the eighth and ninth dura hoards / by alfred r. bellinger

8/20/2019 The eighth and ninth Dura hoards / by Alfred R. Bellinger

1/131

NUMISMATIC

NOTES

AND MONOGRAPHS

No.

85

THE

EIGHTH AND NINTH

DURA HOARDS

BY

ALFRED

R. BELLINGER

The

American

Numismatic

Society

Broadway

at 156th

Street

New York

1939

This content downloaded from 83.85.134.3 on Sat, 30 Jan 2016 13:51:42 UTCAll use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions


2/131

PUBLICATIONS

The

American Journal of

Numismatics,

1866-1920.

Monthly,

May,

1866-

April,

1870.

Quarterly,

July,

1870-0ctober,

1912.

Annually,

1913-1920.

With

many

plates,

illustrations,

maps

and

tables.

Less

than

a

half-dozen

complete

sets

of

the

Journal

remain

on

hand.

Price

on

application.

The numbers

necessary

to

complete

broken sets

may in most cases be obtained. An index to

the first

fifty

volumes

has been

issued as

part

of

Volume

LI.

It

may

be

purchased

sepa-

rately

for

3.00.

The American Numismatic

Society.

Catalogue

of

the International

Exhibition

of

Contempo-

rary

Medals. March 1910. New

and re-

vised

edition. New

York. 1911.

xxxvi,

412

pages,

512

illustrations.

3.00.

Numismatic Notes and

Monographs

9. David

Eugene

Smith,

LL.D.

Computing Jetons.

1921. 70

pp.

25 pls. 1.50.

10. Edward T. Newell. The First Seleučid

Coinage

at

Tyre.

1921.

40

pp.

8

pls.

1.00.

12.

Howland Wood.

Gold

Dollars of 1858.

1922.

7

pp.

2

pls.

50c.

13.

R. B. Whitehead. Pre-Mohammedan

Coinage

of N. W. India.

1922.

56

pp.

15

pls.

2.00.

14.

George

F.

Hill. Attambelos

I

of Characene.

1922. 12

pp.

3

pls.

1.00.

15. M.

P.

Vlasto. Taras Oikistes

(A

Contribution to Tarentine

Numismatics).

1922.

234

pp.

13

pls.

3.50.

17.

Agnes

Baldwin. Six

Roman

Bronze Medallions.

1923.

39

pp.

6

pls.

1.50.

18. Howland Wood. Tegucigalpa Coinage of 1823. 1923. 16 pp.

2

pls.

50c.

19.

Edward T. Newell. Alexander

Hoards

-

II. Demanhur

Hoard. 1923. 162

pp.

8

pls.

2.50.

20. Harrold

E.

Gillingham.

Italian

Orders

of

Chivalry

and

Medals

of Honour.

146

pp.

34

pls.

2.00.



3/131

NUMISMATIC

NOTES AND

MONOGRAPHS

Number 85



4/131


5/131

Numismatic otes

and

Monographs

is devoted o

essays

nd

treatises

n

sub-

jects

relating

o

coins,

paper money,

medalsand decorations nd is uniform

with

Hispanic

Notes and

Monographs

publishedby

the

Hispanic

Society

of

America,

nd with Indian Notes and

Monographs

ssued

y

the

Museum f the

Americanndian

Heye

Foundation.

Publication Committee

AgnesBaldwin

Brett,

Chairman

Stephen

H.

P.

Pell

Thomas

. Mabbott

Editorial Staff

Sydney hilip

Noe,

Editor

SawyerMcA.

Mosser,

Associate

ditor



6/131

COPYRIGHT

939 Y

THE

MERICAN

UMISMATICOCIETY

TÄE

NTELLIGENCER

RINTINGO.

LANCASTER,

A.



7/131

Vaticanuseum

Photograph

linari

TYCHE

OF

ANTIOCH



8/131


9/131

THE

EIGHTH

AND

NINTH

DURA HOARDS

BY

ALFRED

R.

BELLINGER

The American

umismaticociety

BROADWAY

T 56THTREF

NEW ORK

1939



10/131


11/131

THE EIGHTH AND NINTH

DURA

HOARDS

ByAlfred R. Bellinger

INTRODUCTION

The findsof bronze coins

which have

been

designated

oards

Eight

nd Ninewere

nearthed

at

Dura

in

1932-33. Since

they

were

not

found

simultaneouslyhey

were

given

eparate

umbers,

but t

is

certain

hat

hey

ctually

elong

ogether.

Bothwere nder he

flQor

f he

ame

oom nd the

composition

fboth s

the

ame.

In the

manuscript

catalogue t Yale their ontentsredistinguished

but here

hey

re

treated

s a

single

ody.

The

labor of

cleaning

hem

was undertaken

y

the

American umismatic

ociety,

y

Mr.

Noe

and

Mr.

Mosser

n

particular

o whose

perseverance

am

extremely

rateful.

After heir

emoval

o

New

Haven ome urtherork

was

done n

them

y

Mr.

Henry

McClintock f Yale

College

nd their

rep-

aration

or

publication

as

been

much

ssisted

y

the taff

f

theArt

School,

specially

Mrs.

Gordon

Haight, ndbyMissDorothy . Coxof theUni-

versityibrary.

The

historicalnd

economic

ignificance

f

this

material as been

analyzed

n

some detail

n the

Dura

Preliminary

eport

VII-VIII

,

pp.

391-421.

The

accompanying ap

and

chartwill

show the

general

istributionf the

pieces

which

s

closely

parallel

o thatofthe

chance inds.

The

collection

1



12/131

2

THE EIGHTH

AND NINTH

was

apparently

egun

bout220 nd

represents

he

coins

n

normal irculation

t thetime f the

city's

fall.

The

surprising

requency

f coins

from he

Pontus, hich asalready een ommentedpon n

the

Reports,

s

explained y

the fact hat

n

their

period the

beginning

f the Third

Century)

one

of the mintswhich

sually uppliedMesopotamia

with

arge

bronzes

was in

operation,

nd the cities

of the

Pontus or he time

being

erved

he

whole

eastern imes

The

pieces

frommints

n

Greece

were

ndoubtedly

mported

y

recruits

f

Caracalla.

Otherwise

he ities

epresented

re

about

what ne

would

xpect.

Certain of the moreprominentypes invite

separate

iscussion.

Tyche

Aboutthe

beginning

f

the

third

entury

.

C.,

Eutychides

f

Sicyon

made

for

he

city

f Antioch

a

statue f

Tyche

of

gilded

ronze.1

The

goddess

wore headdress fwalls nd

towers,

hich hows

that

he was conceived ot s

a

symbol

f abstract

Fortune,

ut

as an

embodimentf the

city

tself.

Her local

significance

as further

mphasized y

herrocky eat,which epresented ountSilpius,

and

by

the

river

od

of the

Orontes,

hown

t her

feet

s a

half

figure

ith

rms

xtended

s

though

*

Pausanias,I,

2.6.

John

alaias

Ed.Dindorf).

276. An

excellent

eneral

ccountf

Tyche

as

ublished

y

F.

Allègre

underhe itle

tudeur a Déesse

recque

ychêParis,889).

Chapter

II,

"Représentations

igurées

e

Tyche"

ontainsost

of hematerial

ere

resented.

f. lso hentroductiono

B. M.

C.

Galatia,

p.

x-briind

he

rticle

Tyche"

n

Roscher's

exicon.



13/131

DURA

HOARDS

3

swimming.

This

was

by

no means the earliest

statue

f

Tyche,

ut

t became

ery

opular

nd

n

Antioch

tselfwas used

as the

city's

evice

n the

coins, eginning ithTigranes fArmenia,3-69

B.C.2

nd

continuing

o the ast utonomous

ronze

under

Valerian,

53-257

A. D.3

Moreover,

hen

Julian

made

his celebrated

ttempt

to revive

paganism,

e had

coins ssued

from he

imperial

mint

t Antioch ith

Apollo

n

the

bversend this

figure

f

Tyche

n the

reverse,4nd,

what

s

much

more

surprising,

he

goddessreappears

n

little

bronzestruck

t Antioch

yJustin

and

Justinian

I,

527

A.

D.6

There s muchvariation f detail:on the best

known

opy

hathas come own o

us theVatican

statuette

the

right

rm is bent

upward;

more

generally

t is

extended;

he

right

andmost ften

holds

ars

of

wheat,

ut

sometimes

palm

branch

and sometimes

cornucopia.

he

general

ttitude,

however,

s

always

he

amewhen hewhole

igure

is

shown ndwe

may

e sure hat he

urretedusts

which

ppear

from

he

time f SeverusAlexander

on are derived

from he

same

statue.6

Their

2B.M.C.Seleucids,I. xvii,, .*B. M.C.Galatia,.232.

4

Cohen

III,

.

43,

No.

.

6

B.M.

C.

Byzantine

,

p.

24,

No. 0

.

6

t snot

o

asy

o

make

simple

ase orhe

urretedusts

f

earlier

ccurrence

uch

s those

t Caesarea

n

Cappadocia

nd

Laodicea-ad-Mare.

heres

no videncehat

utychides

nvented

the urreted

rowns distinctive

f he

ity

yche.

ndeedt s

much

ore

ikely

hat

e

merely

mployed

or is

roup

concep-

tion

lready

amiliar,

nd

herefore,

uch

usts,

hough

aterhan

his

tatue,

ay

ave

n

riginuitendependent

f

t.



14/131

4

THE EIGHTH AND NINTH

identity

s made

plain

by

the

ram over

the

head,

which

ccurs n the

same

position

with

the full

figure

n

coins f

Elagabalus

nd

thereafter. . O.

Müllerconjecturedhat this was a signof the

zodiac,

ommemorating

he time

f

year

when

he

city

was

founded,

nd the

suggestion

as been

commonlydopted.7

Of course

t

is

out of the

question

hat it should have formed

part

of

Eutychides*

roup;

ts true elations shown

n the

bronzes f

Trajan

Decius and his

successors,

here

it surmountshe

tetrastyle

hrine

withinwhich

Tyche

is

seated.

Malaias

reports

hat

Trajan

erected uch shrine

or

he

tatue,

hough

e

says

nothingf the ram bove.

His

description

oes,

however,

ncludematerial

which

ur

opies

o

not.

Tyche,

e

says,

s

crowned

by

the

kings

eleucus nd

Antiochus.

Now

it

is

generallygreed

that the

kings

were no

part

of

Eutychides*riginal esign

utwere

ater

dditions,

though

o date is

assigned

o them.

Allègre,

ol-

lowing

Müller,

akes

t for

granted

hat

the

Anti-

ochus

represented

s

the son of Seleucus

Nicator.8

Malaias' words

mply

hat both monarchs

were

crowning

yche,

whichwould oubtless

e

possible,

thoughomewhatwkwardnd, think,narrange-

ment

without

arallel.

It is

reasonable o follow

7

Cf.

Cumont:rticle

Gad"

n

Pauly-Wissowa-Kroll,

cal-

Encyclopädie.

8

Rostovtzeff

uggests

ntiochushe atherf

eleucus

or

hom

the own as amed

Appian

yr. 7)

n

whichase

he

atter

woulde

he

edicant,

he ormer

he

emi-divine

igure

rowning

Tyche,

he

everse

f

he

rrangement

iscussed

elow.

his

seems

o

me

muchess

ikely.



15/131

DURA HOARDS

5

instead

he

nalogy

ffered

y

those oins f

everus

Alexander hich

how he

Tyche

f

Antioch

eing

crowned

y

the

emperor

hile

nother

yche

f

a

differentind tands o her eft.

We

may

magine,

hen,

group

whosecentral

figure

s the

Tyche

f

Eu

ty

hideswith eleucus o

the

right, rowning

er,

whileAntiochustands

o

the

eft. But what

s the

ignificance

fthese ddi-

tional

igures

nd

by

whomwere

hey

et

up?

An

interpretation

s

afforded

y

a bas-relief

iscovered

at Dura in 1935 and

discussed

y

Rostovtzeff.9

It shows he

Gad

of

Dura

(the

Semite

ounterpart

of

Tyche)

under he form f Zeus

Olympius,

n-

throned. o hisrights Seleucus icator,dentified

by

the

Palmyrenenscription,

rowning

im;

o his

left

tands he

dedicant.

The date is A. D.

158.

It

is

astonishing

o find hefirst eleucus t

so

late

a

time,

nd the

onlypossible

xplanation

eems o

be thathe

was

the

center f

a

cult

worship

hich

outlasted he

temporal ower

f his

descendants.10

In

this

elief,herefore,

oth heGad and

Seleucus

are

to

be

regarded

s

divine,

while he

third

igure,

themortal

edicant,

oes honor o

them oth. On

this

nalogy,

n

the

group

t

Antioch,

yche

would

be crownedythedivine eleucuswhileAntiochus

would

ccupy

he

position

f dedicant. The latter

would e the

reigninging

nd

might

e

the

econd

or

third fthe

name

uite

s

easily

s

the

first.

9

nPOrONOI

ournal

f

Hellenic

tudies

V

1935),specially

pp.

4,

6.

i°

For

he

uestion

f

he eleuddultee he rticlef

ostov-

tzeffted bove.



16/131

6 THE EIGHTH

AND NINTH

Now

nthe ime f

everus

lexanderhe

ssump-

tion fdivine

onors

y

the

iving mperor

as

so

regular

convention

hat

there s

no

difficulty

n

supposinghat he occupiesn hisgroup hesame

position

hatSeleucus

id

in

the

earlier

ne.

The

second

Tyche

wouldthen

represent

he

dedican.

Allègre

has

already

een

the

significance

f this

duplication.

Both

Tyches

tand

for he

city,

but

thefirst

s

the

permanent

nd

essential

pirit

fthe

place,

the second

n embodimentf

the citizens

actually

oncerned

n the

dedication.

This second

figure

f he

goddess,

tanding olding cornucopia,

is

of a

type equally

familiar

nd

perhaps

more

ancient hanthatofEutychides;t has beencon-

jectured

hat t

is derived rom statue

f Praxit-

eles.11

It was

evidently

sed

for

city goddesses

throughout

sia Minor

and would

have

been

instantly

nderstood

ven f therewas

no dedica-

torynscription.

he whole

roup

s

represented

ot

only

n coinsbut also

on

contemporary

ems,

ne

of which s in the collection

f

Mr.

Newell;

the

Metropolitan

useum

as

three.

There s no

way

of

elling

hether lexandernd

Tychedirectlyeplaced

eleucus nd

Antiochus,

r

whether herewas an intervalwhenEutychides'

group

was restoredo ts

original

tate.

The earlier

coins

show

Tyche

withno

accompanying

igures,

but,

fMalaias s

right,hey

till

ormed

art

f

he

group

n the ime

f

Trajan.12

t

is

likely,

owever,

11

mhoof-Blumer

nd

Gardner,

ournal

f

Hellenic

tudies

885,

p.

6.

12

y

olleague

r.

Brown

cutely

uggests,

owever,

hat

n



17/131

DURA HOARDS

7

that Alexander's dditions

were later

removed.

Not

only

s

this

nherently

robable

n

historical

grounds,

ut the

type

f

Decius,

howing

yche

n

a tetrastylehrine hich heoccupieswith o room

for ther

igures,

eems o be

a true

picture

f

the

monument

s

it

appeared

n his

time.

It was the

Tyche

of Antiochwhich

ecame

he

pattern

or

city goddesses

n the

Mesopotamian

cities

with

whosemintswe are

here concerned.13

Edessa,Carrhae, esibi,

ingara

nd

Rhesaena

ll

show he eated

igure

nd theriver

od,

hough

he

lastnamedmakes se

of

he

other orm

f

Tyche

s

well.

But

t s not

imply

case

of nemint

opying

the typeof another. At some periods ertain

Syrian

mints

were

so

closely

onnected

hat

the

same obverse ie

could be

used

fortwo

cities,14

and a similar elation xisted

etween

Nesibi nd

Singara,

ut

therewas

no

such onnection

etween

Antioch

nd

Mesopotamia.

Rather t

is a case of

these ities

borrowing

rom ntioch

er

Tyche

to

be used

n statues

r

pictures

f their

wn,

hese

later o be

reproduced

n

the coins.

Proof f this

is found n the fresco

f the Tribune

rom ura15

where

he

Tyche

of

Palmyra

nd that

of

Dura,

so

this

ase nd hat

f

he

eliefromura e

may

aveo

dowith

a cult estored

y rajan

nd ot ne hat ad

ontinuedohis

time.

w

t

had lso n xtended

ogue

utside

f

Mesopotamia.

ist

of

he

ities

heretwas seds

given

y

C.

Bosch,

ieKlein-

asiatischen

ünzener ömischenaiserzeit

Teil

I,

Band

,

1

Hälfte,

p.

54-256.

i*

. M.C.

Galatia,

.

129,

o. 3.

16

umont,

ouilles,

is. lix-li.



18/131

8

THE EIGHTH

AND NINTH

entitled,

ppear

n

the form f seatedwomen

with

turreted

eaddresses,

hough

he

details re

altered

to

suit

he

particular

ases.

Doubtless ll

the ities

of the district ad similar epresentationshich

showed he same

general

ndebtedness

o Antioch

and the

same minor

ariations.

For

example,

he

coins

f

Philip

rom

esibi how

Tyche

eated

n a

tetrastyle

hrine

s do those f

Decius

from

ntioch,

but,

n

the former

ase,

the ram

over

her

head

s

within he

shrine nd

therefore

art

of

the

group.

As

already

emarked,

his

wouldbe

absurd,

f

not

impossible

n

sculpture

n

the

round,

ut t

is

quite

understandablefthe

galma

fNesibiwas a

paint-

ing ra relief.Asthe llustrationsill how, here

is some

variety

n

the

tyle,

ut

greater

ifferences

between

eriods

han

betweenmints o

thatwe can

get

no

reliabledea

of he

quality

f he

originals.

In

the

descriptions

f

the

coins,

referenceso

Tyche

without urther

etails

mean the

type

of

Eutychides

hen

he

full

igure

s

shown,

he

type

with

veil and

turreted

eaddress,

hen

t is

only

bust.

It

is to

be

noted hat

the

alternate

ype

s

regularly

sed on

the

Pontic

coins

of

Septimius

Severus,

nd

Rhesaena

nd

Gabala

show

till

ther

forms.

The

Roman

ypes of

Rhesaena

In

contrast ith

he

poverty

f

subjects

f

the

other

Mesopotamian

mints

Rhesaena

presents

n

interesting

ariety

f which

he

vexillum

nd the

colonist

loughing

re

entirely

oman

n

character

while

the

complicated

cene of

the

two

Tyches



19/131

DURA

HOARDS

9

clasping

ands

nd the

ccessoryagles

n most f

the

types

have

a

distinctly

oman ook

compared

with he

simple atterns

f

the

neighboring

ities.

Rhesaena's art nthehoards too small o ustify

more han

the reminder

f

this

dissimilarity.

specialmonograph

n Rhesaena

s

being

reparedy

Carl O. Castelin f

Prague

which

willdeal with

he

civic

ypes

t

length.

The

Pyre of Amasia

The

types

f

Amasia re

partly

f

mperial,artly

of

ocal

ignificance.

fthe

former,

he ommonest

is that which

hows wo

figures

n

togas

clasping

hands.

The most

probable xplanation

f

this

s

that t

represents

aracalla nd Geta ntheir

oint

consulship

f

205.

It

is no

valid

objection

hat

he

same scene

reappears

ated

n

the

next

year,

for

therewas

evidently

o efforto revise

he ist of

subjects

or he second

year

of the

ssue.

A

more

puzzlinghing

s

that

o far

no

example

f

his

ype

has

been

foundwith

Geta

on the

obverse.

To be

sureGeta'scoins

re not

numerousnd

this

may

be

merely

ccident,

ut

one wouldhave

expected

hat

type

o be most

particularly

ssociated

with

him.

Nevertheless,t can hardly e doubted hat the

figures

re the twobrothers.

The

standing yche

needs

no further

omment,

but here

s

a

group

f

oins

earing

he

picture

f

flaming

yre

which

eserves

ome

discussion.

t

should e

remarked

t the

beginning

hat he truc-

ture

s not

an altar

as it

is called

n

the British

Museum

atalogue,

ut

a

burning

yre

ometimes



20/131

10 THE EIGHTH AND

NINTH

of wo

tages.

This

grees

well

with he

description

of a sacrifice

f Mithradates o

Zeus

Stratios

described

y Appian

Mithr

66)

l6

Zeus

Stratios

wasa deity fbarbarousrigin avingome ffinity

to

Ahura-Mazda nd

regarded

s

a sun

god.

The

eagle

nd

the

quadriga

which

requentlyppear

n

or bove he

pyre

resumably

efero

him. Cumont

believes

that

the

tree

or

trees

beside

the

pyre

symbolize

he sacred

grove

whichhe

supposes

o

have

surrounded

t.17

But however

ppropriate

sacred

rove

may

be

to a

temple,

t seems

oubtful

if

t

couldhave stood

bout this

pyre.

According

to

Appian's

account,

he flames

were

visible

a

thousandtades wayand it took everal aysfor

the

place

o cooloff

nough

or

eople

o

comeback

to

t.

Surely

o

trees ould ive o

become

enerable

if

they

werenear

enough

o

such

a

bonfireo be

regarded

s an

adjunct

Moreover

hetrees

f

the

coin

do not

ppear

o be

either

ine

r

oak.

Figuré

1

shows he

peculiar

orm,

ith

wisted

tems

nd

roundhead

often,

hough

ot

always,

urrounded

by

a circle

f dots which

eemto

represent

ruit.

The

tree

on

the

pyre

s

obviously

pine,

nd the

smaller hoots

o

right

nd left re

of

still

nother

kind, o thatthedie-sinker usthaveknown ow

to

differentiate.

he

appearance

f the

tree

beside

"Thiswas irst

ointed

ut

y

Cavedoni

Bull.

.

nst

1840,

pp.

0

.)

nd he

matteras

ince

een

reated

y

umonttudia

Pontica

I,

pp.

76

f.)

nd

ook

ZeusI.

2,

pp.

74

f.).

17

herere till

ine

reesn

he ite f

he

emple

f

Zeus

Stratios

t Amasiand

liny

eports

hat

enerableaks

tood

beside

he

emple

f

eus tratiost

Heraclea

Cumont

p.

it.,

pp.

74, 77,

80 .

1).



21/131

DURA HOARDS 11

the

pyre

s muchmore hatof an olive r

possibly

a

fig.

I

confess hat cannot ffer

he

east

sug-

gestion

s to

ts

meaning

r

explain

ts

position,

ut

the heoryfthe acred rove oesnot eem o me

tenable.

There

re certain

ther ariations f

this

type,

rareor

unpublished,

f which

present

rawings

since

he

coins

hemselves

re none

oo

clear.

In

Figure

the second

tage

of the

pyre

eems o

be

separated

rom hefirst

y

a

pine

branch

in

Figure

3

the

agle

s

under

pediment

or

which o

building

can

be

seen nd

n

Figure

he

s

perched

n a

very

deadbull

Waddingtonpeaks

f

Mithraic

lements,

and one s naturallyemindedftheMithraic ull,

though

cannot

ind

hathe s ever

hown

n

such

position.

But

M.

Cumont,

hoseword

n

such

question

s

authority,

ritesme that

he

uggestion

of

Mithraisms a

mistake.

He believes

hat the

type

shouldbe

compared

with the

Cappadocian

bronzes

f

an

eagle

on a bull's head to which

he

refers n an

article entitled L'Archevêché e

Pédachtoé t

e Sacrifice

u

Faon/'18

ut

he admits

with

leasant

andor hat his

s

merely

xplaining

obscurum

er

bscurius.

igure

shows

n

astonish-

ingmodificationfthequadrigaype. The chariot

itselfs invisible

ut the

horses

or

rather

he

fore-

parts

of

the horses are

placed

one

pair

above

another.

Whether

his

s

an

individual

xperiment

in

perspective

r whetherhe

sun

god

on

occasion

drove kind f divine

tage

oach,

he

effect

s

to

i®

y

antin

931,

p.

21-529.



22/131

12

THE EIGHTH

AND NINTH

Fig.

Fig.

Fig.

Fig.

Fig.



23/131

DURA

HOARDS

13

eliminatehe

deity

himself

ltogether.

t

may

be

that

only

future

xcavation

t

Amasia

tself

will

make lear

he

significance

f

these urious etails

but t hasseemedworthwhile o callattentiono

features

hich re

new.

Mention

ught

lso

to

be

made

of the hitherto

unknown

ype

of the seatedriver

od

Iris

p.

77,

No.

319)

though

t

is similar

o

others

reviously

known.

The Temples

of

Neo-Caesarea

Muchthecommonest

ype

rom eo-Caesarea

s

a

tetrastyle

emple,

nd this

apparentmonotony

may bscure hefact hat t snot single uilding

that

s

shown,

ut

a number

fdifferent

nes.

Not

only

re some onic and

someCorinthian

ut the

statues isible

etween he olumnshow

surpris-

ing

diversity.

Unfortunately

he

scale

s

so

small

and the relief

o low that

their

dentity

s

never

certain

nd

frequently

ot even

to be

guessed.

I

have ncludedn

the

atalogue

uch

onjectures

s

I

could

make. Without

ounting

oo minute

etails,

there

ppear

to

be

fifteen

eparate

anctuariesn

the

pieces

n

this

hoard.

The

happy

xcavator f

Neo-Caesareaughto findheworld's inestollec-

tion

f

tetrastyle

emples



24/131

14

THE

EIGHTH AND

NINTH



25/131

O

SIGNIFIES

HAT

R0NZC.OINS

F

HAT

EIGNRt

NOWNUT

HAT

ONt

CCUR

N

HU

m kiskkisixi 17 o

sfijsj

o o

o

*PHIL|P44-249 77

0_2_J._0152

O

0_0 0_0_

PECIU5 49-251 I 12 4

O O

TotaL

Ibh i 1 4 43115414I 71 slasti l 2 10I2I il il 21 il il ;

I7S6

393

S

fi

Mesopotamia

Syria

Phoenicia ypr

ClllCIA

'INCLUDING

ERUS

TO

oí

"iNCluWNC.HEoins FDomna,aracaLIanoGea struckn Severus'eign

'includingeverusAlt*

nder,

aesar.

*incLudin«

oUa

Mam

t

.

$incLuoincranquillina.

'including

tacília

ano

PhiLip

Jr.



26/131

j|IIRI=IsI Jsl |í|ils|

li

III

Jd«|§|*|

joyfc

L

JL

í

__o o_o_o

o

i

0_L_L_2_0

o 0

/67

J__0

0_0_l_

2

_0_0

O

_0

799

O

-12

o

o

o

o O

o

455

0_0 0_0

O

o

232

O

O O

JJ_

II 21

5

ad 51

131 l ̂

JI 3^ ^lí^j j¡£l2Bg

5

?

7*5

604

iT 21

Phoenicia yprus

Pontos

Pisidia

GREECE

CiliciAappaoocia

Phrygia

TO

TOTAL

F

817

OO

5CLC0CU5

I

5CVERU3tlGN I& IMITATIONř bWANPROMNTIOCH,MCCNT&C

ZDtNARISEVERUSLeXANOCR

10

UNlDEMTtřlEO

14 tlCGiftLfc

*0

ZUT

HAT

OHECCUR

N

*U5

OARO.

ZW

GRAND

OTAL



27/131

DURA HOARDS

15

The Catalogue

There

s

preserved

t

Yale

a

manuscript

atalogue

showingll the variations hatoccur, ut it has

seemedwiser

n

the

printed

atalogue

o list

only

such

differencess

seem to have

a

significance

greater

han

accidental,

merely

ummarizing

he

observed ariants n the

egends.

Of

course

t

is

impossible

o

be sure hat

arieties

rouped

ogether

may

not,

n

fact,

have

constituted

eparate

ssues

but t is more

ikely

hat he

error as been

n

the

direction f

giving

oo much

detail.

The

plates

have

covered,

o far as

possible,

ifferences

f

minutiaend also

differences

f

style

which

ould

notbeadequately escribed. his hasnecessitated

the llustrationf

manypieces

whose

ondition

s

far rom

atisfactory

ut whose vidence

s service-

able

fnot

delight

o

the

ye.

An

attempt

as beenmade o

arrange

he

mints

in a

geographical

rder

xpressive

f their elation

to

Dura.

The

types

re numbered

onsecutively.

Thenfollows

he

number f

pecimens

n each

type

(in

parenthesis)

nd thenthe

size

in

millimeters.

Types

llustrated

n

the

plates

re

marked

with

n

asterisk. Referenceso specimenslreadypub-lished are

given

only

n the case of

exceptional

pieces.



28/131

16

THE

EIGHTH

AND

NINTH

EDESSA

Septimius

everus

and Abgar

VIII

195-201

The

dating

of this

series

s

discussed

n Dura

Report

VII-VII

,

pp.

399

f.

1.

(3)

23-24

mm.

CS0YH[P0C]

Headof everus

r.t

aureate.

Rev.

ABrAPOC

BACIA8TC]

Bust f

Abgar

.,

wearing

ia-

demed

iara;

efore

ace,

cep-

ter.

Elagabalus

June

,

218-March

1,

222

The

normalbverse

nscription

s AYTKMAANT-

(l)NSINOC

C8B

for A

roKpárwp

laap Máp/cos

Aôp^Xtos

Avtc

véivos

àefiaaròs]

ne

coin has KAIC in-

stead f

K,

one has

Q

instead f

CO,

wo have

I in-

stead

f

£1.

Onehasthe

nscription

YTKMAANT-

NANOCC

Sic )

Pl. I. 9.

The official ame

of

the

town s

K

oXwvla

apda

AùprjXlaAvTœviviavi)

E

ôêaaa.

The

following

orms

occur n thesehoards:KOACOMAPSASCC,OA-

ANTAVP8A6CC,MAPAVANKOSA6CC,

APKO-

ASAeCCA,

MAKAVPHKO

- -

-

AMSASCCA.

These

variations,

ike those of the

obverse,

re

certainly

ithout

ignificance

s to date or denomi-

nation.

There

s

one

coin,

however,

hich eads

MHK6A8

-

-,

the

MH

standing

or

Mqrpón-oXts.

Since the

title occurs

regularly

n the coins

of



29/131

DURA

HOARDS

17

Severus lexander ut

not

earlier han

Elagabalus,

its ntroduction

ay

belong

o the nd of his

reign.

The

piecemay

be a

hybrid,

owever.

The

reverse

types the eatedTyche iscussedbove,pp.2-8.

2.

(2)

26-28

mm.

Bust

.,

aur.

Rev.

Tyche

.,

holding

ranch.

3.

(2)

25mm.

Bust

.,

aur.

Rev.

Tyche

.,

holding

ranch;

before

er,

laming

ltar.

4.

(2)

25mm. Head

r.,

aur.

Rev.

Tyche

.,

holding

ruit.

*5.

(3)

24-27mm.Bust

.,

radiate.

Rev. ame.

*6.

(2)

25mm.

Head

r.,

aur.

Rev.

Tyche

.,

olding

ruit;

e-

fore

er,

laming

ltar.

*7.

(1)

27

mm. Bust

.,

rad.

Rev.

Tyche

.,

olding

ruit

be-

hind

er,

ornucopia.

8.

(2)

25

mm. Bust

., aur.,

with

hield.

Rev.

Tyche

.,

olding

ruit;

e-

fore

er,

ornucopia.

*9.

(1)

25mm. Head

r.,

rad.

Rev.Tyche .,holdingarsof

corn;

efore

er,

laming

ltar.

*10.

(1)

27mm. Bust

.,

aur.

Rev.

Tyche

1.,

holding

Nike

who rowns

er.

11.

(1)

24mm. Bust

.,

aur.,

with hield.

Rev

Tyche

.;

before

er,

lam-

ing

ltar.



30/131

18 THE EIGHTH AND

NINTH

12.

(1)

23

mm. Head

r.,

aur.

Rev

Tyche

.;

before

er,

ear-

ing

erpent.

13. (1) 25mm. Headr., ad.

Rev

Tyche

1.;

detailsuncer-

tain.

14.

(12)

24-27

mm.Bust

.,

aur.

Rev.

ame.

*15.

(3)

25-29mm.Bust

.,

ad.

Rev. ame.

With

heTitle

Metropolis

16.

(1)

23

mm.

Head

r.,

aur.

RevTyche .,holdingranch;

before

er,

laming

ltar.

Severus

Alexander,

Caesar

July

0,

221-March

1,

222

17.

(5)

23-26

mm. NAPOCKA

Bust

.,

aur.

Rev.

6A8CC

Tyche

.,

de-

tails

bscure.

*18.

(5)

24-26

mm. ANAPOCK

Bust

.,

aur.

Rev.MAKAVP6ASCC

yche

1.

before

er,

ltar.

Severus

Alexander,

Augustus

March

11,

222-March

9,

235

There re four

ssues

dentifiablender

everus

Alexanders

Augustus.

ince

hisreverse

s

Caesar

has

no

stars nd s

without he

titles

Metropolis

r

Colonia t

s

apparent

hat he

pieces

with

he ame



31/131

DURA

HOARDS

19

reverse

B.

M

Arab.,

.

104,

No.

86)

are the

first

issued

nder

im

s

Augustus.

The second

ssue s that

with

he

itles

MetropolisandColonia It s of wo enominations:he econd,

represented

n

the

hoards,

nd the

third

y

B. M.

Arab

,

p.

109,

Nos.

113

f.

The

third

ssue

would

hen

onsist

f the

coins

with

wo

tars.

Here

gain

here retwo

denomina-

tions:

the

first nd

second.

Hill

distinguishes

series

B

M.

Arab.,

pp.

107

f.,

Nos.

102-112)

n

which he eatof

Tyche

s

regular

n

form

hile he

bust of

the

Emperor

s

slightly

earded The

reverse

nscription

egins

MHTKOA. On othersB

M.Arab., . 106,Nos.93-96) he nscriptionegins

MH

KO,

the eat

s

rregular

ndthe

eard s

not

p-

parent.

A similar

ifference

n

inscription

ppears

in the

arge

denomination,

ome

B

M.

Arab.,

p.

105,

Nos.

87-89,

2)

readMHTKO

not

KO

A)

while

others

B

M

Arab.,

.

105,

Nos.

90

f.)

have

MHKO.

It

may

be that heother haracteristics

ccompany

the

diverse

eadings,

ut

among

he

specimens

n

these oards

can

find o

distinctions. ostof

he

inscriptions

re

ncomplete,

t s

generally

mpossible

to

say

whether

he

Emperor

s

bearded

r

not,

nd

theseatofTycheexhibitso manygradationsf

regularity

hat have made no

attempt

o subdi-

vide

he

hird

ssue

n

these

rounds.

he

variation

in the obverse

nscription

akes ne

suspect

hat

variation

n

the reverse s

significant

f

nothing

more han

he

preference

f the

die-sinker.

oins

of Mamaea

with wo stars

B

M

Arab.,

p.

110,

Nos.

121-123)

re

to be

assigned

o

this

ssue.



32/131

20 THE

EIGHTH

AND NINTH

The fourth eries ncludes he

pieces

withfour

stars f

Alexander,

lexandernd Mamaea

together

and

Mamaea

alone;

of this ssue there re two

denominations,hefirstonlyAlexanderndMam-

aea

together)

nd the econd

all

three

bverses).

The commonest

orm

f the

Emperor's

itle

s

AVTKMAV CSAASEAN

POC

CS

for

A

tokp&top

Katcrap pKos

ûprjXios

eovîqpos

A'é£avôpos

e/3a


33/131

DURA HOARDS 21

*23.

(1)

23mm. Bust

.,

aur.

Rev.

eASCCOn

(sic)

Ty-

che

.

holding

emple

ith

edi-

ment; eforeer, ltar.

THIRD

SSUE

First enomination

*24.

(22)

30-33

mm.

Head

r.,

aur.

Rev.

Tyche

.;

before

er,

l-

tar;

n

field,

o 1. nd

r.,

ight-

pointed

tars

[In

two

cases

there re

pellets

n

the

field,

convertednto

tars

y

cratch-

es,

obviously

mpromptu].

*25. (1) 31mm. Headr.,rad.

Rev. ame.

26.

(3)

29-32mm.Bust

.,

aur.

Rev.

ame.

27.

(2)

30-33mm.Bust

1., aur.,

hield n

shoul-

der.

Rev. ame.

Second enomination

*28.

(10)

24-28

mm.Head

r.,

aur.

Rev.Tyche1., holding ruit;before

er, ltar;

nfield

o

1.

and

r.,

eight-pointed

tars.

*29.

(44)

24-28

mm.Bust

.,

aur.

Rev. ame.

30.

(3)

23-24mm.Head

r.,

aur.

Rev.

ame,

but

Tyche

holds

ears

f

corn.



34/131

22 THE EIGHTH

AND NINTH

*31.

(3)

24-25mm.

Bust

.,

aur.

Rev. ame.

*32.

(3)

22-29

mm.

Head

r.,

rad.

Rev. ame,but Tycheholds

uncertain

bject.

33.

(19)

22-27

mm.

Bust

.,

aur.

Rev. ame.

34.

(1)

26

mm.

Head

1.,

aur.

Rev. ame.

*35.

(21)

22-28

mm.

Busti.,

aur.with

hield

nd

eagle-toppedcepter.

Rev. ame.

36.

(5)

23-26mm.Bust

1., aur.,

with

hield;

.

hand aised.

Rev. ame.

*37.

(8)

24r-27 m.Bust

.,

ad.

Rev. ame.

38.

(4)

26-27

mm.Head

r.,

aur.

Rev.

Tyche

1.,

holding

ruit;

altars

beforend

behind

er;

in

field,

o

1.

and

r.,

eight-

pointed

tars.

*39.

(3)

25-26mm.Bust

.,

aur.

Rev. ame.

40.

(2)

26-27mm.Bust

1., aur.,

with

hield

nd

eagle-toppedcepter.

Rev.

ame.

*41

(1)

26

mm. Bust

1.,

aur.,

with

hield;

.

hand aised.

Rev. ame.



35/131

DURA

HOARDS

23

*42.

(2)

26mm.

Bust1.

rad.,

holding

cepter

.

Rev.

ame.

*43.

(1)

27mm. Bust

r.,

aur.

with

hield nd

eagle-toppedcepter.

Rev.MHTKOA6A6C

sl

ON

(sic)

Tyche

.,

holding

ars

of

corn;

ltars efore

nd

behind

her;

n field

o

1.

nd

r.,

ight-

pointed

tars.

*44.

(1)

28mm.

- -

KMAC80ANT0)N£IN19

Bust

1.,

aur.,

with hield nd

eagle-topped

cepter.

Rev

-

TKOA8A[SCC]HN(i)

[N]

Same

but

only

ne

ltar,

beforeyche.

FOURTHSSUE

Second

enomination

45.

(1)

28mm.

Bust

.f

aur.

Rev.

Tyche

.,

holding

emple

with

ediment;

efore

er,

l-

tar;

n

field,

our

ight-pointed

stars.

»

ThenscriptionAVT]KMAC£OANT(ONeiN[OCSB]wouldbe orrectoraracallandmighteusedsan rgumentors-

signing

his

oino

him,

ince e ow nowhathe itle

olonia

goes

ack

ohis ime. ut

here

re

reatbjections

he hieff

which

sthathe

everses

ndistinguishable

rom

hosessociated

withbverses

f

Alexander,

hilehisbverse

ypeppears

or im

morehan

nce.

This

ppears

obe die n

which

he

ame

"Antoninus"

as

rroneously

iven

oAlexander.imilar

iece

is

ttributed

o

lagabalus

B

M.

Arab.,

.

103,

o.

7).

They

re

connected

ithertainetradrachms

obe

discussed

n

my

orth-

coming

tudy

Syrian

etradrachms

f aracalland

Macrinus."



36/131

24 THE EIGHTH AND NINTH

*46.

(1)

28

mm. Bust

1.,

aur.,

with hield nd

eagle-topped

cepter.

Rev. ame but above

Tyche,

Aquarius?

Severus Alexander and

Julia

Mamaea

March

11,

222-March

9,

235

The obverse

nscription

s

always

AVTKMAC-

AASEANAPOCCSBIOVAMAMSAC.

he reverses

havebeendiscussed

bove,

pp.

18-20.

FOURTH

SSUE

First enomination

*47.

(3)

30-33mm.Busts

onfronted.

Rev.Tyche .,holdingemple

with

pediment;

bove

her,

Aquarius

?);

in

field,

our

eight-pointed

tars.

Second enomination

*48.

(24)

25-27mm.

ame.

Rev.

ame.

Julia

Mamaea

March

11,

222-March

9,

235

The

obverse

nscription

s

IOVAMAM6A

6BAC-

TH. The reverses ave beendiscussedbove,pp.

18-20.

THIRDSSUE

Second

enomination

*49.

(5)

24-25

mm.Bust .

Rev.

Tyche

1.,

holding

ncer-

tain

object;

before

er, ltar;



37/131

DURA

HOARDS 25

in

field,

.

nd

r.,

ight-pointed

stars.

FOURTHSSUE

Second enomination

50.

(2)

27-28

mm.

Bust .

Rev

Tyche

.,

holding

emple

with

ediment;

n

field,

our

eight

pointed

tars.

Gordian II and

Abgar

X

240-242

The date of these ssues s discussed n Yale

Classical

tudies

,

pp.

95-154,

where

t

is shown

that,

nder

Gordian,

he

regal

oinage recedes

he

colonial.

There

re four

enominations,

f

which

hree

re

represented

ere.

The obverse ears

he

portrait

f

Gordian

nd the

nvariable

nscription

YTOKKM-

ANTFOPAIANOCCSB

or

ÒTOKpárcop

accrap ápxos

'Avt&vios

opôuxvbsc/3a


38/131

26

THE EIGHTH

AND

NINTH

51.

(16)

32-34mm.Head

r.,

aur.

Rev.Gordian

eated . on sella

on

suggestus

ith

ceptre,

e-

ceiving Abgar standing1.,

holding

word nd

presenting

him with

Victory

holding

wreath.

*52.

(20)

33-36mm.Bust

.,

aur.

Rev. ame.

*53.

(5)

32-34mm.Head

r.,

rad.

Rev. ame.

*54.

(10)

32-34

mm.Bust

.,

rad.

Rev

Same.

*55. (1) 33mm. Bust ., aur.

Rev.On

1.,

Gordian .

holding

globe

nd

mappa;

n

r.,

Abgar

1.,

1. hand on

sword,

n

r.,

wreath.

56.

(1)

34

mm. Bust

.,

rad.

Rev.

Same.

*57.

(1)

32mm.

Head

r.,

aur.

Rev.

Abgar iding

.

58.

(1)

33mm.

Bust

.,

rad.

Rev. ame.

59. (1) 32mm. Bust ., aur.

Rev.

Obliterated.

Second

enomination

*60.

120)

22-26

mm.

Head

r.,

aur.

Rev.Bust

f

Abgar,

.,

n

iara.

*61.

155)

22-26

mm.Bust

.,

aur.

Rev.

ame.



39/131

DURA

HOARDS

27

*62.

(25)

23-27

mm.

Head

r.,

rad.

Rev. ame.

*03.

107)

22-27mm.

Bust

.,

ad.

RevSame.

64.

(3)

24-25mm.Bust

., aur.,

with hield.

Rev

Same.

*65.

(5)

24-25

mm.

Bust

1.,

aur.,

with hield nd

eagle-topped

ceptre.

Rev Same.

Third

enomination

*66.

(2)

20

mm.

Head

r.,

aur.

Rev. ame.

67. (2) 20mm. Headr.,rad.

Rev.

ame.

Gordian

II,

alone

242-March,

44

The obverse

ypes

nd

inscription

emain

n-

changed,

ut

hereverse owbears

bust

f

Tyche,

1.

Beforet

is a

pedestal

n which

tands statue

of

Aquarius

?).

Between ust

nd

pedestal, sually

but not

nvariably

cf.

Pl.

IV,

71)

stands little

templewithpedimentcf.Pl. IV, 69, 72) such s

appears

lsewhere

n coinsof

Edessa

e. g.

B.

M.

Arab.,

.

101,

No.

69,

Pl.

XV,

4), although

ts care-

less xecution akes

t

frequently

ook ike

flaming

altar,

s

it

s

described

n

B. M.

Arab.,

.

111.

The

inscription

s

MHTKOA£ SCCHN

ON.

These are

all of thefirst enomination

hough

lightly

maller

than

he

regal

ssue.



40/131

28

THE EIGHTH

AND NINTH

68.

(5)

28-32mm.Head

r.,

aur.

Rev

Bust

f

Tyche,

.

*69. (96) 28-32mm.Bust ., aur.Rev. ame.

*70.

(21)

28-32

mm.

Head

r.,

ad.

Rev.

ame.

*71.

(37)

27-32

mm.Bust

.,

rad.

Rev. ame.

Tranquillina

242-March 44

Theobversenscriptions


41/131

DURA HOARDS

29

CARRHAE

Caracalla

214-217

74.

(1)

17mm.

Inscription

bliterated. ead

r.,

aur.

Rev.CO Bust f

Tyche,

r. B. M.

Arab.,

p.

85

ff.

Gordian

II

242-March,

44

There

re two

ssues,

ach

oftwo

denominations.

The

first enomination

f

the

former

s

very

much

likeGordiani contemporaryolonial ssues from

Edessa.

The

portraits

nd theobverse

nscription,

AVTKKMANTrOPAIANOCCSB

re the

ame.

On

the reverse

very

imilar ust

of

Tyche ppears,

faced

by

the

same tatue

n a

pedestal.

Between

them

s sometimes

small ltar

Pl.

IV).

Generally

there

s

a

crescent

bove

hebust

hough

ometimes

it

s omitted.20

he reverse

nscription

sMHTPKOA-

KAPPHNCON.

The

second

denominationf this

issue

has the

sameobverses

ut,

on

the

reverse,

bust

of

Tyche,

.,

appears

etween

wo

tars.

The

inscriptions MHTKOAKAPPHNCON.

On the

econd

ssue

though

e

have

no

means f

telling

hethert

was later

n

time)

he

obverses

the

same,

but

the reverse

ype

s

replaced

y

a

crescent ithin

which

s one

eight-pointed

taron

2°

. M.

Arab.,

.

89,

Nos. 5

nd

8are

marked

crescent

obliterated

but n

many

f he oins

f

arrhae

he

rescent

as

certainly

mitted.



42/131

30 THE

EIGHTH AND

NINTH

thefirst

enomination,

wo

n

the

econd.

On both

the

nscription

s

MHTPKOAKAPPHNCON.

FIRSTSSUE

First

enomination

*75.

(2)

27-28

mm.

Head

r.,

aur.

Rev Bust

of

Tyche,

1.;

in

front,

tatue n

pedestal.

*76.

(30)

27-31

mm.Bust

.,

aur.

Rev. ame.

77.

(2)

28-29

mm.

Head

r.,

rad.

Rev.

ame.

*78. (32) 27-30mm.Bust .,rad.

Rev. ame.

Second enomination

*79.

(2)

23

mm. Bust

.,

aur.

Rev

Bust

f

Tyche,

.

between

two

tars.

*80.

(1)

23

mm.

Bust

.,

rad.

Rev.

ame.

SECONDSSUE

First enomination

81.

(1)

28mm.

Bust

.,

aur.

Rev

Crescent,

ithin

which,

six-pointed

tar.

*82.

(6)

28

mm.

Bust

.,

rad.

Rev. ame.



43/131

DURA

HOARDS 31

Second

enomination

*83.

(1)

21

mm.

Bust

.,

aur.

Rev

Crescent,

within

which

two ight-pointedtars.

84.

(1)

22mm.

Head

r.,

rad.

Rev.

ame.

85.

(2)

22

mm. Bust

.,

rad.

Rev.

ame.

RHESAENA

Severus Alexander

March

11,

222-March

9,

235

86. (1) 27mm. Inscriptionllegible. eadr.

Rev

Inscription

llegible.

y-

che

seated1.

Double

truck

and

obscure,

f.

B. M.

Arab.,

p.

126,

l.

XVIII,

5.

87.

(1)

26

mm.

Inscription

llegible.

Head or

bust .

Rev.

HCAINH

Tyche

eated

1.,

holding

agle,

cf.

B

M.

Arab.

p.

126,

os.

-8.

Struck

over head

of

Elagabalus,

.

(possibly M.Arab., . 125,

No.

4).

Trajan

Decius

October,

49-May,

51

There re three

arieties

f

the obverse

nscrip-

tion:

AVTKrM£KVA£KIOCTPAIANOCCSB

Aôro-

Kpárcopaîarap

alos

M¿


44/131

32

THE

EIGHTH

AND

NINTH

Se/fcwr

ós),

AVTKAirAIM£CKVTPAA6KI0CC£B,

and

AVTKrM£KVTPAA£KIOCC£B

he first wo

used

n

the

econd

enomination,

he

hird,

hichs

merelyn abbreviationf the econd, sedon the

third

enomination.

have

conjectured

Hoards

I,

II,

p.

40)

that the form

which

eads "Decius

Traianus"

precedes

that with the usual

order

"Traianus

Decius,"

nd

consequently

here ivide

them

nto two

ssues,

hough

hismustbe under-

stood

s

a

mere

ossibility

The reverse

nscription

s

generally

£IIKOAPH-

CAINHCICONLIIIP

JlevTi/xla

oXo la

Prjaaivr¡al(av

Legio

II

Parthica)

hough

n oneofour

pieces

No.

94)the itle Colonia" somitted. t is noticeable

in

the

BritishMuseum ollectionhatthisomission

always

ccompanies

he second bverse

nscription

(

B

M.

Arab.,

p.

128

f.,

Nos.

16-21,

7)

which

have

consideredo

be

later hanthe

first,

ut the

absence

f "Colonia" cannot e taken s an

indica-

tion of date for the

title

occurs under Severus

Alexander

ibid.,

.

cx,

n.

2).

FIRST

SSUE

Second enomination

*88. (2) 26-27mm.Bust .,rad.

Rev.

Founder

loughing

.

with

yoke

f

oxen;

he holds

agle-

headed

cepter

n

1.; above,

spread

agle,

head

1.,

wreath

in

beak;

in

ex.,

river

od

r.

B. M.

Arab.,

.

127,

Nos.

10-

14.



45/131

DURA

HOARDS

33

*89.

(1)

25

mm.

Bust

.f

ad.

Rev

Tyche

eated

1.

with

r.

hand extended

ver

lighted

altar;bove,preadagle, ead

1.,

wreath

n

beak.

Cf.

B,

M,

Arab

, p.

129,

No.

27,

but

ob-

verse

nscription

s that

of

Nos.22-25.

*90.

(1)

26mm.

Bust

.,

rad.

Rev.

Two

Tyches

clasping

hands;

etween

hem

ltar

of

caryatid

supporting

lab;

above,

agle,

ead

.,

wreath

n

beak;

o

1.,

Aquarius

?)

r.

on

column;o r.,Sagittarius.;

in

ex.,

half-figure

f

river

od

swimming

.

B. M.

Arab

, p.

130,

No. 28.

*91.

(1)

26

mm.

Bust

.,

ad.

Rev Two

Tyches

clasping

hands;

between

hem,

ltar;

above,

agle,

ead

.,

wreath

n

beak;

to

1.

Aquarius

?)

r.

(without

olumn);

o

r.,

agit-

tarius

.;

in

ex.,

half-figure

f

river

od

wimming

. cf.

B.

M.Arab., . 130,No.29.

92.

(1)

26mm.

Bust

.,

rad.

Rev

Two

Tyches

clasping

hands;

between

hem,

ltar;

above,

agle,

ead

.,

wreath

n

beak;

to 1.

Aquarius

?)

r.

on

column;to

r.,

Sagittarius,

.];

in

ex.,

half

igure

f

river

od



46/131

34 THE

EIGHTH

AND NINTH

swimming

.

cf.

B.

M.

Arab.,

p.

130,

No. 30.

SECONDSSUE

Second enomination

93.

(1)

27mm. Bust

.,

ad.

Rev

Founder

loughing

.with

yoke

of

oxen;

he holds

n

1.

eagle-headed

cepter;

bove,

eagle

1.

with losed

wings

n

palm

branch,

reath

n

beak;

in

ex.,

wreath

between

alm

branches]

.

M.

Arab.,

.

127,

No. 15.

94.

(3)

26

mm.

Bust

.,

rad.

Rev.

Tyche

seated

1.;

above

her,

agle,

.,

wreath

n

beak.

B. M.

Arab.,

.

129,

No. 27.

95.

(1)

24

mm.

Inscription

llegible.

Bust

1.,

rad.

Rev.Obliterated.

Third enomination

*96. (1) 22mm. Bust .,rad.

Rev.

Two

busts f

Tyche

on-

fronted;

bove,

spread

agle,

r.; below,

ltar. B.

M.

Arab.,

p.

131,

Nos.

33,

34.



47/131

DURA

HOARDS

35

NESI BI

Severus Alexander

March11,222-March 9,235

As in

the case of

Edessa,

the

nscriptions

how

considerable

ariation nder

Alexanderwith

no

discernible

ignificance.

he

usual

form

n

the

obverses

AVTKAIM

PAVCAASEANPOCC

from

which

have

noted he

ollowing

eviations:

V and

AVTO

for

AVT,

K

and KA

for

KAI,

M for

MAP,

A

for

AV,

CS

for

,

C6B

for

. The aureate

eads re

of

better

tyle

nd

may

be

earlier.

The

reverse

nscription,

SIIKOAONSCIBIMHT

(ScTTt/zfoíóXovlasic)NiaißiM^rpóxoXtsaries nly

in sometimes

eading

MH,

MHTP or

MHTPO for

M

HT.

The bust f

Tyche

s

sometimes

ccompanied

by

one

star,

ometimes

y

two

and sometimes

y

two and

an

ear of

corn.

I have

recorded hese

varieties

hich

eem

o

be more

han

agaries

f

he

die-sinker;

ut f

they

re

separate

ssues here s

nothing

n

the

appearance

f the coins o

suggest

their rder.

*97.

100)

26-30mm.Head

r.,

aur.

Rev.

Bust f

Tyche, .;above,ram, .; in field., tar.

*98.

(31)

27-28mm.

Bust

.,

aur.

Rev.

ame.

*99.

(22)

26-29mm.Head

r.,

rad.

Rev.

ame.

*100.

(1)

28

mm. Head

1.,

aur.

Rev. ame.



48/131

36

THE

EIGHTH AND NINTH

*101.

(80)

26-29

mm.Head

r.,

aur.

Rev.

ame

ype;

n

field,

. nd

r.,

tars.

102. (5) 26mm. Bust ., aur.

Rev. ame.

103.

(14)

27-28mm.Head

r.,

ad.

Rev. ame.

*104.

(6)

27-29

mm.

Head

r.,

aur.

Rev. ame

ype;

nfield

.,

tar;

r.,

tar nd

ar

f

orn.

105.

(12)

26-29

mm.

Head

r.,

rad.

Rev

Same.

106.

(1)

27

mm.

Bust

.,

rad.

Rev. ame.

107.

142)

26-29mm.

Head

r.,

aur.

Rev.

ame

ype; ymbols

lleg-

ible.

108.

(7)

27

mm.

Bust

.,

aur.

Rev.

ame.

109.

(15)

27-29

mm.Head

r.f

ad.

Rev.

ame.

110.

(1)

27

mm.

Bust

.f

ad.

Rev.

ame.

Severus Alexander andJulia Mamaea

March

11,

222-March

9,

235

On none

of

our coins

s

the

obverse

nscription

complete.

t

certainly

ontained

he

names

f

both

Emperor

nd

Empress,

nd n

the aseof

he

ormer,

probably

howed

ariations

lready

amiliar.The

reversesre those f

Alexander.



49/131

DURA

HOARDS

37

111.

(7)

26-29

mm.Busts

f

Alexanders,

aur.,

nd

Mamaea

.,

onfronted.

Rev. ame

ype;

n

field,

.

nd

r., tars.

112.

(5)

27-28mm.

imilar,

ut Alexander

ad.;

Mamaeawith rescent

ehind

shoulders.

Rev.

ame.

*113.

(6)

27-29

mm.

imilar,

ut

Alexander

aur.;

Mamaea

without

rescent.

Rev. ame

type;

in field

1.,

star; .,

tar ndear

of

orn.

*114.

(1)

29

mm.

Similar,

ut Alexander

ad.;

Mamaeawith rescentehind

shoulders.

Rev.

ame.

Julia

Mamaea

March

11,

222-March

9,

235

The

obverse

nscription

s

always

O

V MAMSA

CSBACTH.

The

bust

without he

crescents of

better

tyle

nd

may

be

earlier.

The reverses

re

those f

Alexander.

*115. (23) 27-28mm.Bust .

Rev. ame

ype;

n

field

.,

tar.

*116.

(27)

26-28mm.

Bust . on

crescent.

Rev.

ame.

117.

(6)

26-30

mm.

ame.

Rev

Same

ype;

n

field,

. nd

r.,

tars.



50/131

38

THE EIGHTH

AND

NINTH

*118.

(6)

27-29mm. ame.

Rev

Same

type;

in

field

1.,

star;

. star nd ar

f orn.

Gordian

II

242-March,

44

These

coinsmust

ome after he

reconquest

f

this

erritory

romhe

Persiansn

242.

The obverse

is

AVTOKKMANTrOPAIANOCCS

r

CSB

the

re-

verse eilKOAONeCIBIMHT

withKOA sometimes

for

KOAO and

MH,

MHTP

or

MHTPO

forMHT.

The denomination

s

always

the

second,

he

first

being

eserved

or he

coinsof Gordian nd

Tran-

quillina ogether.

*119.

(20)

25-28

mm.Head

.,

aur.

Rev Bust f

Tyche,

.; above,

ram .

120.

(13)

26-29mm.Bust

.,

aur.

Rev.

ame.

*121.

(14)

25-27mm.Head

r.,

rad.

Rev. ame.

*122.

(9)

24-27mm.Head

1.,

aur.

Rev

Same.

Gordian II andTranquillina

242-March,

44

*123.

(2)

30

mm. AVTOKKMANTrOPAIAN-

ON CABTPANKVAAINAN-

C£B Busts

onfronted.

Rev. CSIIKOAONSCIBIM-

HTPO

Tyche

eated

.; bove,

ram .



51/131

DURA HOARDS 39

Philip,

Sr.

247-October,

49

The BritishMuseumdoes not attempt o dis-

tinguish

etween

hilip

r.

and

PhilipJr.

n

these

issues,

ut

he

division ere

made

eems o be borne

out

by

the

portraits.

he obverse

nscription

for

both)

s

invariably

VTOKKM 0YAII IIÏÏIOC-

C£B

(A

ùroKp&Tùìpmcap

M&picos

IoóXtos

ScjSaorós).

ince his

s tfie ormula

sed

n

Antioch

with etradrachms

f

Philip's

hird nd fourth on-

sulship

248,

49)

nd ince

hilip r.

lways ppears

at Nesibi

s

Augustus

247

according

o

Liebenam)

I assume hat all these ssues omefrom

he

ast

years

fthe

reign,

ertainly

otbefore4 .21

The reverse

nscription

or both

Philips

and

Otacilia

is

IOVCSIIKOAQNeCIBIMHT

showing

that

Philip

had

given

his name o the

colony

and

incidentally

eformedts

spelling).

The

only

aria-

tion

s

in

the case

of

No.

128where he

final is

omitted.

*124.

(11)

25-29mm.

Bust

.,

aur.

Rev.

Tetrastyleemple

within

which

Tyche

seated

facing;

aboveherhead, am .;at her

feet,

iver

od

.

*125.

(2)

25-27

mm.

Bust

1.,

aur.with

hield.

Rev

Same

*126.

(16)

25-27mm.Bust

.,

ad.

Rev

Same.

»

cf.

oards

, I,

pp.

0

.



52/131

40 THE

EIGHTH

AND NINTH

Otacília

247-October,

49

*127. (14) 25-28mm.Bust .oncrescent.

Rev

Same.

128.

(1)

27

mm. Same.

Rev.

imilar,

ut

without

iver

god.

Philip

Jr.

247-October,

49

*129.

(4)

25-27mm.Bust

.,

aur.

Rev. ame s

No.

124.

*130.

(29)

24-27mm.

Bust

.,

ad.

Rev. ame.

SINGARA

Gordian

II

242-March,

44

The

city

f

Singara

ssued

money

nly

uring

he

last

years

fGordian

II.

As the

asternmost

int

in

Mesopotamia

t

represents

he

full

xtent

f

his

campaign gainst

he Persians

nd there s little

doubt hat hese oinswere hieflyntendedo make

clear he

Emperor's

ontrol f the whole

egion

o

recently econquered.

But it

is

unlikely

hat

the

striking

was

actually

done on

the

spot.

The

extreme

imilarity

etween he oins f

Singara

nd

those fNesibi s

proof

hat he

amehands utthe

dies,

nd

the

dentity

f

tyle

s

strikingly

llustrated

by

themules f

No.

139

where second

bverse

s



53/131

DURA

HOARDS

41

used

by

mistake

or

a

reverse.

They

are

here

attributed

o

Singara

nly

n the

ground

hat here

are

more

f

Gordiani

coins

from

ingara

n

this

hoard han rom esibi uttheres nopossible ay

of

telling

where

hey

were

upposed

o circulate.

It

may

be that he

dieswere

ut n Nesibi

nd

sent

to

Singara,

ut

it seems

more

probable

hat the

pieces

were

ctually

mintedn theformer

own.

Gordiani

obverse

nscription

s

exactly

he ame

as

at Nesibi.

The

reverse

ype

differs

nly

n

the

substitution

f

Sagittarius

or he

ram

ver

Tyche's

head.

Thereverse

nscription

s AVP C£IIKOACIN-

TAPA.

The title

A

ůprjXla

resumably

efers

o

MarcusAureliusrLuciusVerus.

*131.

39)

24-29

mm.

Bust

.,

aur.

Rev.Bust

f

Tyche,

.;

above,

Sagittarius,

.

*132.

39)

25-28mm.

Head

r.f

ad.

Rev. ame.

*133.

(7)

25-27mm.Bust

.,

ad.

Rev

Same.

*134.

(9)

25-28mm.

Bust

.,

aur.

Rev

Same.

*135. (7) 25-27mm.Bust ., ad.

Rev. ame.

Tranquillina

242-October,

44

*136.

(13)

25-28

mm.

CABTPAN

VAAINAC6B

Bust .

Rev. ame.



54/131

42 THE

EIGHTH

AND

NINTH

Gordian

II and

Tranquillina

242-October,

44

Here,as at Nesibi, he Emperornd Empress

together

ppear

on

the first

enomination.

he

obverse

nscription

s the

ame.

*137.

(37)

30-33mm.Busts

onfronted,

ordianaur.

Rev.

Tyche

seated

1., above,

Saggitarius

.

*138.

(2)

the eighth and ninth dura hoards / by alfred r. bellinger

Documents