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The Euro Crisis, Media Coverage, and
Perceptions of Europe within the EU
Report on Italy
Project Description How has European news coverage portrayed Europe, European institutions, EU members and the Euro, what does that coverage tell us about Europe, and what are the implications of the way the sovereign debt and banking crises has been covered and portrayed? These are the fundamental questions of this European-wide study led by the Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism at University of Oxford. This project explores how the Euro Crisis has been portrayed in media in EU countries and how differences in coverage and journalistic practices have affected perceptions of the crisis and Europe. The purpose of the project is to determine how Europeans understand the challenges facing the Euro, and the workings of the European Union and European Central Bank, through the news media of their countries. The research is identifying main themes in coverage, choices of events and personalities covered, the extent and nature of the coverage and the scope and balance of the opinions expressed. It is seeking to identify differences among national coverage patterns and to gauge the effect the coverage has on citizens’ view of the EU and its institutions. The project was conducted by a coalition of partners in Greece, Italy, Spain, Germany, Belgium, Poland, Finland and the United Kingdom
Dipartimento Istituzioni e Società – University of Perugia The partners producing this report teach at the Dipartimento Istituzioni e Società, Università di Perugia and Dipartimento di Scienze politiche e sociali, Università di Bologna. In particular: Paolo Mancini is Professor in the Dipartimento Istituzioni e Società, Università di Perugia. His major publications include "Politics, Media and Modern Democracy" with David Swanson (New York, Praeger, 1996), “Comparing Media Systems. Three Models of Media and Politics” with Dan Hallin (Cambridge University Press, 2004) “Sociologie della comunicazione (with Alberto Abruzzese) (Laterza, 2008); “Elogio della lottizzazione” (Laterza, 2009). Donatella Campus is Associate Professor of Political science in the Department of Political and Social Sciences at the University of Bologna. She is the author L'elettore Pigro (2000); Comunicazione Politica: Le nuove frontiere (2008); Antipolitics in power (2010); Women political leaders and the media (2013). Marco Mazzoni is Assistant Professor of Sociology of Communication in the Dipartimento Istituzioni e Società, Università di Perugia. His major publications include: “Le relazioni pubbliche e il lobbying in Italia” (Laterza, 2010); “Nuovi approcci alla comunicazione politica” with Enrico Caniglia, (Carocci, 2011). Giovanni Barbieri is Assistant Professor of Political Sociology in the Department of Institutions and Society at the University of Perugia. Recent publications include: L’uomo comunitario nella società globalizzata (Rubbettino, 2010); Mutamenti della politica nell’Italia contemporanea (editor, with Roberto Segatori, Rubbettino, 2007); Pareto e il fascismo (FrancoAngeli, 2003). His research interests lie in the areas of globalisation, ethno-regionalist parties, communitarianism.
Methods
A content analysis using common methods and coding were implemented by the
partners conducting research in the different countries in the project.
4 newspapers in each country were selected for study: the leading financial/business newspaper, two leading papers representing conservative and liberal views, and the leading tabloid. In the absence of a tabloid, the leading centrist general circulation paper was added. This latter accommodation was included to deal with states that do not have major national tabloids, notably Greece, Italy, and Spain, but have
major papers representing liberal, centrist, and conservative views.
Articles were examined and coded for 26 variables.
Content studied
The research team has identified 11 major developmental periods between 2010 and 2012 and selected coverage beginning 7 days before and ending 7 days after each major development as the content of the study. These inclusive dates are:
February 4-February 18, 2010—EU summit (February 11-12) related to role of
European governments and IMF in any intervention
April 25-May 9, 2010—pegged to Eurozone members and IMF agreement for
100bn euro intervention for Greece (May 2).
December 9-December 23, 2010—pegged to EU Contract change 16
December
July 25-August 18, 2011--ECB asks Italy for more austerity measures (August
5)
September 28-October 12, 2011--pegged to Greek general strike against
austerity measures (October 5)
October 19-November 2, 2011—pegged to EU Summit boosting stability fund,
extending new aid, and requiring banks to raise new capital (Oct. 26-27).
November 5-November 19, 2011—pegged to Berlusconi resignation/Monti
appointment (Nov. 12-13), includes French austerity measures
November 19-November 30, 2011—pegged to EC Green Paper on stability
bonds and proposal to bring national budgets under EC control (Nov 23)
May 16-June 5, 2012—pegged to EU summit (May 23) to boost growth and
balance austerity, attention on Spain, and UK governmental meetings to
protect UK financial system.
June 18-July 5, 2012—Spain formally requests assistance (June 25), Merkel
calls the Eurobonds “economically wrong and counterproductive,” (June 27),
EU Summit on Debt Crisis (June 28-29)
July 8-July 22, 2012—pegged to Merkel affirmation of need for adherence to
budget targets and European monitoring(July 15)
The selection of these periods was made to focus on periods in which significant contemporary developments led to significant amounts of coverage, analysis, and evaluation of involving the topics under investigation. The decision to use this structured sampling, rather than to sample the entire period of 2010-12, was made to avoid potentially missing coverage of some of the most significant events. Sampling before and after these develops also captures coverage not directly related to events and ensure assessment of weekend editions which have significant and extended commentary and opinion sections in many nations.
Searching content
Data base searches used the terms EURO and CRISIS, or their national linguistic equivalents, in order to maintain commonality. The choice of these terms has been made based on test searches made by all partners that show they gather the largest number of articles and the desire to remove duplication of articles that may occur if additional terms are employed. Because of linguistic and database differences the separate coding using EURO and CRISIS and EUROPE is being employed by the
Spanish team.
The Euro Crisis, Media Coverage, and
Perceptions of Europe within the EU
Report on ITALY
This reports provide a basic descriptive frequency analysis of the results of the research for Italy. It is based on a content analysis of four newspapers, including the largest business daily, Il Sole 24 Ore; and Corriere della Sera (liberal and largest newspaper), La Repubblica (liberal newspaper) and il Giornale (conservative newspaper). In Italy, there are not tabloid papers.
Number of articles by newspaper
Newspaper number
Frequenza
Percentuale
valida
Il Sole 24 Ore 408 43,1
La Repubblica 202 21,3
Il Giornale 107 11,3
Il Corriere della sera 230 24,3
Totale 947 100,0
Number of articles in each period
IT
11-12 Feb 2010_Eu summit-Role of
EU-Governments and IMF
53
2 May 2010_Agreement on 100bn
intervention in Greece
102
16 December 2010_Change of EU
contract 53
5 August 2011_ECB claims more
austerity measures from Italy
80
5 October 2011_Greek general
strike against austerity measures
46
26-27 October 2011_EU summit-
Boosting stability fund, extending
new aid
101
12-13 November 2011_Berlusconis
resignation-Montis appointment
104
23 November 2011_EC Green
Paper on stability bonds
91
23 May 2012_EU summit on growth
and balance austerity, attention on
Spain, UK governmental meetings
107
28-29 June 2012_EU summit on
Sovereign Debt Crisis
114
15 July 2012_Merkels affirmation of
need or adherence to budget
targets and European monitoring
96
Totale 947
Genres of stories
Genre
N. %
news story 352 37,2
news analysis or background story 292 30,8
feature story 38 4,0
editorial 12 1,3
opinion/commentary 200 21,1
Interview 44 4,6
other 9 1,0
Total 947 100,0
What was the impetus for stories?
Story impetus
N. %
event-based 224 23,7
request-based 39 4,1
decision-based 135 14,3
statement/pronouncement-based 91 9,6
market development-based 214 22,6
reports in other media 24 2,5
other 77 8,1
not tied to a specific event or
devolpment 143 15,1
Total 947 100,0
What was the story source?
N. %
domestic-based staff writer 567 59,9
foreign-based staff writer 258 27,2
newspaper itself indicated in the byline as
producing the story
2 ,2
newspaper and news agency jointly indicated as
producing the story
1 ,1
news agency 2 ,2
expert writer 97 10,2
writers affiliation not indicated/non-staff writer 4 ,4
other 7 ,7
Total 938 99,0
no writer/source indicated 9 1,0
Total 947 100,0
On what pages were articles placed?
Page placement
N. %
1 143 15,1
2 116 12,2
3 79 8,3
4 56 5,9
5 53 5,6
6 49 5,2
7 33 3,5
8 39 4,1
9 33 3,5
10 47 5,0
11 28 3,0
12 32 3,4
13 19 2,0
14 21 2,2
15 16 1,7
16 10 1,1
17 18 1,9
18 8 ,8
19 13 1,4
20 7 ,7
21 8 ,8
22 7 ,7
23 6 ,6
24 12 1,3
25 4 ,4
26 13 1,4
27 7 ,7
28 8 ,8
29 2 ,2
30 5 ,5
31 2 ,2
32 3 ,3
33 1 ,1
34 1 ,1
35 1 ,1
36 8 ,8
37 5 ,5
38 2 ,2
39 3 ,3
40 1 ,1
41 2 ,2
42 3 ,3
43 2 ,2
44 4 ,4
46 4 ,4
48 1 ,1
49 1 ,1
50 2 ,2
51 1 ,1
52 1 ,1
54 1 ,1
55 1 ,1
56 3 ,3
58 2 ,2
Total 947 100,0
In what sections were articles placed?
No detect
What were the sizes of the articles?
Size of article
N. %
short 226 23,9
medium 605 63,9
long 116 12,2
Total 947 100,0
What types of sources were quoted?
N. %
a
Officials 5 0,1%
European Union Official 268 5,7%
unnamed European Union Official 22 0,5%
foreign government official 25 0,5%
unnamed foreign government
official 9 0,2%
domestic government official 15 0,3%
unnamed domestic government
official 2 0,0%
national government leaders 28 0,6%
prime minister/president with
executive power 821 17,3%
domestic prime minister/president
with executive power 306 6,5%
other foreign government minister 166 3,5%
other domestic government minister 128 2,7%
national political leaders 12 0,3%
foreign political leader 101 2,1%
domestic political leader 113 2,4%
foreign member of European
Parliament 6 0,1%
domestic member of European
Parliament 1 0,0%
bankers/financiers 28 0,6%
European Central Bank official 170 3,6%
World Bank/International Monetary
Fund 52 1,1%
foreign central bank official 56 1,2%
domestic central bank official 54 1,1%
foreign non-governmental banker or
investment executive 58 1,2%
domestic non-governmental banker
or investment executive 48 1,0%
Economists 9 0,2%
foreign non-governmental
economist 128 2,7%
domestic non-governmental
economist 74 1,6%
Society representatives 44 0,9%
foreign union leader or employee
representative 7 0,1%
domestic union leader or employee
representative 18 0,4%
foreign think tank, interest group,
NGO 47 1,0%
domestic think tank, interest group,
NGO 11 0,2%
foreign business representative 30 0,6%
domestic business representative 30 0,6%
foreign civil society, social
movement/protester representative 31 0,7%
domestic civil society, social
movement/protester representative 24 0,5%
foreign member of the public 19 0,4%
domestic member of the public 13 0,3%
other 319 6,7%
none 1437 30,3%
Total 4735 100,0%
What specific individuals were quoted as sources?
N. %
a
Silvio Berlusconi 150 7,5%
José Barroso 81 4,1%
David Cameron 20 1,0%
Mario Draghi 110 5,5%
Francois Holland 77 3,9%
Jean Claude Juncker 54 2,7%
Christine Lagarde 23 1,2%
Angela Merkel 342 17,2%
Mario Monti 218 11,0%
Lucas Papademos 13 0,7%
George A. Papandreou 57 2,9%
Mariano Rajoy 57 2,9%
Herman Van Rompuy 52 2,6%
Olli Rehn 59 3,0%
Nicolas Sarkozy 145 7,3%
Dominique Strauss-Kahn 17 0,9%
Jean-Claude Trichet 69 3,5%
José Zapatero 28 1,4%
Other 418 21,0%
Total 1990 100,0%
What do the articles indicate is the main fundamental roots of the crisis?
Fundamental root of crisis
N. %
Starting conditions and structure of
the Euro system 19 2,0
Euro was a political project not
based on following economic
fundamentals
5 ,5
Incompatibility of one currency and
fiscal and economic national
sovereignty of nations
5 ,5
Crisis country not ready for Euro
membership in economic and
structural terms
4 ,4
National industrial policies and
developments 1 ,1
Countries’ with major sovereign
debt problems inability to build up
competitive industries
2 ,2
Spain’s construction industry
bubble 3 ,3
National fiscal and social policies 6 ,6
Overall high fiscal debt volume of
all countries 12 1,3
Countries’ with major sovereign
debt problems lax debt policies 13 1,4
Countries’ with major sovereign
debt problems grant social benefits
they cannot afford
4 ,4
Countries’ with major sovereign
debt problems voluptuous state’s
apparatus
6 ,6
Germany’s low budget deficits/lack
of expansion policies 2 ,2
Banks’ and financial institutions’
policies 14 1,5
(national/international) banks
having financed too much of fiscal
and/or private debts
4 ,4
(national/international) banks
unwillingness to further finance
states debt/industries’ investments
2 ,2
ECB’s loose monetary policy, which
helped to finance states and private
debt
1 ,1
National bank supervisory
authorities’ inability/unwillingness to
control national banks’ behavior
1 ,1
Speculation against the Euro 12 1,3
Speculation against a country with
sovereign debt challenges 9 1,0
Political roots 3 ,3
Unwillingness of nations to transfer
power to the EU 1 ,1
Weakness of the central European
institutions 3 ,3
Different political cultures 3 ,3
Failure of the political class in the
problem countries 12 1,3
Maastricht Treaty 3 ,3
Maastricht Treaty concerning
budget restrictions does not match
economic necessities
1 ,1
ECB’s restriction to avoid
inflation/stable currency as the only
goal does not match
necessities/potential of monetary
1 ,1
ECB’s prohibition of financing
national sovereign debt not
adequate in crisis situations/this
crisis
1 ,1
General economic roots 1 ,1
the recession 1 ,1
influence of globalization and the
global economy 3 ,3
Other 11 1,2
None 778 82,2
Total 947 100,0
Who do articles indicate should bear the main responsibility to solve the problem?
Responsibility to solve
N. %
Countries with sovereign debt
problems themselves 143 15,1
Countries without sovereign debt
problems 35 3,7
Eurozone members as a group 232 24,5
The European Union 141 14,9
European Central Bank 86 9,1
International Monetary Fund/World
Bank 13 1,4
Banks, investors, and other lenders
which hold debt 21 2,2
Other 40 4,2
None 236 24,9
Total 947 100,0
What do articles indicate should be the main specific mechanism for response to the crisis?
Specific mechanism
N. %
Loans from other countries without
supervision 128 13,5
Loans from other countries with
supervision 126 13,3
European Central Bank loans and
bond purchases 95 10,0
Abatement of existing loan
provision 29 3,1
Reduce of budget deficits 107 11,3
Fiscal stimulus 9 1,0
Growth policies 73 7,7
Other 75 7,9
None 305 32,2
Total 947 100,0
What do the articles indicate should be the primary broader response needed to the crisis?
Broader response to crisis
N. %
More EU power over national
budgets 99 10,5
Nations with weak economies
dropping the Euro 66 7,0
Nations with strong economies
dropping the Euro 15 1,6
National structural reforms in
nations with problems 190 20,1
Breaking up the Euro zone
altogether 13 1,4
Other 99 10,5
Total 482 50,9
None 465 49,1
Total 947 100,0
What do articles indicate as the main benefit from the existence of the Euro currency?
Benefit of the euro
N. %
Beneficial consequences for the
national economy 18 1,9
Improves the competitiveness of
national businesses 3 ,3
Improves the stability, operation
and competitiveness of national
banks
5 ,5
Improves the position of national
consumers 1 ,1
Improves national monetary stability 6 ,6
Lowers national interest rates 5 ,5
Beneficial consequences for the
European economy 2 ,2
Improves the competitiveness of
European business 2 ,2
Improves the stability, operation
and competitiveness of the
European financial system
2 ,2
Beneficial European political
consequences 3 ,3
Advances European political
integration 3 ,3
Advances the creation of a single
market 1 ,1
Strengthens the geopolitical
position of Europe 1 ,1
Beneficial national social
consequences 1 ,1
Improves living standards and
general well-being (EU) 1 ,1
None 893 94,3
Total 947 100,0
What country or regions are indicated as main beneficiary of the Euro currency?
Origin of beneficiary of euro
N. %
Germany 13 1,4
Greece 2 ,2
Italy 6 ,6
Latvia 1 ,1
Poland 1 ,1
Spain 1 ,1
United Kingdom 1 ,1
Southern countries 1 ,1
EU countries in general 8 ,8
Other 3 ,3
No main country beneficiary
indicated 910 96,1
Total 947 100,0
What do articles explicitly indicate as the main harmful consequence from the existence of the Euro currency?
Disadvantage of the euro
N. %
Harmful consequences for national
economy 40 4,2
Harms to national business 17 1,8
Harms to national banks 53 5,6
Harms to national consumers 3 ,3
Harms to national financial markets 8 ,8
National interest rates too low/too
high 9 1,0
Harmful consequences for the
European economy 33 3,5
Harms to European business 12 1,3
Harms to European banks 13 1,4
Harms to financial markets 28 3,0
European interest rates too low/too
high 13 1,4
Harmful national political
consequences 8 ,8
Restricts national control over
economic policy 5 ,5
Restricts ability to regulate and
control financial markets 7 ,7
Diminishes the scope of democratic
decision-making 8 ,8
Diminishes national sovereignty 12 1,3
Harmful European political
consequences 1 ,1
Restricts ability to regulate and
control financial markets 7 ,7
Creates a mis-match between
monetary and fiscal authority 1 ,1
Diminishes democratic legitimacy in
Europe/ of the EU 2 ,2
Harmful national social
consequences 2 ,2
Worsens national living standards
and national general well-being 3 ,3
Deteriorates national social
services and decreases social
benefits
3 ,3
Increases national inequality 4 ,4
Worsens living standards and
general well-being (EU) 1 ,1
Deteriorates social services and
decreases social benefits (EU) 1 ,1
Other 2 ,2
None 651 68,7
Total 947 100,0
What country or regions receive the main harm from the Euro as a currency?
Origin of sufferer from euro
N. %
Austria 1 ,1
Cyprus 4 ,4
France 6 ,6
Germany 14 1,5
Greece 20 2,1
Italy 47 5,0
Spain 22 2,3
United Kingdom 2 ,2
Country regions 2 ,2
Southern countries 17 1,8
Northern countries 2 ,2
EU countries in general 23 2,4
Other 15 1,6
Total 175 18,5
No origin of main loser indicated 772 81,5
947 100,0
Who do articles indicate primarily benefit or will benefit (economically or politically) from the Euro crises?
Beneficiary of the Euro Crisis
N. %
One country or region in particular 42 4,4
Political and financial authorities 4 ,4
National Parliament 1 ,1
National Government 9 1,0
European Commission 1 ,1
European Central Bank 5 ,5
Private economic actors 4 ,4
Commercial banks 8 ,8
Large
investors/speculators/hedgefunds 57 6,0
Non-financial industries 1 ,1
Younger people 3 ,3
Other 8 ,8
None 804 84,9
Total 947 100,0
What country or regions are portrayed as the main beneficiary of the Euro crisis?
Origin of beneficiary of Euro Crisis
N. %
Germany 26 2,7
Greece 3 ,3
Italy 11 1,2
Latvia 1 ,1
Spain 3 ,3
EU countries in general 4 ,4
Other 4 ,4
No origin of main beneficiary
indicated 895 94,5
Total 947 100,0
Who do the articles indicate primarily suffer or will suffer (economically or politically) from the Euro crises?
Suffers from Euro Crisis
N. %
One country or region in particular 562 59,3
Political and financial authorities 20 2,1
National Parliament 5 ,5
National Government 29 3,1
European Commission 1 ,1
European Central Bank 12 1,3
Private economic actors 8 ,8
Commercial banks 40 4,2
Large
investors/speculators/hedgefunds 3 ,3
Non-financial industries 17 1,8
Population 6 ,6
Population in general 25 2,6
Upper class 1 ,1
Lower/middle class 12 1,3
Younger people 6 ,6
Tax payers 2 ,2
Unemployed people 5 ,5
Other 15 1,6
None 178 18,8
Total 947 100,0
What country or region is depicted as primarily suffering the identified consequences of the Euro crisis?
Origin of Euro Crisis sufferer
N. %
Austria 1 ,1
Cyprus 2 ,2
France 12 1,3
Germany 18 1,9
Greece 145 15,3
Ireland 5 ,5
Italy 175 18,5
The Netherlands 1 ,1
Portugal 1 ,1
Slovenia 1 ,1
Spain 35 3,7
United Kingdom 3 ,3
Country regions 9 1,0
Southern countries 97 10,2
Northern countries 2 ,2
EU countries in general 126 13,3
Other 16 1,7
Total 649 68,5
No origin of main loser indicated 298 31,5
947 100,0
What are the main geopolitical frames of the articles?
Geopolitical frame
N. %
domestic 282 29,8
foreign 286 30,2
European 325 34,3
Other 2 ,2
Totale 895 94,5
None/no clear frame 52 5,5
Total 947 100,0
What is the main portrayal of European Commission/European Union/Eurozone institutions?
Portrayal of EU
N. %
the article portrays them as
insignificant in addressing the crisis 24 2,5
the article portrays them as lacking
capabilities to address the crisis 108 11,4
the article portrays them as
ineffectual of confused in
addressing the crisis
223 23,5
the article portrays them as central
to addressing the crisis 145 15,3
the article portrays them as strong
and determined in addressing the
crisis
26 2,7
Other 28 3,0
None 393 41,5
Total 947 100,0
What is the main portrayal of European Central Bank?
Portrayal of ECB
N. %
the article portrays it as insignificant
in addressing the crisis 3 ,3
the article portrays it as lacking
capabilities to address the crisis 99 10,5
the article portrays it as ineffectual
of confused in addressing the crisis 54 5,7
the article portrays it as central to
addressing the crisis 146 15,4
the article portrays it as strong and
determined in addressing the crisis 22 2,3
the article portrays it as acting
within its legal framework 8 ,8
the article portrays it as acting at
the border or outside of tis legal
framework
5 ,5
Other 27 2,9
None 583 61,6
Totale 947 100,0
What consequences of the rescue measures are foreseen?
Consequences
N. %
Deeper integration/transfer of
national sovereignty to European
institutions
124 13,1
Stronger and stable Euro 15 1,6
Success/Eurozone preserved 40 4,2
Final breakup of the Euro zone to
more than one 59 6,2
Failure/countries with sovereign
debt problems will drop the Euro
finally
77 8,1
Establishment of an enduring
transfer system to countries with
sovereign debt problems
17 1,8
Europe wide inflation 6 ,6
Other 41 4,3
None 568 60,0
Totale 947 100,0
What are the most frequent Metaphors used to describe the crisis?
Metaphors
N. %
713 75,3
"abbraccio" "embrace" 1 ,1
"abisso" "abyss" 2 ,2
"alla deriva" "adrift" 2 ,2
"allarme" "alarm" 6 ,6
"alta tensione" "high tension" 1 ,1
"andare in frantumi" "break into
fragments" 1 ,1
"anno nero" "black year" 1 ,1
"annus horribilis" 1 ,1
"antidoto" "antidote" 1 ,1
"apnea" "apnoea" 1 ,1
"apocalisse" "apocalypse" 1 ,1
"argine" "river bank" 1 ,1
"arma" "weapon" 1 ,1
"armi spuntate" "blunt weapons" 1 ,1
"assalto" "assault" 1 ,1
"assassino" "killer" 2 ,2
"assedio" "siege" 1 ,1
"assesdio" "siege" 1 ,1
"Atene affonda" "Athens sinks" 1 ,1
"Atene non brucia" "Athens does
not burn" 1 ,1
"attacco" "attack" 1 ,1
"baratro" "collapse" 2 ,2
"barbari" "barbarians" 1 ,1
"battaglia decisiva" "decisive battle" 1 ,1
"battaglia" "battle" 1 ,1
"bazooka" 1 ,1
"Bce=bunker" 2 ,2
"bocciare" "fail" 3 ,3
"bomba atomica sull'euro" "atomic
bomb on the euro" 1 ,1
"braccio di ferro" "arm wrestling" 3 ,3
"briglia" "rein" 1 ,1
"brillare" "shine" 1 ,1
"brucia" "burn" 1 ,1
"bufera" "blizzard" 1 ,1
"bufera" "storm" 5 ,5
"cadere" "fall-down" 1 ,1
"Cambio di stagione" "change of
season" 1 ,1
"campo di battaglia" "battlefield" 1 ,1
"Cancelliera miope" "Chancellor
myopic" 1 ,1
"cardiopalma" "palpitation" 1 ,1
"cartella clinica" "case history" 1 ,1
"cavalleria" "cavalry" 1 ,1
"cicala" "cicada" 1 ,1
"ciclone" "hurricane" 1 ,1
"codice rosso" "red code" 1 ,1
"colare a picco" "sink" 1 ,1
"collasso" "collapse" 1 ,1
"compiti a casa" "homework" 1 ,1
"congelare" "freeze" 1 ,1
"contagio" "contagion" 34 3,6
"corsa" "race" 1 ,1
"decollare" "take off" 1 ,1
"effetto domino" "domino effect" 1 ,1
"esplosione" "explosion" 1 ,1
"euro sotto attacco" "euro under
attack" 1 ,1
"falchi" "hawks" 1 ,1
"febbre da spread" "spread fever" 2 ,2
"febbre" "fever" 1 ,1
"Fermare il fuoco" "Stop the fire" 1 ,1
"fiamme" "flames" 1 ,1
"Focolai di tensione" "hotbeds of
tension" 1 ,1
"forziere" "treasure chest" 1 ,1
"Francia sotto assedio" "France
under siege" 1 ,1
"fustigatori" "scourgers" 1 ,1
"Gli stregoni dell'Euro" "Wizards of
the Euro" 1 ,1
"golpe" "putsch" 1 ,1
"Greci senza Angela custode"
"Greeks without guardian Angel(a)" 1 ,1
"guarire" "get over" 1 ,1
"guerra" "war" 1 ,1
"guinzaglio" "leash" 1 ,1
"incendio" "fire" 1 ,1
"incubi di Madrid" "Madrid's
nightmares" 1 ,1
"infarto" "heart attack" 1 ,1
"inferno" "hell" 1 ,1
"L'Europa a marcia indietro"
"Europe in reverse" 1 ,1
"la febbre greca sta contagiando"
"Greek fever is infecting" 1 ,1
"la frittata" "omelette (mess)" 1 ,1
"La lunga catena degli errori" "the
long chain of errors" 1 ,1
"la nave affonda" "the ship sinks" 1 ,1
"lacrime e sangue" "blood and
tears" 1 ,1
"lavata di testa" "berate" 1 ,1
"Le fiamme sono lasciate correre"
"the flames are left running" 1 ,1
"lotta contro i mercati" "fight against
the markets" 1 ,1
"mal di pancia" "stomacache" 1 ,1
"malattia" "disease" 1 ,1
"mazzata" "blow" 1 ,1
"medicina" "medicine" 1 ,1
"mercato ballerino" "unstable
market" 1 ,1
"mettere in ginocchio" "bring sb in
their knees" 1 ,1
"miccia" "fuse" 1 ,1
"mina" "mine" 1 ,1
"missione impossibile" "mission
impossible" 1 ,1
"mostro" "monster" 1 ,1
"muro" "wall" 1 ,1
"Nessuno si aspetta il classico
coniglio estratto dal cilindro"
"Nobody expects the classic bunny
pulled out of hat"
1 ,1
"nubi" "clouds" 1 ,1
"ombrello euro" "euro umbrella" 1 ,1
"ombrello" "umbrella" 2 ,2
"onda lunga della crisi greca" "long
wave of the Greek crisis" 1 ,1
"organetto" "squeeze box" 1 ,1
"paracadute" "parachute" 5 ,5
"parlasisi" "paralysis" 1 ,1
"partita a poker" "poker game" 1 ,1
"pedalare" "pedal" 1 ,1
"preso il toro per le corna" "taking
the bull by the horns" 1 ,1
"pressing" 1 ,1
"promosso" "passed" 1 ,1
"pronto soccorso" "emergency
room" 1 ,1
"pugno" "punch" 1 ,1
"rally" 1 ,1
"reazione a catena" "chain reaction" 1 ,1
"requiem" 1 ,1
"rete di soccorso" "rescue network" 1 ,1
"scettico" "skeptical" 1 ,1
"Scivolone della Merkel" "Merkel's
slip" 1 ,1
"scossa" "shock" 1 ,1
"scossa" "tremor" 2 ,2
"scudo di vetro" "glass shield" 1 ,1
"scudo" "shield" 8 ,8
"soffrire" "suffer" 1 ,1
"sotto il vulcano della crisi globale"
"Under the volcano of Global crisis" 1 ,1
"sotto pressione" "under pressure" 1 ,1
"sotto tiro" "under fire" 1 ,1
"Spagna nella bufera" "Spain in the
storm" 1 ,1
"spauracchio" "scarecrow" 1 ,1
"stangata" "blow" 1 ,1
"storm" "bufera" 1 ,1
"sull'orlo del baratro" "on the ragged
edge" 1 ,1
"tempesta perfetta" "perfect storm" 1 ,1
"tempesta sulle borse" "storm on
stock markets" 1 ,1
"tempesta" "storm" 18 1,9
"tension" "tension" 1 ,1
"Titanic" 1 ,1
"tossici bond" "toxic bonds" 1 ,1
"tragedia greca" "greek tragedy" 1 ,1
"tregua" "truce" 1 ,1
"trincea dell'euro" "Euro trench" 1 ,1
"trincea" "trench" 2 ,2
"tsnunami" 1 ,1
"tunnel" 1 ,1
"turbolenze" "turbulences" 4 ,4
"ultima chance" "last chance" 1 ,1
"una bella minestra fatta dei debiti
altrui" "a good soup made of other's
debts"
1 ,1
"valanga" "avalanche" 2 ,2
"vasi di coccio" "earthenware jar" 1 ,1
"vedere la luce" "to see the light" 1 ,1
"vittima" "victim" 1 ,1
Totale 947 100,0