The Election of 1800 Thomas Jefferson (D-R) v. John Adams (F) Results: TJ gets 73, JA gets 65 –BUT

Aaron Burr (running as VP with TJ) ALSO gets 73 votes for President

What next??? The House of Rep. has to decide. They argue – vote many times (32) and finally Jefferson wins

The 1800 election – A “revolution” TJ said that the Election of 1800 was a

revolution because : A political change occurred peacefully and

without upheaval Two opposing factions accepted the

“orderly transfer of power” In his inaugural speech, he stated…”We

are all Republicans, we are all Federalists”

The end of the Federalists With the defeat of Adams, the federalists slowly

faded away Their achievements: 1. They built a strong

foundation for this country (politically and economically)

2. They signed treaties with GB, Spain and France – all of which helped us.

3. They kept the US out of war when we were weak and likely to lose.

President Tommy J He was the first pres. Inaugurated in DC He was much more informal than JA Sit wherever to eat, pass notes to Congress Some new faces: Sect. Of Treas. = Albert

Gallatin, Sect. Of State = James Madison Kind of cheapskate: cut size of military and paid

down national debt Aliens => citizens in 5 years, no more excise tax

Consistently Inconsistent TJ believed very strongly in states rights and less

govt. BUT what he believed and what he did once he got to be president were often inconsistent

TJ soon realized his beliefs weren’t always practical and that following them was not the best course for the country.

He borrowed many Federalist ideas because they worked and he often was filled with doubts about his actions

The Judiciary Act of 1801 Passed by the Federalist Congress at the very end

of Adams term this law provided for many new Federal judges

and other positions – all of which were filled at the last moment by Federalists.

Last minute appointees were called “midnight judges”

Jefferson was furious and asked Madison to “delay” giving the new judges their commissions

Marbury v. Madison Wm. Marbury is the new Magistrate for DC – he

can’t start without his commission so he sues Madison

The case goes to the Supreme Ct. Chief Justice John Marshall (fed) dismisses the

case because the appeal was based on the 1789 Act which Marshall says is UNCONSTITUTIONAL

This est. the concept of JUDICAL REVIEW – the SC has the final word in determining the constitutionality of a law.

Fallout from Marbury v. Madison TJ is furious and encourages Congress to

impeach Samuel Chase – a SC justice Impeachment fails – Chase isn’t a criminal,

he just has a big mouth No more impeachments of SC and the

principle of Judicial review stands today John Marshall serves as chief justice for 34

years

Pirates! Bribes? War! Barbary coast (North Africa on Med.Sea) are

harassing US ships and stealing sailors. To stop they want us to pay “protection” $$$

TJ refuses to pay (JA had) and war erupts US and Tripoli sign a peace treaty in 1805 and we

pay $60,000 – to get our kidnapped people back Gunboats – small fast boats were used in this war.

Fairly successful so TJ orders 200 to be built for the US Navy