the enlightenment (the age of reason) were some of the major themes that the enlightenment stood...
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What was the Enlightenment and how did i t change the European idea of
government?
The Enlightenment (The Age of Reason)
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What was the Enlightenment?
� What does “enlightenment” mean?
÷ Higher understanding of a particular idea
� The Enlightenment was an intellectual movement in Europe during the mid-to-late 1700’s
÷ Changing ideas of government and society
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How did the Enlightenment start?
� The Enlightenment grew out of the turmoil of Europe following the rise of the absolute monarchs
� People were questioning long-held truths
÷ “divine right” ÷ Religion ÷ Science ÷ Personal freedoms
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What were some of the major themes that the Enlightenment stood for?
� The Enlightenment thinkers stood for a number of ideals: 1. Reason = logical thinking 2. Progress = faith in science 3. Liberty = individual freedoms 4. Goodness = Man by nature is
good 5. Individuality = One person can
make a difference
� Main gathering place = Paris, France
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Who were some of the major figures of the Enlightenment?
Thomas Hobbs ¡ Book = Leviathan (1651)
÷ People by nature are selfish & wicked • Needs a strong ruler
to keep order
÷ “social contract” • People give up some
rights for order
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Who were some of the major figures of the Enlightenment?
John Locke ¡ Book = Two Treatises of
Government (1690)
÷ People learn best through experience / improvement
÷ People are born with certain rights • “natural rights”
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Was Thomas Jefferson a plagiarist?
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Jefferson went through several drafts with the help of Franklin & Adams before finally putting together the finished document.
Drew inspiration for Enlightenment thinkers of the day, such as John Locke.
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The Declaration is one of many documents on display at the National Archives as part of the “Charters of Freedom” exhibit
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Plagiarism is bad…especially in Philly
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Mr. H’s Favorite Scene from National Treasure
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Who were some of the major figures of the Enlightenment?
Voltaire (nor-de plum) ¡ Francois Arouet
÷ The “Jon Stewart” of this day (satire)
¡ A champion for tolerance of others ÷ Freedom / tolerance of all
religions
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Who were some of the major figures of the Enlightenment?
Jean Jacques Rousseau ¡ Book = The Social Contract (1762)
¡ A champion for individual freedoms
• Everyone has a equal stake in government matters
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Who were some of the major figures of the Enlightenment?
Cesare Beccaria ¡ Book = On Crime &
Punishment (1764)
¡ Criticized justice system in Europe & abusive punishment
¢ Trial by jury ¢ Anti-torture ¢ Anti-capital punishment
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Who were some of the major figures of the Enlightenment?
Mary Wollstonecraft ¡ Essay = A Vindication of
the Rights of Women (1792)
¡ One of the world’s first “feminists”
• Pro-education • Women have a right to
be involved in politics