put intothem a small #uantity of (ilver *dust, that has been filed off.

Then set them all to the fire, that they may be thoroughly hot,and when the fume or vapor is e$haled from them, that theyhave left reeking, make a powder of them, and whatsoever#rass you cast the powder upon, if you do withal, either wet itwith your own spittle, or else by little and little rub it over withyour fingers, you shall find that they will seem to be of a (ilver color. But if you would whiten such #rass more handsomely andneatly, you must take another course. ou must dissolve a little(ilver with A+&a-fortis , and put unto it so much ees of wine ,and as much (alt Ammoniac , let them so lie together till theybe about the thickness of the filth that is rubbed off from a mansbody after his sweating. Then roll it up in some small round balls,and so let them wa$ dry. When they are dry, if you rub them withyour fingers upon any #rass or other like metal, and still as yourub them moisten them with a little spittle, you shall make thatwhich you rub upon to be very like unto (ilver . The very likee$periment may be wrought by %&ic'silver , for this has awonderful force in making any metal to become white. 0ow,whereas we promised before, to teach you, not only how toendue #rass of such other metal with a (ilver color, but alsohow to preserve and keep the bodies so colored from returningto their former hew again, you must beware that these bodieswhich are endued with such a (ilver color, do not take hurt byany sharp or sour i+&or , for either )rine , or $inegar , or %uice

of emons , or any such tart and sour i+&or , will cause thiscolor soon to fade away, and so discredit your work, and declarethe color to those metals to be false and Co&nterfeit .

Chapter IV "Of Iron, and how to transform it into

a more worthy metal"
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N ow the order of my proceedings re#uires, that + shouldspeak somewhat also concerning Iron , for this is a metal whichthe Wi9ards of +ndia did highly esteem, as having in it muchgoodness, and being of such a temperature, that it may easily betransformed into a more worthy and e$cellent metal then itselfis. 0otwithstanding, some there are, which re%ect this metal asaltogether unprofitable, because it is so full of gross earthlysubstance, and can hardly be melted in the fire, by reason ofthat firm and settled #rimstone which is found in it. But if anyman would,

"Change Iron into #rass ,"

"o that no part of the gross and earthly substance shall remain init, he may easily obtain his purpose by Coppresse or $itriol . +tis reported that in the mountain /arpatus a )ill of 4annonia, at acertain town called "molinitium, there is a lake, in which thereare three channels full of water. And whatever Iron is put intothose channels, it is converted into #rass . And if the Iron whichyou cast into them is in small pieces or little clumps, presentlythey are converted into mud or dirt. But if that mud be bakedand hardened in the fire, it will be turned into perfectly good#rass . But there is an artificial means whereby this also may beaffected. +t is to be done this way. Take Iron , and put it into a

casting vessel, and when it is red hot with the vehement heat ofthe fire, and that it begins to melt, you must cast upon it by littleand little some sprinkling of # rimstone . Then you must pour itforth, and cast into small rods, and beat it with hammers. +t isvery brittle, and will easily be broken. Then dissolve it with

A+&afortis . "uch as is compounded of $itriol and Alometempered together. "et it upon hot cinders until boiling, and isdissolved into vapors, and to #uite vanish away. And thesubstance thereof, or the rubbish that remains behind, if it isreduced into one solid body again, will become good brass. +fyou would,

"!a'e Iron to become white,"

ou may effect it by diverse and sundry sleights. et let this onlydevice content you in this matter. !irst, you must cleanse andpurge your Iron of the 2ross and refuse that is in it. And of thatpoisoned corruption of 7&st that it is generally infected with.!or it has more earthly substance and parts in it then any other
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metal has. "o much that if you boil it and purge it never sooften, it will still of itself yield some new e$crements. To cleanseand purge it, this is the best way. Take some small thin plates ofIron , and make them red hot. Then #uench them in strong ye and $inegar which have been boiled with ordinary (alt and

Alome . And this you must use to do with them often, until theyare somewhat whitened. The fragments or scrapings also ofIron , you must pound in a !ortar , after they have been steepedin (alt . And you must bray them together till the (alt is #uitechanged, so that there is no blackness left in the i+&or of it.And until the Iron is cleansed and purged from the 2ross that is

in it. When you have thus prepared your Iron , you must whitenit in this manner. 5ake a plaster as it were, of %&ic'silver and

ead tempered together. Then pound them into powder, andput that powder into an earthen vessel among your plates ofIron that you have prepared to be whitened. /lose up the vesselfast, and plaster it all over with !ortar , so that there may be nobreathing place for any air either to get in or out. Then put itinto the fire, and there let it stay for one whole day together, andat length increase your fire, that it may be so vehement hot as tomelt the Iron . !or the plaster or confection which was made of

ead and %&ic'silver , will work in the Iron two effects. !irst, itwill dispose it to melting, that it shall soon be dissolved. Andsecondly, it will dispose it to whitening, that it shall the soonerreceive a glittering color. After all this, draw forth your Iron intosmall thin plates again, and proceed the second time in the same

course as before, till you find that it has taken so muchwhiteness as your purpose was to endue to it. +n like manner, ifyou melt in a vessel that has holes in the bottom of it, and meltwith it ead , and the !archasite or 1ire-stone , and Arsenicand such other things we spoke of before in our e$periments of#rass , you may make Iron also to become white. +f you putamong it some (ilver , though not much, it will soon resemblethe color of (ilver . !or Iron does easily suffer itself to be meltedwith old or (ilver . And they may be so thoroughlyincorporated into each other, that by all the rules of separationthat can be used, you cannot without great labor, and very much

ado separate the one of them form the other.
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Chapter V "Of %&ic'silver , and of the effects andoperations thereof/"

In the ne$t place it is time that we speak something concerning%&ic'silver and the manifold operations thereof. Wherein wewill first set down certain vulgar and common congelations that itmakes with other things, because many men do desire to knowthem. And secondly, we will show, how it may be dissolved intowater, that they which are desirous of such e$periments, may besatisfied herein. !irst therefore we will show,

"6ow %&ic'silver may be congealed and c&rdled asit were with Iron /"

4ut the %&ic'silver into a casting vessel, and put together withit that water, which the #lac'smith has used to #uench his hotIron in. And put in also among them (alt Ammoniac , and$itriol and $erdigrease . Twice so much of every one of these,as there was %&ic'silver . &et all these boil together in an

e$ceeding great fire, and still turn them up and down with anIron slice or ladle. And if at any time the water boils away, youmust be sure that you have in readiness some of the same waterthrough hot to cast into it, that it may supply the waste whichthe fire has made, and not yet hinder the boiling. Thus will theybe congealed all together within the space of si$ hours. Afterthis, you must take the congealed stuff when it is cold and bind itup hard with your hands in eather thongs, or inen cloth, orOsiers , that all the %uice and moisture that is in it, may bes#uee ed out of it. Then let that which is s#uee ed and drainedout, settle itself and be congealed once again, till the whole

confection is made. Then put it into an earthen vessel wellwashed, and among it some spring*water, and take off as near asyou can, all the filth and scum that is upon it and is gone towasted. An in that vessel you must temper and diligently mi$together your congealed matter with spring*water, till the wholematter be pure and clear. Then lay it abroad in the open airthree days and three nights, and the sub%ect which you have
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wrought upon will wa$ thick and hard like a shell or a tile shard. There is also another congelation to be made with %&ic'silver .

"Congealing of %&ic'silver with balls of #rass /"

Thus, make two #rass half circles, that they may fasten onewithin the other, that nothing may e$hale. 4ut into them%&ic'silver , with an e#ual part of white Arsenic and Tartar well powdered and seirced. &ute the %oints well without, thatnothing may breath forth. "o let them dry, and cover them withcoals all over for si$ hours. Then make all red hot, then take itout and open it, and you shall see it all coagulated and to stick inthe hollow #rass ball. "trike it with a 6ammer , and it will falloff. 5elt it, and pro%ect it, and it will give an e$cellent color liketo (ilver , and it is hard to discern it from (ilver . +f you will, you

may mingle it with three parts of melted Brass, and without(ilver , it will be e$ceeding white, soft and malleable. +t is alsomade another way. 5ake a great cup of (ilver , red Arsenic and

atin , with a cover that fits close, that nothing may e$hale. !illthis with %&ic'silver , and lute the %oints with the white of an3gg , or some Pine tree 7osin , as it is commonly done. )angthis into a pot full of inseed oil, and let it boil twelve hours. Take it out, and strain it through a skin or straw. And if any partis not coagulated, do the work again, and make it coagulate. +fthe vessel does coagulate it slowly, so much as you find it haslost of its weight of the (ilver , Arsenic and Alchemy make that

good again, for we cannot know by the weight. se it, it iswonderful that the %&ic'silver will draw to itself out of thevessel, and %&ic'silver will enter in. 0ow + shall show what maybe sometimes useful,

"To draw water o&t of %&ic'silver /"

5ake a vessel of Potters 3arth , that will endure the fire, ofwhich Cr&cibles are made si$ foot long, and of a foot diameter.3lassed within with lass , about a foot broad at the bottom, a

finger thick, narrower at the top, bigger at the bottom. About

the neck let there be a hole as big as one's finger, and a littlepipe coming forth, by which you may fitly put in the %&ic'silver .On the top of the mouth let there be a lass cap, fitted with the

pipe, and let it be smeared with clammy Clay , and bind it abovethat it breaths not forth. !or this work make a furnace, let it beso large at the top, that it may be fit to receive the bottom ofthe vessel, a foot broad and deep. ou must make the grate thefire is made upon, with that art, that when need is you may draw
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it back on one side, and the fire may fall beneath. "et thereforethe empty vessel into the furnace, and by degrees kindle the fire.&astly, make the bottom red hot. When you see it to be so,

which you may know by the top, you must look through the glasscap. 4resently by the hole prepared pour in ten or fifteen poundsof %&ic'silver . And presently with clay cast upon it stop thathole, and take away the grate that the fire may fall to the lowerparts, and forthwith #uench it with water. Then you shall seethat the water of %&ic'silver will run forth as the nose of thecap, into the receiver under it, about an ounce in #uantity. Takethe vessel from the fire, and pour forth the %&ic'silver , and soas before, and always once ounce of water will distill forth. 6eepthis for chemical operations. + found this the best for to (m&g up women with. This artifice was found to purify %&ic'silver . +shall not pass over another art, no less wonderful than profitablefor use,

"To ma'e %&ic'silver grow to be a Tree/"

7issolve (ilver in A+&afortis , what is dissolved evaporate intothin air at the fire, that there may remain at the bottom a thickunctious substance. Then 2istill fountain water twice or thrice,and pour it on the thick matter, shaking it well. Then let it standa little, and pour into another glass vessel the most pour water,in which the (ilver is. Add to the water a pound of %&ic'silver ,in a most transparent crystalline glass that will attract to it that

(ilver . And in the space of a day there will spring up a mostbeautiful tree from the bottom, and hairy, as made of most finebeards of Corn , and it will fill the whole vessel, that the eye canbehold nothing more pleasant. The same is made of old with

A+&aregia .

Chapter VI
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