The EU : three pillars

Before the EU

• Foundation:• Schuman 9/5/50 ECSC 1951-1952-1993• EDC 1950-1954• EEC 1957-1958-1993• 1958-1972 :HOPE: benign, Hallstein, CAP,

1965,1968 Customs Union, British Veto 1963/1967,The Hague

• 1972-1984:STAGNATION:1973 Yom Kippur, 1979

• 1984-1991: Renewed dynamism, SEA• 1991- Maastricht

1990’s

• Maastricht

• Enlargement

• Euro

• Reform……

Structure of EU

• Origins – always political• TEU – Maastricht (1991) 1992 1993• Amsterdam 1997-1999• Nice 2000 2003• IGCs• Constitution or reform or…..• May 2005 French ‘No’ June Dutch No• ‘On’ not ‘Of’• Pillars : 3 or 3½ or 4?

EU

• Different systems

• EEC

– Economic - Customs Union,SEA,CAP,CCP,Competition,

Development,EMU,Fisheries, Regional Policy,Energy,Environment ,Transport

• Acquis communautaire

• Role of Commission, Council,EP & ECJ

Laws

• EU• ‘A regulation shall have general application. It shall be

binding in its entirety and directly applicable in all Member States.’

• ‘ A directive shall be binding, as to the result to be achieved, upon each Member State to which it is addressed, but shall leave to the national authorities the choice of form and methods.’

• ‘ A decision shall be binding in its entirety upon those to whom it is addressed.’

• ‘ Recommendations and opinions shall have no binding force.’

CFSP

• Commission,EP and ECJ cf Council

• //

• NOT LEGAL

• INTERGOVERNMENTAL

• PRESIDENCY

• COMMITMENT• NO ART. V

• OBJECTIVES

• STRATEGIES/JOINT ACTIONS/COMMON POSITIONS

• OPERATIONAL MILITARY CAPABILITY?

• ESDP

• Helsinki

• Petersberg Tasks

• WHY PROBLEMATICAL?

• SENSITIVE

• UNPREDICTABILITY

• DIVERGENCIES• HISTORY• GEOGRAPHY• ECONOMIC• VISIONS• HETEROGENEITY

JHA