The English Reformation

1. Henry VIII asks the pope for an

annulment (1527)the pope says no Henry wanted a son so he wanted to end his

marriage to Catherine so he could marry Anne

Boleyn

2. Henry gets the Act of Supremacy passed (1534)

In order to get his way he took over the English Church. Parliament passed laws that gave control of the Church to Henry. Henry was, “the only supreme Head on Earth of the Church of England.”

(a.k.a. the Anglican Church)

*England was no longer a Catholic nation under Henry, it was now Anglican

*Henry also wanted the extensive Church properties in England for himself (more power)

3. Henry shut down all convents and

monasteries and seized Church lands.

Henry then offered aristocrats former

Church lands. This brought money to the royal exchequer he

sold much of the Catholic Church’s lands to

nobles and the middle class this made the

nobles and middle class very loyal to Henry

because now they stood to lose a lot if England

returned to the Catholic Church.

4. Mary Tudor becomes queen. She

tries very hard to make England Catholic Mary was a devout Catholic and wanted to

restore Catholicism to England

She was not successful

Many Protestants died while she tried

5. Elizabeth is locked in the Tower of

London Mary was fearful of her popular Protestant ½

sister so she locked her away for about a year.

This increased Elizabeth’s popularity even more

6. 1558-Mary died and Elizabeth became

queen. She exercised religious toleration, but

still established England as a Protestant

nation. She enforced reforms she felt both moderate Catholics and

Protestants could accept

Kept England religiously stable during her reign

Maintained the monarch as the head of the Church

Replaced Latin with English in Church services

She was a strong ruler and would attack anyone who

defied her

The people loved Elizabeth

The Catholic Reformation

A succession of capable and energetic

popes provided strong leadership for

Church reform.

1. Pope Paul III sets out to try and revive

the moral authority of the Church and

stop the spread of Protestantism To end corruption with the papacy, he appointed

reformers to key posts

2. 1545- Council of Trent Created to establish the direction that reform should take

Re-affirmed traditional Catholic views

Salvation comes through faith and good works

The Bible is not the only source of religious truth

Papal supremacy

No simony or falsely selling indulgences

Had stiff penalties for worldliness and corruption among the

clergy

Created schools to better educate the priests who could

challenge Protestant teachings

3. The Inquisition is strengthened in order

to deal with the Protestant threat more

directly Set up to root out heresies

Used secret testimony, torture, and execution to

stamp out heresy

Made a list of forbidden books (Luther and

Calvin’s were included)

Helped stop the spread of Protestantism

4. 1540- the Pope recognized a new

religious order called the Society of

Jesus, or the Jesuits. Created to combat heresy and spread the

Catholic Faith

Followed spiritual and moral discipline and

absolute obedience to the Church

Founded great schools, converted many to

Catholicism and helped stop the spread of

Protestantism

5. Rome became more pious. Across

Europe, charity, piety, and religious art

flourished. The Protestant tide was

stopped, and some areas returned to the

Catholic Church Even so, Europe

remained divided into a Catholic south

and a Protestant north.