Download - The endocrine system
THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
• Controls many body functions– exerts control by releasing
special chemical substances into the blood called hormones
– Hormones affect other endocrine glands or body systems
• Ductless glands• Secrete hormones directly
into bloodstream– Hormones are quickly
distributed by bloodstream throughout the body
THE ENDOCRINE GLANDS
Hormones
• Chemicals produced by endocrine glands.• Act on target organs elsewhere in body.• Control/coordinate widespread processes:• Homeostasis.• Reproduction.• Growth & Development.• Metabolism.• Response to stress.
• Overlaps with the Sympathetic Nervous System
The Endocrine System Consists of several glands located in various parts of the
body Specific Glands
Hypothalamus Pituitary Thyroid Parathyroid Adrenal Kidneys Pancreatic Islets Ovaries Testes
Produces several releasing and inhibiting factors that stimulate or inhibit anterior pituitary’s secretion of hormones.
Produces hormones that are stored in and released from posterior pituitary.
Hypothalamus
Glands Pituitary
They control other endocrine glands and regulates growth and blood pressure and water balance .
• This gland control the release of energy from food molecules inside cells.
Thyroid Gland
Parathyroid Glands
These tiny glands regulate the amount of calcium in the blood.
Thymus Gland
Hormones from this glad help the immune system develop during childhood.
Adrenal Glands
• These glands release several hormones. Adrenaline triggers the body’s response to emergency situations. Other hormones affect salt and water balance in the kidneys and sugar in the blood.
Ovaries Located in the abdominal cavity adjacent to the
uterus. Under the control of LH and FSH from the anterior
pituitary gland. Produce eggs for reproduction. Produce hormones
estrogen progesterone Functions include sexual development and preparation of
the uterus for implantation of the egg.
Ovaries Estrogen
Development of female secondary sexual characteristics. Development of endometrium.
Progesterone Promotes conditions required for pregnancy. Stabilization of endometrium.
Testes Located in the scrotum. Controlled by anterior pituitary hormones FSH and
LH. Produce sperm for reproduction. Produce testosterone -
promotes male growth and masculinization. promotes development and maintenance of male sexual
characteristics.
Pancreas
• Exocrine function• Secretion of:
amylaselipase
Exocrine Glands
Its involved in the digestive system.
Exocrine Glands vs. Endocrine Glands
Exocrine gland Endocrine glands
Secreted substances
Made of secretion
Route of secretion
enzyme hormone
With ducts
Target organ directly
ductless
>=blood=>target
• Exocrine glands are glands that secrete their products (enzymes) into ducts (duct glands) which lead directly into the external environment(target organ). They are the counterparts to endocrine glands. Endocrine glands which secrete their products (hormones) directly into the bloodstream (ductless glands).
Exocrine Glands vs. Endocrine Glands
THE E
ND
BY: HUSSAIN ASHOOR ANDMAHDI HARAKE