the energy revolution, cities & washing lines · the energy revolution, cities & washing...
TRANSCRIPT
The energy revolution, cities & washing lines:cities & washing lines:Cities and the International Energy Agency
Nigel Jollands, PhDInternational Energy Agency
ToTowards Low Carbon Cities: Understanding and Analysing and Energy and CarbonF b 17 18 2009
© OECD/IEA - 2008In support of theG8 Plan of Action
February 17 – 18, 2009 Nagoya Japan
Key MessagesKey Messages
1. Energy revolution begins with cities (& 1. Energy revolution begins with cities (&
their washing lines)
2. Cities important to energy revolution
WEO 2008 results on citiesWEO 2008 results on cities
3. Energy efficiency is key
4. Key actions needed
5 Th IEA i h t h l !© OECD/IEA - 2008
5. The IEA is here to help!© OECD/IEA - 2008
Energy revolution begins with cities (& washing lines)cities (& washing lines)
© OECD/IEA - 2008
International Energy Agency Members
Australia (1979) Austria Belgium
Canada Czech Republic(2001) Denmark (2001)
Finland (1992) France (1992) Germany
Greece (1977) Hungary (1997) IrelandGreece (1977) Hungary (1997) Ireland
Italy (1978) Japan Korea (2002)
L embo rg The Netherlands New Zealand (1977)Luxembourg The Netherlands
Norway participates in the Agency under a special Agreement
Portugal (1981)
New Zealand (1977)
Sl k R bli
Poland (2008)
Spain
Switzerland Turkey (1981) United Kingdom
SwedenSlovak Republic (2007)
© OECD/IEA
United States
Why the IEA and cities
May 2007 the IEA’s Energy y gyMinisters released a Communique that called on the IEA
“to promote … energy efficiency goals and action plans at all levels of government”
In support of theG8 Plan of Action © OECD/IEA - 2008
Cities are important: City Authorities important roleCity Authorities important role
City Authorities:ysignificant energy users in own right
Sydney AUD 53m/year (2006)
influences significant energy-using areas (directly & indirectly)
Washing lines to urban form & transport g pinfrastructure
Important implementing/enforcement agentsagentsimportant role in energy leadershipoften have concerns about local energy
In support of theG8 Plan of Action © OECD/IEA - 2008
gysecurity/supply
Energy efficiency & cities: four themesfour themes
Modellingurban
energy use
Mulit-level governance
Policy recommendations
Urban form &
Bestti &
energypractice
© OECD/IEA - 2008
“Current energy trends are patently unsustainable “Current energy trends are patently unsustainable ——Cu e t e e gy t e ds a e pate t y u susta ab eCu e t e e gy t e ds a e pate t y u susta ab esocially, environmentally, economically”socially, environmentally, economically”
© OECD/IEA - 2008© OECD/IEA - 2008
Cities are important:The world is becoming more urbanisedThe world is becoming more urbanised
“… by 2030, cities will house 60% of the world’s population
© OECD/IEA - 2008
y , p p— equivalent to the total global population in 1986” (IEA, 2008)
Cities are important: Cities are large energy usersCities are important: Cities are large energy usersCities are large energy usersCities are large energy users
2006 2006
City as a % of global 2015
City as a % of global 2030
City as a % of global 2006‐2030*
Total Primary Energy Demand 7 908 67% 9 785 69% 12 374 73% 1 9%Demand 7 908 67% 9 785 69% 12 374 73% 1.9%
Coal 2 330 76% 3 145 78% 3 964 81% 2.2%
Oil 2 519 63% 2 873 63% 3 394 66% 1.2%
Gas 1 984 82% 2 418 83% 3 176 87% 2.0%
Nuclear 551 76% 630 77% 726 81% 1 2%Nuclear 551 76% 630 77% 726 81% 1.2%
Hydro 195 75% 245 76% 330 79% 2.2%
Biomass & Waste 280 24% 358 26% 520 31% 2.6%
Other Renewables 48 72% 115 73% 264 75% 7.4%
Electricity 1 019 76% 1 367 77% 1 912 79% 2.7%Electricity 1 019 76% 1 367 77% 1 912 79% 2.7%
In 2006, cities used around 2/3 of global primary energyBy 2030 cities use more than 73% of energy
© OECD/IEA - 2008
By 2030, cities use more than 73% of energy
Cities are important: Cities energy use is growing
Cities are important: Cities energy use is growingCities energy use is growingCities energy use is growing
18 000
oe
50
Gt non‐OECD
12 000
15 000
Mto
40
G
OECD
CO2 (right axis)
6 000
9 000
20
30
0
3 000
0
10
0
Cities World Cities World Cities World
2006 2015 2030
0
© OECD/IEA - 2008
81% of projected growth in city energy use from non-OECD countries
Our analysis led to policy recommendationsrecommendations
General actionsOptimise own facilities; implement local priorities that mitigate CO2p ; p p g 2
Specific actionsCCHP; buildings; passenger transport; land-use planningplanningCoordinated action
Pool resources & know how
National levelNational levelFundingGuidance to local governments (guidebooks; data collection)
UN Climate processUN Climate processLocal reps on national delegations to UNFCCCThematic workshops Include local/regional activities in national communicationsParticipate in Kyoto mechanisms
© OECD/IEA - 2008
Participate in Kyoto mechanismsSD-PAMS
Best practice
City Project Implementation time
Energy saving[1]
GHG reduction[2]
ROI
Berlin EPC for Schools Not available 20% 20% 117%
Christchurch Swimming Complex Heating
Not available 100% 100% 100%g
Dunedin Pool Heat Recovery 20 months 39% 31% 54%
Gwalior Streetlighting Efficiency
Not available 25% 25% 65%Efficiency
Riga Efficient Lighting Initiative
15 months 48% 48% 11%
Stockholm LED Traffic signals 18 months 90% 90% 134%
Sydney Library Retrofit 12 months 46% 46% 89%
In support of theG8 Plan of Action © OECD/IEA - 2008
Source: OECD/IEA, 2008. Promoting Energy Efficiency Best Practice in Cities
A pilot study. Working Paper, IEA. Paris.
Multi-level governance for energy efficiencyefficiency
Aim: To enhance local government-national government partnerships to achieve improved energy efficiency.
Output:Documentation of innovative initiatives to enhance national-local government partnerships in energy efficiency.
In support of theG8 Plan of Action © OECD/IEA - 2008
© OECD/IEA - 2008
Related IEA programmes
CHP/District Heating & Coolingg gEfficient, low-carbon urban energy supply Cities have been leaders in financing, procurement and visionIEA capturing best practices, benchmarking performance
Renewable energy in cities
© OECD/IEA - 2008
Key MessagesKey Messages
1. Cities important to energy revolution1. Cities important to energy revolution
WEO 2008 results on cities
2. Energy efficiency is key
3 Big potential big obstacles3. Big potential – big obstacles
4. Key actions needed
5. Let’s not forget the washing lines
© OECD/IEA - 2008© OECD/IEA - 2008
Acknowledgements & more information & more information
Based on work by Cities Energy Modelling International Expert Group convened by the IEA for preparing material p p y p p gfor the World Energy Outlook 2008
Nigel Jollands, Paul Dowling (IEA), Gotelind Alber (Sustainable Energy and Climate Policy), Claudio Baffioni (Comune di Roma), Shobhakar Dhakal (National Institute for Environmental Studies), Steve Hammer ( ),(Columbia University), Stephen Kenihan (ICLEI), Lilly Parshall (Columbia University), Matthias Ruth (University of Maryland), Niels Schulz (Imperial College, London and IIASA), Wayne Wescott (ICLEI), and Tom Kerr (IEA)
More information:www.worldenergyoutlook.org/www iea [email protected]
In support of theG8 Plan of Action © OECD/IEA - 2008