the endocrine system & hormone physiology
DESCRIPTION
The Endocrine System & Hormone Physiology. SBI4U Biology. The Endocrine System. A system of glands connected only by blood vessels; a very dispersed system. Endo = secreting within the body. Each gland has specific target organs. Hormones. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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The Endocrine System The Endocrine System & Hormone Physiology& Hormone PhysiologySBI4U Biology
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The Endocrine SystemThe Endocrine System
A system of glands connected only by blood vessels; a very dispersed system.
Endo = secreting within the body. Each gland has specific target organs.
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HormonesHormones
Chemical messengers; released by a gland to create response in another organ
Two basic types: Peptide = protein-based Steroid = cholesterol-based
Each type has a slightly different mode of acting on their target cells.
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InsulinInsulin
ADHADH
TestosteroneTestosterone
AldosteroneAldosterone
CholesterolCholesterol
EstrogenEstrogen
Somatotropin Somatotropin Growth Growth HormoneHormone
SteroidsSteroids
PeptidesPeptides
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Steroid Hormone ActionSteroid Hormone Action
Mobile Receptor System Steps:
Hormone diffuses from cell into blood Diffuses into the cells of target tissue Attaches to receptor molecule in cytoplasm Hormone/Receptor (HR) Complex enters
nucleus of target cell HR Complex activates transcription of a
particular gene to induce hormone effect
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Peptide Hormone ActionPeptide Hormone Action
Second Messenger System Steps:
Hormone diffuses from cell into blood Attaches to a receptor on the exterior cell
membrane of target cells HR Complex triggers production of cAMP
(Cyclic AMP) cAMP triggers a specific enzyme cascade
to induce hormone effect
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Hormone HierarchyHormone Hierarchy
Hierarchy = a system of rank, importance Integration of Nervous & Endocrine systems Levels of Control, from top down, are:
Hypothalamic Releasing Hormones Anterior Pituitary Tropic Hormones Posterior Pituitary – ADH, Oxytocin. Remaining endocrine glands Target tissues (effectors of responses)
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Hypo-thalamus
ACRH TRH GnRH PRH SRH PPRH
ADH OxytocinFSH LHACTH TSH Prolactin GH Somatotropin
AdrenalCortex
ThyroidTestesOvaries
TestesOvaries
MammaryGlands
Liver, Bone
MuscleNephrons
Blood VesselsMamm. Glands
Uterus
Adreno-Corticoids
ThyroxineTriiodiothyronine
TestosteroneEstrogen
EstrogenProgesterone
Increased metabolism, heart rate,
heat
Gametogenesis
Sexual maturity
Reproduction
Ovulation
Lactation Mitosis, protein
synthesis, metabolism
Fluid balance
Vaso-constriction
Lactation
Uterine contraction
Mineral balance,
Gluconeo-genesis