THE END OF THE THE END OF THE VIETNAM WARVIETNAM WAR

CHAPTER 30, SECTION 5CHAPTER 30, SECTION 5

VOCABULARYVOCABULARY

VIETNAMIZATIONVIETNAMIZATION SILENT MAJORITYSILENT MAJORITY PENTAGON PAPERSPENTAGON PAPERS HENRY KISSINGERHENRY KISSINGER KHMER ROUGEKHMER ROUGE WAR POWERS ACTWAR POWERS ACT

IMPORTANT DATESIMPORTANT DATES

MARCH, 1968MARCH, 1968: THE MY LAI MASSACRE: THE MY LAI MASSACRE 19691969: VIETNAMIZATION BEGINS: VIETNAMIZATION BEGINS April, 1970April, 1970: U.S. INVADES CAMBODIA: U.S. INVADES CAMBODIA 19711971: THE PENTAGON PAPERS RELEASED: THE PENTAGON PAPERS RELEASED DEC., 1972DEC., 1972: THE CHRISTMAS BOMBINGS: THE CHRISTMAS BOMBINGS MARCH, 1973MARCH, 1973: U.S. COMBAT TROOPS : U.S. COMBAT TROOPS

LEAVE VIETNAMLEAVE VIETNAM NOV., 1973NOV., 1973: WAR POWERS ACT PASSES: WAR POWERS ACT PASSES 19751975: FALL OF SAIGON & SOUTH VIETNAM: FALL OF SAIGON & SOUTH VIETNAM

DE-ESCALATION DE-ESCALATION NOV., 1968: NIXON WINS ELECTIONNOV., 1968: NIXON WINS ELECTION

HAD PROMISED TO GAIN HAD PROMISED TO GAIN ““PEACE WITH HONORPEACE WITH HONOR”” FOR THE FOR THE U.S. = VIETNAMIZATIONU.S. = VIETNAMIZATION

1969: VIETNAMIZATION BEINGS1969: VIETNAMIZATION BEINGS U.S. CREDIBILITY DAMAGED BY NEWS OF U.S. CREDIBILITY DAMAGED BY NEWS OF MY LAIMY LAI

MASSACREMASSACRE (MARCH, 1968) (MARCH, 1968) 1970: ANTI-WAR PROTESTS REACH ALL-TIME HIGH1970: ANTI-WAR PROTESTS REACH ALL-TIME HIGH April, 1970: U.S. INVADES CAMBODIA: WHY?April, 1970: U.S. INVADES CAMBODIA: WHY?

NVA / VC USED CAMBODIA AS SANCTUARYNVA / VC USED CAMBODIA AS SANCTUARY HO CHI MINH TRAIL USED PART OF CAMBODIAHO CHI MINH TRAIL USED PART OF CAMBODIA PROTESTS BECOME MORE VIOLENTPROTESTS BECOME MORE VIOLENT

Kent StateKent State May, 1970 KENT STATE RIOT

Students protesting war burn down ROTC Students protesting war burn down ROTC building on Campusbuilding on Campus

National Guard is called inNational Guard is called in -Protestors start to throw rocks on at the National -Protestors start to throw rocks on at the National

GuardsmenGuardsmen -Soldiers open fire on protestors -Soldiers open fire on protestors 9 wounded9 wounded 4 killed4 killed Damages Nixon’s ImageDamages Nixon’s Image

Ohio National Guard Approaches Ohio National Guard Approaches students at Kent Statestudents at Kent State

““Peace With Honor”Peace With Honor”

Meant to maintain US dignity in face of Meant to maintain US dignity in face of withdrawal. withdrawal. Nixon did not want US to look bad on the world Nixon did not want US to look bad on the world

stage.stage. Even as US troops pulled out, Nixon increased Even as US troops pulled out, Nixon increased

bombing on N. Vietnam and Laos and Cambodiabombing on N. Vietnam and Laos and Cambodia ““I call it the madmen theory…I want the North I call it the madmen theory…I want the North

Vietnamese to believe I’ve reached the point Vietnamese to believe I’ve reached the point where I might do where I might do anythinganything to stop the war… -to stop the war… -Richard NixonRichard Nixon

THE END OF THE WARTHE END OF THE WAR JUNE, 1971: JUNE, 1971: PENTAGON PAPERSPENTAGON PAPERS RELEASED RELEASED

DEFINE: GOV’T. DOCUMENTS PROVING THAT LBJ ADMIN. HAD DEFINE: GOV’T. DOCUMENTS PROVING THAT LBJ ADMIN. HAD PLANNED TO SEND COMBAT TROOPS TO VIETNAM BEFORE 1964PLANNED TO SEND COMBAT TROOPS TO VIETNAM BEFORE 1964

DOCUMENTS RELEASED BY DOCUMENTS RELEASED BY DANIEL ELLSBERGDANIEL ELLSBERG DOCUMENTS CONVINCE MANY THAT GOV’T CAN’T BE TRUSTEDDOCUMENTS CONVINCE MANY THAT GOV’T CAN’T BE TRUSTED

U.S. CONITNUES PEACE NEGOTIATIONS:U.S. CONITNUES PEACE NEGOTIATIONS: HENRY KISSINGERHENRY KISSINGER, NIXON’S NATIONAL SECURITY ADVISOR, , NIXON’S NATIONAL SECURITY ADVISOR,

HANDLES NEGOTIATIONSHANDLES NEGOTIATIONS JAN., 1973: PEACE NEGOTIATIONS SIGNEDJAN., 1973: PEACE NEGOTIATIONS SIGNED MARCH, 1973: LAST U.S. COMBAT TROOPS LEAVE VIETNAMMARCH, 1973: LAST U.S. COMBAT TROOPS LEAVE VIETNAM S.VIETNAM / ARVN NOW HANDLE THE WARS.VIETNAM / ARVN NOW HANDLE THE WAR

MARCH, 1975: MARCH, 1975: NVA CAPTURE SAIGONNVA CAPTURE SAIGON S.VIETNAM FALLSS.VIETNAM FALLS COMMUNISTS UNIFY VIETNAM / WIN WARCOMMUNISTS UNIFY VIETNAM / WIN WAR

FINAL RESULTS FOR U.S.:FINAL RESULTS FOR U.S.: KIA: 58,000KIA: 58,000 WIA: 360,000WIA: 360,000

Pres. NixonPres. Nixon

& Kissinger& Kissinger

1973 U.S. Troops1973 U.S. Troops

Arrive in AmericaArrive in America

U.S. Troops after U.S. Troops after

hearing news of thehearing news of the

U.S. withdrawalU.S. withdrawal

OTHER EFFECTSOTHER EFFECTS CAMBODIA:CAMBODIA:

SIEZED BY EXTREMIST COMMUNISTS CALLED SIEZED BY EXTREMIST COMMUNISTS CALLED THE THE KHMER ROUGEKHMER ROUGE

LED BY LED BY POL POTPOL POT KHMER ROUGE WANT TO MAKE CAMBODIA KHMER ROUGE WANT TO MAKE CAMBODIA

TOTAL AGRICULTURAL SOCIETYTOTAL AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY WESTERNERS EXILED / CAMBODIANS FORCED WESTERNERS EXILED / CAMBODIANS FORCED

INTO LABOR COMMUNESINTO LABOR COMMUNES 1975-79: 1975-79: 3 MILLION CAMBODIANS KILLED3 MILLION CAMBODIANS KILLED

U.S. GOVERNMENT:U.S. GOVERNMENT: 1973: 1973: WAR POWERS ACTWAR POWERS ACT PASSED PASSED DEFINE:DEFINE:

• PRES. MUST INFORM CONGRESS W/IN 48 HRS. OF PRES. MUST INFORM CONGRESS W/IN 48 HRS. OF SENDING COMBAT FORCES INTO HOSTILE AREA SENDING COMBAT FORCES INTO HOSTILE AREA W/OUT DECLARATION OF WARW/OUT DECLARATION OF WAR

• PRES. MAY NOT KEEP COMBAT FORCES IN HOSTILE PRES. MAY NOT KEEP COMBAT FORCES IN HOSTILE AREA MORE THAN 90 DAYS W/OUT CONGRESSIONAL AREA MORE THAN 90 DAYS W/OUT CONGRESSIONAL APPROVALAPPROVAL

VIETNAM WAR MEMORIAL, VIETNAM WAR MEMORIAL, Washington, D.C.Washington, D.C.

VIETNAM MEMORIALVIETNAM MEMORIAL

QuizQuiz

Term for S. Vietnam taking over the Term for S. Vietnam taking over the fighting from the US?fighting from the US?

Who leaked the Pentagon Papers?Who leaked the Pentagon Papers? Who negotiated peace deal with N. Who negotiated peace deal with N.

Vietnam?Vietnam? College in Ohio where US National Guard College in Ohio where US National Guard

shot student protestors.shot student protestors. Leader of the Khmer Rouge.Leader of the Khmer Rouge.