the enlightenment in europe. section 2 enlightenment in europe main idea: a revolution in...
TRANSCRIPT
The Enlightenment in Europe
Section 2Enlightenment in Europe
Main Idea: A revolution in intellectual activity changed
Europeans’ view of government and societyWhy it matters now: The various freedoms enjoyed in many
countries today are a result of Enlightenment thinking.
The EnlightenmentPhilosophers applied reason to all
aspects of societyAlso known as the Age of Reason
Scientific revolution spurs re- examination of society during the 1600s and
1700sThomas Hobbes- Social ContractPeople are selfish and ambitiousShould submit to an authoritarian ruler
to prevent disorder
John Locke- Natural RightsGovernment exists to protect
inalienable rightsIf the government doesn’t protect
them the people can change government
French philosophes are social critics in mid-1700sValue reason, nature, happiness, progress, liberty
VoltaireAKA Francois Marie Arouet
Used satire to fight for tolerance, reason, freedom of religious beliefs and speech
Baron de Montesquieu Favors separation of powers between 3 branches
Jean Jaques RousseauLegitimate government come from the consent of
the governed
Believed in direct democracy
Cesare BeccariaWants to reform the justice systemCalls for speedy trials and criminal rights
Women and the EnlightenmentMany thinkers take traditional view of
women’s role
Mary Wollstonecraft argues for women’s rights
Women need education to be virtuous
Women should enter male professions
Some wealthy women use status to spread Enlightenment values
Disagreed with Rousseau
Legacy of the EnlightenmentPhilosophes not activists, but
inspire revolutionsScientific breakthroughs show human capacity to improve societyIncreased secular outlook
New knowledge leads people to question religious beliefs
Importance of individualEmphasis on individual rights
and accomplishments
Over a few decades Enlightenment writers challenged long-held ideas
Divine right of monarchsThe Union of the church and stateUnequal Social Class
Enlightenment thinkers promoted long- term beliefs shaped Western Civilization
Reason took the center stage for the Enlightenment
The End
Quiz A
Quiz B
Quiz A
1 - What term best describes John Locke’s belief that a government’s power comes from the people and is formed to protect human being’s right to life, liberty and property?
2 - Which French Enlightenment writer believed governmental power should be divided among three branches in order to keep any individual or group from gaining total control of the government?
3 - One of the most persuasive women writers during the Enlightenment was Mary Wollstonecraft who disagreed with Rousseau that a woman’s what should not be secondary to a man’s?
4 - Over a span of a few decades, which type of writers challenged long-held ideas about the divine right of monarchs, the union of church and state, and unequal social class?
5 - Which revolutionary scientist described a single theory of motion and that every object in the universe attracts every other subject and the degree of attraction depends on the mass of an object?
6 - What term describes the belief by Aristotle, the Christian church, and most scholars during the middle ages, that the earth was the center of the universe?
7 - The age of European exploration and the Printing Press helped spread challenging ideas that fueled a great deal of scientific research in what two fields?