THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

• Controls many body functions– exerts control by releasing

special chemical substances into the blood called hormones

– Hormones affect other endocrine glands or body systems

• Ductless glands• Secrete hormones directly

into bloodstream– Hormones are quickly

distributed by bloodstream throughout the body

THE ENDOCRINE GLANDS

Hormones

• Chemicals produced by endocrine glands.• Act on target organs elsewhere in body.• Control/coordinate widespread processes:• Homeostasis.• Reproduction.• Growth & Development.• Metabolism.• Response to stress.

• Overlaps with the Sympathetic Nervous System

The Endocrine System Consists of several glands located in various parts of the

body Specific Glands

Hypothalamus Pituitary Thyroid Parathyroid Adrenal Kidneys Pancreatic Islets Ovaries Testes

Produces several releasing and inhibiting factors that stimulate or inhibit anterior pituitary’s secretion of hormones.

Produces hormones that are stored in and released from posterior pituitary.

Hypothalamus

Glands Pituitary

They control other endocrine glands and regulates growth and blood pressure and water balance .

• This gland control the release of energy from food molecules inside cells.

Thyroid Gland

Parathyroid Glands

These tiny glands regulate the amount of calcium in the blood.

Thymus Gland

Hormones from this glad help the immune system develop during childhood.

Adrenal Glands

• These glands release several hormones. Adrenaline triggers the body’s response to emergency situations. Other hormones affect salt and water balance in the kidneys and sugar in the blood.

Ovaries Located in the abdominal cavity adjacent to the

uterus. Under the control of LH and FSH from the anterior

pituitary gland. Produce eggs for reproduction. Produce hormones

estrogen progesterone Functions include sexual development and preparation of

the uterus for implantation of the egg.

Ovaries Estrogen

Development of female secondary sexual characteristics. Development of endometrium.

Progesterone Promotes conditions required for pregnancy. Stabilization of endometrium.

Testes Located in the scrotum. Controlled by anterior pituitary hormones FSH and

LH. Produce sperm for reproduction. Produce testosterone -

promotes male growth and masculinization. promotes development and maintenance of male sexual

characteristics.

Pancreas

• Exocrine function• Secretion of:

amylaselipase

Exocrine Glands

Its involved in the digestive system.

Exocrine Glands vs. Endocrine Glands

Exocrine gland Endocrine glands

Secreted substances

Made of secretion

Route of secretion

enzyme hormone

With ducts

Target organ directly

ductless

>=blood=>target

• Exocrine glands are glands that secrete their products (enzymes) into ducts (duct glands) which lead directly into the external environment(target organ). They are the counterparts to endocrine glands. Endocrine glands which secrete their products (hormones) directly into the bloodstream (ductless glands).

Exocrine Glands vs. Endocrine Glands

THE E

ND

BY: HUSSAIN ASHOOR ANDMAHDI HARAKE