the effect of reward and motivation on student...

ISSN 2309-0081 Nazir, Hayat, Akhtar, Azam & Ashraf (2016)

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www.irss.academyirmbr.com August 2016

International Review of Social Sciences Vol. 4 Issue.8

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The Effect of Reward and Motivation on Student Achievement

IQRA NAZIR MBA; Department of Management Sciences

University of Education Lahore, Okara Campus, Pakistan

E-mail: [email protected]

HINA HAYAT MBA; Department of Management Sciences

University of Education Lahore (Okara Campus), Pakistan.


HAFIZ MUHAMMAD AZEEM AKHTAR BS (Mechanical Technology); Department of Applied Technology

Institute of Southern Punjab, Multan, Pakistan.


ASMAR AZAM Student of MBA; Department of Management Sciences

University of Okara, Pakistan

Email: [email protected]

AQSA ASHRAF MBA; Department of Management Sciences

University of Education Lahore, Okara Campus, Pakistan


Abstract

In this Research researcher find out the effect of reward and motivation on student achievement.

Researcher will use co-education, personal consequences and achievement orientation select as

independent variable and student achievements as dependent variable. Researcher will use descriptive

nature of research and collect data through questioners. Researcher target the population of Punjab

College, superior college, Pak College, and university of education okara campuses and collect data from

B.com, MBA and M.com. Researcher will select 150 Sample size in which male respondents are 61.3% and

female respondent are 38.7%.180 questioners were distributed and 150 were collected for analysis. Three

hypothesis were assumed and had been tested in this research. Researcher use statistical package for social

science SPSS for analysis the data. Researcher will use the correlation and regression analysis to find out

the effect of variable. Correlation Analysis shows that all variable are inter-correlated. From this analysis,

it is noted that co-education is positively strong effect on student achievements(r=0.324**, p<o.o1).

Hypothesis 1 (H1) there is a positive effect of co-education on student achievements is accepted according

to correlation analysis. Personal consequences are positive moderate effect on student

achievements(r=0.382**, P<o.o1). Hypothesis 3 (H3) Achievements orientation show the strong positive

effect on student performance(r=0.543**, p<0.01).Thus hypothesis H1, H2 and H3 were supported. In

addition the regression result shows that H1 (β=0.324) means that co-education has 32.4% effect on

student achievements.H1 positive effect of co-education on student achievements is accepted.H2 (β=0.382)

means that personal consequences has 38.2% effect on student achievements. H3 (β= 0.543) means that

achievements orientation has 54.3% effect on student achievements. Further recommendation for future

study and discussion of this results presented in the study.

Key Words: Reward, Motivation, Student, Achievement.

mailto:[email protected]





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Introduction

Education system changed in the 21 century and explain the knowledge, information report, ideas goals

achievements, learning style, new ideas of learning, motivation and new theories of goals, appear education

in technology have been explain. The researcher explore the goals and ideas and research on the topic has

received more attention. Elementary education help to develop sectors of education and consider to the arch

for development of other part of education.it provides the opportunity of quality education and a staging

from which to proceed to greater education or professional work.it has been a challenge for secondary

school to integrate relevant skills, behavior, knowledge, and experience in the teaching learning process and

as to direction student needs. Some student learn English better as compare to others even if they are given

the same opportunity. It is observe that student are not doing well in government primary school in

education. Pakistan government lose the confidence in education system. Language learning is a complex

process and student face the language barrier and this barrier require great efforts, increase and focus on

motivation. Various factor relating to learning situation include teaching method achievement goals play

their role in education (Rahman, 2015).

Individual enjoy various learning style in many cases they have less impact on learner achievements,

Learning style, and learning environment. Learning style play an important role in all the subject, present

study make a relationship between learning style and learning achievement. Learning environment very

person to person due to psychological (Abidi, 2011).

The study find the effect of motivation on high academic achievement, and help to find the high academic

achievement and correlation between academic and motivation. There are a positive relation between

motivation and high academic achievement enhance the student performance (Adom, 2014).

Boys and girls receive the benefits from co-education institute Coeducation system increase the

confidence, and create the relationship among the student help to achieve the goals, and academic

achievement. Girl‟s achievement are better as compare to boys. Within the last few year educational

institute are better perform in education. Biological and physiological theories explain the difference

between the boys and girls performance (Jules, 1997).

The boy “promote an achievements project which target a different issues related to boys and girls in

United Kingdom. This report show some of the difficulty within in debates, and explores different

perception about boys under achievements and challenges some misconceptions. Working with over

primary, secondary and special school in United Kingdom for four years related to issues. We have to find

strategies, which help to explain the possible differences between boys and girls learning, and motivation

achievements, and continuous raise the level of academic achievement. These strategies have been evaluate

in different school; try to identify their main characteristics (Gray, 2015).

Foreign language impact on student performance, behavior, and achievements. Some factors effect on

student performance. Correlation relation among the teacher expectation and student performance they have

a Positive impact on student performance. Some factors contribute and facilitate the student achievements

.faculty works together and develop a relationship between teacher and principal. Relationship have many

components and create values in groups and individual. Daily interpersonal relation with principal are

necessary to gain and support to teacher (Kritsonis, 2006).

Accountability and student achievement are popular term among educator. Student achievement and

standardize test show the high quality instruction of teachers. Quality of teacher check through the

performance of the student in classroom. United state school check the performance of the student through

the mandated test given the every year. Through the test, evaluate the teacher and student performance,

what taught in the classroom? Show the both person performance (Bates, 2008).


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Society, parents, family help the student to achieve the goals many efforts are help to achieve the targets.

Social support the learning of the student some scholar use two approaches for academic achievements 1st

one is social support and academic press are not competitive should be view as complementary. Social

support means some sources of aids and help to achieve the social learning achievement, the personal

relationship that students have with people who may help them do well in school. Student support have

many several sources like parents support and teacher encourage and care in school as individual, and help

the student to do well in school even Nabors and society leader support are help to academic achievements.

Social support create confidence, motivation for student to achievements. Social support work as a role

model, convey the importance of learning, and show how the academic success is achievements. Of course,

the student may not receive the academic achievement for example student peers groups may create a social

achievements.

No doubt, today education is the most powerful development priority area in the world. The center purpose

of the education is human development. The educated person who is the well aware the culture, society,

and political environment is anticipated to valuable assets to the society than another individual who is

illiterate and perhaps ignorant. All over the world, why researcher and scholar continue to do research into

a way of improving knowledge and human development. Debate on education and human development are

so boring exercise. The social, political, and technological, which bring about a high innovation in human

development, and knowledge. Debate on education and human development are exciting and unending.

Achievements is an outcome of instruction (Ogundokun, 2010).

Problem Background

Research on impact of reward system on motivation and academic achievement of student.co-education

effect on student performance there are some disadvantages of co-education. Student involve in some other

activates like attraction of the opposite sex they effect the individual student and 2nd

effect student involve

in some other irrelevant activities and even can get in crime. Irrelevant activates at very young age involve

in affairs, sexual harassments, and physical relation which involve to destroy the student life .most of the

institute implement the co-education system and no proper check and balance and negative use of the

education system it can be very dangerous.

There are many advantages and disadvantages according to different thoughts. According to Islamic roles

and regulation co-education is not allow.co education initially introduce the contradiction thoughts among

male and femail.co education institute look like a club, the co-education system more and more popular

amongst the Pakistan and India.it is very common in the western world but now it is being adopted in all

over the world. Pakistan is an Islamic state, there is no open culture, and female student hesitate to asking

the question to mail teacher and the problem effect on study. On the other hand student misuse the concept

of co-education and developing attraction to opposite genders. Schooling has many purposes higher level of

schooling are associated with higher earning, better health. Student learn some new skills, knowledge and

abilities to help make a decision and learn more.

Class size effect on student performance because teacher give more attention on every individual

performance. However, what does the research show? Some researcher not show a connection between

class size and student performance. However, most of the researcher show the connection between the class

size and student performance show that class size reduction well designed and implement in the primary

class, and class size reduce the student achievement. Primary level boost the student academic achievement,

number of student not more than 20 in each class under the 1 teacher supervision. Reducing the class size

have little effect as compare well qualify teacher. Today there is a big issue in government school, there are

a large number of student under the only one teacher supervision.in each classroom above 50 to 60 student

but one teacher handle all the student this method effect the student performance reduce the number of

student in class and increase the achievements of student. Class size fall as below to 20 student, because

teacher have a direct and positive impact on student achievements, performance and knowledge.


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There are some issues effect on student achievements like social media, Facebook, mobile phone, twitter,

what sup. They are the negative effect on student performance. Student most of the time spent on social

media and share known and unknown contacts. However, various student participate in different activates,

depending on the background and personalities. Today student not focus on book reading most of the time

spend on different networking activities, teacher give an assignment on different topics student copy past

data on net and not focus on book reading. Facebook is a time wasting activities.

Motivation are important factor to student success and have a positive effect on student performance. The

use of reward, which is so common they have a negative effect on student learning and undermines the

intrinsic motivation in children. The research show that rewards given in school like treat trophies sticker

have a negatively effect on student learning. The use of reward leads to less learning, less creative work and

little desire to return a project that was once heavily motivating .Traditionally reward use in especial

education system they have a negative effect, student of special education derive a negative effect of reward

on student. The solution to the problem to reduce the external rewards, increase the intrinsically motivation.

They are develop a strategies to help and design an intrinsically motivation. Intrinsically motivation are

important for the student achievements. As a result, the idea began to emerge that extrinsic motivators may

have a negative. As a result, the idea began to emerge that extrinsic motivators may have a negative effect

on a person's internal motivation. Since many of the rewards given in school are extrinsic motivators,

school became the setting for a large body of research. During the last 50 years, researchers have

thoroughly investigated the effects of rewards on all aspects of school.

Feininger and Carl smith (1959) found that the payment of money to college students to lie about enjoying

a dull learning task did little to change the student's opinion of the task. Similarly, Deci (1971; 1972)

discovered that money as a reward has detrimental effects on motivation. Intrinsically motivated college

students became less motivated when paid money as a reward. On the other hand, when intrinsically

motivated students were praise as a reward, their motivation was enhance. In addition, in 1972 Deci found

that when a person perceives a reward to be more that what are the warranted for a given situation, the

person puts forth more effort in an activity. The type and amount of a reward have an effect on motivation

and performance.

Problem Statements

How the student achievements has signifies relationship among the achievements orientation, coeducation,

and personal consequences.

Objectives of the study

1. To examine the effect of co-education on student achievements.

2. To determine the effect of personal consequences on student achievements.

3. To evaluate the effect of achievements orientation on student achievements.

Research Question

1. What is the effect of co-education on student achievements?

2. What is the effect of personal consequences on student achievements?

3. What is the effect of achievements orientation on student achievements?

Significance

Reward and motivation effect on student performance, it is known in every day experience that motivation

interest an important place in human learning. The term motivation is used to express the springiness

action, they negative and acquired. Directly it means begin or convince movements. Motivation may also


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denote passion, incentives, drives, wish or satisfaction. Motivation is competent only when it gives a mental

set toward learning. Co-education means of achieve knowledge of boys and girls in same school under the

same roof.it means admitting the same education from both boys and girls as well as girls without any

differences.co-education means girls and boys study together. The boys and girls where given both

academic and the physical education well organized. They were both compete in education and sports and

other extracurricular activates.in Pakistan also more and more co-education schooling are being well-

established.co-education increase the confidence in both boys and girls.co-education have a positive effect

on student achievements, and some advantage of co-education system.1st advantage is boys and girls study

together and there will not be any need for opening separate school for girls. Pakistan is a poor country and

cannot afford a separate school, colleges and universities for the student.co-education is economical system

and study boys and girls together and the same teacher. Co-education develop a competition among the

students, and student feel save in school environment. They will have develop a balance of their

personality. They do not use an abuse and harsh language wit girls. They are also dressed and talk with

manners; same the girls will also use decant behaver and talk with manners .According to this system

against our tradition. They think that in this system, both boys and girls will spoil, but these arguments not

base on truth. Today the world is change fast woman given equal status with man.

Literature Review

The review of research was conduct to examine the effect of reward and motivation on student

achievements for special and general education. A major variable co-education, personal consequences and

achievement orientation its impact on student achievements. Researcher use the upper and lower level

secondary school. Data was conduct through questioners and result show positive and negative effect. The

expecting motivation include in decision to commence breastfeeding. Protective decision process identify

the practices, motivation as a favorable and unfavorable factors.it is important to judge motivation on the

continental expecting woman for because it an important element of breastfeed. The study of motivation

helps us to understand the logic that include this behavior and therefore support some action to promote.

Intrinsic and extrinsic motivation breastfeed keeps the psychometric qualities when applied to Portuguese‟s

population using the cognate theory.to translate the, conform and approve the intrinsic and extrinsic

motivation to breastfeed scale on the Portuguese population. Methods: the study made in two phases.1:

explain by independent translators, review by experts and applied to 10 mothers to access culture

adjustment. 2:weight of content using a factual principal items analysis using more maxi rotation on a

sample of 300 Portuguese woman means age 30.21, 75% prosperous 84% living with partner and urban

areas. The study admit that the translated report of extrinsic and intrinsic motivation scale to breastfeed can

be valid and reliable measurement tool, in accessing the motivation to breastfeed to the Portuguese

population (Sardoa, 2016).

The purpose of the study to find out the relationship between the achievement motives of secondary school

student and achievements motive and gender class, parents education, and income level of the family.in the

city Karrabul 151 student study in high school in the academic year of 2010-2011. Model use in this study,

data collecting tool develop through the achievement motive scale (2004).the arithmetic mean of the views

of the student about the scale of achievement motivation has been to determine 3.74.the views of the

student about the scale of achievement motivation has been shown a significant relation according to class

level but significant did not show any difference according to mother education, gender, family income,

father. Education. Finding of study base on suggestions for increasing the achievement motivations of the

student towards geography curriculum have been develop (Coşkun, 2011). The purpose of the research to

study the effects of positive reinforces on the academic behavior of disable middle school student. The lack

of intrinsic motivation have a negative effect on disable student performance.in this study teacher have also

difficulty in extrinsic motivated students to submitted homework assignment, but teacher help to us the

intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. This research project explain the positive reinforce on disable student

who participate in learning strategies lesson. (Mirabella, 2013).


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The purpose of the research to find out the relationship among the awarding the career pay, teacher

motivation, and student achievements .this study needed to answer the following questions? (1) What is a

difference between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation of those teacher who receive a career pay as against to

those who do not receive a career pay? Student achievements is high in reading and mathematics during

class teacher where teacher receive career pay and against to those teacher who do not receive a career pay.

In year 2009 according to U.S.A department of education projection, the school system will face a 2-2.5

million-teacher shortage. Some 200,000 new teacher enter in profession annually. Career pay best method

to retain and attract an excellent teacher. A questioner was used to intrinsic and extrinsic motivation of

teacher‟s .specifically, questioner used as an instruments because to help in check the performance of

intrinsic and extrinsic motivation who teacher receive a career pay against to those who did not receive a

career pay. Conclusion of this study to career pay to that teacher do not effect the student performance

against to those who do not receive a career pay (McKinne, 2000).

The purpose of the study to find the relationship among the student achievements and motivation as well as

male and female‟ cognitive achievement in secondary school economics in laden north local government

council of Oyo state. The population for the study was make up a local government student in the entire

area .two instrument are established and valid by the researcher administered on the subject. The resulting

data using the correlation and T-test result show a positive relation with student cognitive achievements like

gender has no effect on cognitive achievements in economic. The study show the result of there is no

difference in cognitive achievement in economic on gender basis. All student have the equal access and

opportunities to the study of economics. There is no discrimination on the basis of sex and family

background have given the equal encouragement (Durowoju, 2011)

The purpose of the study to find the result about reward base performance of teacher in private secondary

school in Kampala district. The main objective of the study to find how the reward effect on teacher

performance and student achievements. Performance base reward used in private secondary school in

Kampala and performance base reward effect on teacher performance in those school. The study was based

on questioners, interview, and documentary review of the selected literature. The study use both techniques

qualitative and quantitative, through this techniques data collection and was analyzed using descriptive and

relational statistics with correlation coefficient and regression analysis. The study related to performance

base reward in private secondary school are public appreciation, promotion, packages and duty allowances

and overtime pay. Performance base reward effect on teacher performance because this strategies increase

the productivity, efficiency and help to motivate the teacher. Reward base on fair, accurate evaluation

system and its effect on beneficiary. Furthermore, the nature of performance base reward system in school

essence of ensuring that teacher are a prime components in the success of any school administratively and

academically .administrators should be train and sharpen about the value of performance base reward

system and also be aware that pay motivates teachers to perform at their best (Kirunda, 2004).

An analysis of contemporary theory implement on talented or gifted student. The expectancy value

framework intrinsic and extrinsic motivation, goal orientations, self-efficacy or self –perception theory are

implement on psychology and education of gifted or talented student. The purpose of the study to analyze a

contemporary theory of motivation on talented or education student. Study on motivation and talented

student selected an experimental research, will be used to illustrate the theory and implications. A class

base motivation model will be discussing about application of motivation theories on gifted students.

Contemporary motivation theories arise from cognitive perspective. Theories and motivation modal relate

to achievements task or setting, theories generated and explain the value of psychology and education of

gifted student. (Clinkenbeard 2012).

One of the biggest hurdles when teacher motivate the student in classroom to complete work. Traditional

use this method of intrinsic reward to motivate, encourage a student to participate in classroom. In 21

century, youngest people prefer an extrinsic reward like pay check for the work that they do. This study

was conducted two academic year and two different school. Student are divided in two groups,

experimental group offered a pizza as a reward if they scored 80% marks or above on a unit. Control group


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are not offered a reward. The student were taught the same material and the same day and given an

identical assessment. The data collected from the study show that a positive result offered a reward increase

the student performance/student scores during the 2010-2011 school year. The result show that the extrinsic

reward method increase the student (Varg, 2009).

This study find out the effect of motivational on vocational students „physical activates and enjoyment

level. Participate were 84 ninth grades(boys 53 and girls 31)aged 14 to 16 years from eight different school

districts who attend a vocational school in England. Result indicate that the sample vocational student

receive a high motivational climate. Increasing physical enjoyment activates have a positive impact on

prevention on future rates of obesity and the negative health implication that often accompany it data

collected through questioners which include information on age, prior school system ,and prior experience

in physical education, use Epstein‟s TARGET variables to create a mastery motivational climate. The result

from the study indicated a high post-test mastery motivational climate and a physical enjoyment level

(Hohengasser, 2014).

The research conduct an evidence related to teacher motivation issues in Nigeria. Stakeholder recommend a

teacher motivation issues among primary school teacher in Nigeria. School system no higher in quality than

the teacher motivation and commitment level within the limit. Job context, reward system for teacher there

is a term of teacher motivation crisis in Nigeria school (Adelabu, 2005).

Educational psychologists, social psychologists and many other individuals have been widely research on

intrinsic motivation. Many ways and definition to measure an intrinsic motivation in operational terms.

Goal of past research to define the factor or find what type of relationships it has to other constructs

intrinsic motivation can be better identified and less abstract, extrinsic factor need to be identify. What area

in life intrinsic motivation effect? If a positive effect is found than there is need to be an expression of

intrinsic factor or and a depression of extrinsic factors (Shia, 2015).

The purpose of the research was to evaluate the outcomes of a signal sex program at an elementary school.

Evaluation criteria were (1) girls and boys feelings about being signal sex and co-education

classes.(2)teacher behaviors (3)student achievements (4)student attendance (5)student misbehavior.

ANOVAs conduct a comparisons related to signal sex male class and signal sex female class. In addition,

teacher behavior evaluate through the Hopkins observation report form. Observe the teacher behavior in

signal class and co-educational class and using ANOVAs report in three areas interaction, influence, and

verbal message. This research conduct a result there is no difference in teacher behavior use in co-education

class and signal sex class environment. Student achievement was evaluate using pre and posttest scores

from the tests for higher standards by Flanagan & motto (1999) and (Hopkin, 2001).

The study find the impact of socioeconomic status on the academic achievements of secondary school

students, involve a government and private school located in Delhi and totally 15 school were finalized.

Normative survey method upon 450samples from class 5th

was utilize to gather the data. The study show

the difference between high and low class socioeconomic status groups. Based on these findings, some

recommendations were given with great implications for both practice and further studies (Preeti, 2015).

NCLB in 2004 public school have not only established signal sex school but also have also establish with

co-education school. Means to provide support to low achieving student many of who reside in urban

settings signal sex environment help to reduce gender stereotypes students‟ encounter in co-educational

settings. This results indicate that sixth and eighth grade cohort female coed student were more likely to

pass the GCRCT in mathematics than their peers in the other instructional settings. Results also indicated

over three year period female students of the sample group enrolled in coed classes, and students of the

cohort group enrolled in a signal sex school had largest gain on the GCRCT in mathematics (Ogden, 2011).

We determine the effect of signal sex classes on coeducational university. The variable include in pass rate,

grades of student and their field of study. Researcher use the sampling technique to collect the data from all


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male and female student. Study examine there is no effect of signal sex education on male and female

student (Universit, 2013).

This research examined the effect of school type, sex and location on student academic performance in

Ekiri state secondary school, the sample of the study consists of 40 secondary school. The school sample

had presented candidates for both West Africa Examination council and national examination council sex,

location, and academic performance inventory was use to collect data for the study. Data collected and

analyzed through t-test statistics. Three null hypotheses were generate and tested at 0.05 level of

significance (Adigun, 2010).

The research observe hat gender is most powerful force in human institutions, including education.

Women‟s colleges have asserted that such institutions offer equitable and higher quality education, and

develop a powerful learning environment .signal sex colleges are not an out dated fashioned for women.

Data collected through survey of student engagement. The sample of the study consists of 42, 112 women

undergraduate student (Palmer).

The purpose of the research find out the effect of co-curricular involvement on the need of cognition. I

analyzes the relationship between co-curricular involve in cognition while controlling sex, race, pretest,

precollege academic motivation, academic ability. I also analyzed sex, or the type of institution students

and effect of involvement on the need of cognition. The main effect of model on the involvement on the

need for cognition to be statistically non-significant. Future research include replicating the current study

and find the impact of specific co-curricular involvement, this study is qualitative study discover what

students are gaining from co-curricular involvement , looking for additional conditional effects, and

exploring what other collage experiences impact the need for cognition (Nicol, 2011).

This can be prove through study show a positive relationship between support teachers by improving

emotional and behavioral adjustment. Therefore, good planning interferences in school can help student of

social problems. The recommendation that students need to collaborate with each other in the learning

action and cultivate related help and interact in bring out various activates. This does not directly change

the behavior and motivation of students in the classroom. The student and teacher play an important role in

student motivation. The importance of building student and teacher relationship is more interested to

students to learn, student to teacher unity, improve the student achievement and more motivated students.

responsibility of teacher to reduce the negative emotions feeling among the student like anger ,sadness,

dissatisfaction ,boredom fear ,and always encouraging, positive emotions such as confidence ,enjoyed,

appreciated and safe .this method increase the student motivation .teacher also serve to direction student

behavioral problems through the diversification of teaching strategies ,planning and courage the delivery of

change. The purpose of the study was to find whether there is an important relationship between the aspect

of student teacher communication on behavior and academic aspect of student motivation. The student

sample consists of 92 students, study design in the form of quantitative correlation. (Ilias, 2012).

This paper analyze the effect of enrollment size on student achievement also analyze the effect of small

learning communities, or small school show an average academic achievement, school enrollment size has

a small but no substantive effect on student academic achievement (Bullard, 2011).

This study conform that class size reduction does provide an environment in which a teacher can teach

differently.in smaller class size teacher interact with individually and provide a great variety of instructional

strategies. The outcomes and behavior trends to support teachers teach a small class size more effectively

and competitively.in smaller class student learn more academically and they are engage with each other.

But the research also suggest that the full gains of class size reduction cannot be effect on student

achievement if it is implement without paying attention to other factors that support innovative practices.

Most important factor include teachers and student work together and use curriculum, teacher opportunity

to learn new strategies (Robertson, 2014).


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The researcher says about the class size is a popular policy to measure with parents, teacher, and

policymakers. Research show that reducing class size leads to, in most cases they effect on student

achievement. Policymakers should be aware that reducing class size can be costly, is no guarantee of

improvement, and is only one of many possible reforms (Jepsen, 2015).

The purpose of the study to find out the impact of class size reduction (CSR) on student achievements

among 3rd

,4th

,5th

grade of student in different number of years. Student program assessed using score from

the SAT reading, mathematics, and language achievement test .focus on student achievement measure

through SAT and comparing the three group of student who participated in CSR from 0 to 3 years. Data

support the hypothesis that longer exposure to CSR result in higher achievement in reading and language.

Class size effect on student achievement, this data show the result small class size approximately increase

one quarter of standard deviation. Future research find the impact of teacher characteristics on student

achievement. The proposed analyses will link result from classroom observation to individual teachers and

heir student‟s actual achievement results (Fidler, 2001).

The purpose of the study was to investigate factors which contribute in student academic achievement in

junior secondary schools in Botswana since 2010.data collected through the questioners, and participate a

200 student data were analyzed using the computer package known as statistical package for the social

sciences (SPSS) version 15.several factors can contribute toward students unpreparedness for the

examinations. Furthermore, the finding of the study have implication for research and practices (Luke,

2015).

This thesis find the relationship of class size to student performance in rural state. The primary goal of the

research was to determine if small class resulted compare with large size class student. The targeted high

school math and English classes average of 11 student in the small class size and large class size 20 student,

the class size critical influence in student achievements one would to expect to see significant differences

between student who were educated in classes nearly twice as large as other classes. This study conclude

that there was in such difference.in tem of academic achievement, with the expectation of 10 grade math

score, the large class student perform better as compare to smaller classes (Kornfeld, 2009).

The purpose of the research to determine the value and impact of student teacher interaction effect on

student motivation and achievements. The result of the study would add to the body of knowledge and

resource available and influence student success. The result of the study find that teacher relationship effect

on student success, positive correlations between teacher student interaction and motivation analyze

through the Pearson correlation.it a negative relationship between motivation and achievement. The result

of the study suggest the need of the teachers to be provide with appropriate resources to meet the needs of

the their student behind academic instruction.it also suggests providing students and teachers with

measurable, attainable goals to create experiences with the exposure to success (Nugent, 2009).

Researcher explore the influence of class behavior on reading and math achievement and the influence of

teacher perceptions on reading and math achievement. Data collected by researcher from 1st, 3rd and 8

th

grade student in which both male and female student include. Results shows that classroom behavior

inventory influence on student achievement (Flynt, 2008).

Study investigate the effect of field trip oriented instruction on 9th

grade student‟s achievements that link

with animal diversity unit, and continuing and academic motivation. Researcher divide their sample size in

two groups named are controlled group and experimental group. Respectively 34 and 53 are taken as

sample size, which total is 87 student from different private high school in Ankara. Researcher use

questioners for data collection. Result show the positive influence on student academic achievements

(Görmez, 2014).

Researcher explore the effect of environment demographic factor effecting student motivational believes

and goal tendency. Researcher use questioners for collection of data and 208 students are taken by sample


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size of 6th

grades elementary school student data as analyzed by variance results of shows that there is a

difference between demographic factors and motivational tendency (Niemivirt, 2008).

Models of Variables

I.V D.V

D.V

Figure: 1 conceptual framework of the student achievements

Researcher find out the variables from past study and arrange as a research model, which is discuss from

previous research paper. These variables are introduce from past research papers as different researchers

introduced in their studies (Rahma, 2015)/.

On the basis of above research objectives, the study framed the following research hypothesis.

Hypothesis 1: There is a positive effect of coeducation on student achievements.

Hypothesis 2: There is a positive effect of personal consequences on student achievements.

Hypothesis 3: There is a positive effect of achievement orientation on student achievements.

Research Methodology

Different methods are we by the researchers to conduct their research. This method include exploratory,

explanatory, descriptive. In this study researcher use descriptive research method to find out the effect of

reward and motivation on student performance.

Area of the Study

Punjab collage Okara campus, Education University, Pak College, superior college okara campus is

selected as a population. Researcher target B.com, MBA, M.COM, student for this study in which 40% are

female and 60% are male student.

Sample Size and Sampling Techniques

This study consists 150-sample size, and include a B.com, MBA, M.com student as a sample size.

Mostly researcher use probability and non-probability techniques for collection of data. This study use

sample random sampling techniques, which is a part of probability sampling.

Coeducation

Personal consequences

Achievement Orientation

Student

Achievement


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Data Collection

Mostly researcher use the several methods for collection of data .this methods are interviews observation,

survey, and questioners. Data is collected from Punjab collage Okara campus B.com students through

questioners.

Data Collection Tool

In this study, quantitative survey will be used for collection of data. A survey is a procedure to collect

primary data from respondent through questioners .The research will be use the questioners for collection

of data. Research questioners is a 5 Likert scale and base on previous studies.

The study of co-education effect on student academic performance of male and female co -education has

become popular in all over the world it has been widely spread due to encourage girls access to encourage

girls against traditional attitude that hindered their performance (Kachero, 2014). Currently in the 21th

century, there has been major shift in the structure of families. With the shift of financial responsibilities

many families are unable to support their children when it became to parent‟s involvements in school in the

traditional seen. Parents as well as support are involved in education and socially (Smith, 2011).

Achievement orientation is the first belief of motivation it includes purpose, success, ability, effort and

slandered. However, these all factor are vary individual to individual because of their level of interests

Data Analysis Tool

This program include statistical package for social sciences. This study use Statistical package for social

sciences (SPSS) to analyze the data, correlation and regression will be used.

Data Analysis

Correlation regression and reliability analysis are used to find out the effect of reward and motivation on

student achievements.

Table 1: Correlation of the variable.

coeducation

Personal

consequences

Achievements

orientation

Student

achievements

Coeducation Pearson Correlation 1

Sig. (2-tailed)

N 150

Personal

consequences

Pearson Correlation .572**

1

Sig. (2-tailed) .000

N 150 150

Achievements

orientation


.494**

1

Sig. (2-tailed) .000 .000

N 150 150 150

Student

achievements


.382**

.543**

1

Sig. (2-tailed) .000 .000 .000

N 150 150 150 150

**. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).


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In this study researcher use Pearson correlation analysis which indicate the direction, strength and

significance of by variate relationship among co-education, personal consequences, achievements

orientation, student achievements. (umasekaran)Table 1 show the correlation Analysis and all the variables

are inter-correlated. From this analysis, it is noted that co-education is positively strong effect on student

achievements(r=0.324**, p<o.o1). Hypothesis 1 (H1) there is a positive effect of co-education on student

achievements is accepted cording to correlation analysis. Hypothesis 2 (H2) also supported. Personal

consequences are positive moderate effect on student achievements(r=0.382**, P<o.o1). Hypothesis 3 (H3)

Achievements orientation show the strong positive effect on student performance(r=0.543**, p<0.01).

Reliability Analysis

Table 4, the level of Cronbach‟s Alpha more than 0.7 (Farah Liyana Bustamama, 2014) in this study

Cronbach‟s Alpha 0.908 with 26 items which shows the excellent results.

Regression Analysis

According to the regression analysis model show an excellent results R (.557)

Table 2

Model R R Square Adjusted R Square Std. Error of the Estimate

1 .557a .310 .296 1.60632

a. Predictors: (Constant), achievements orientation, coeducation, personal consequences

Table 3

Model

B

Std. Error

Standardized

Coefficients

Beta

t

Sig

H1 6.191

.084

.873

.020

.324

7.094

4.170

.000

.000

H2 6.074

.294

.750

.058

.382

8.094

5.029

.000

.000

H3 4.149

.237

.727

.030

.543

5.705

7.869

.000

.000

Table 3 shows that H1 beta value is .324means that co-education has 32.4% effect on student achievements.

Here t value is 7.094 t value is increase the significant level is .000 which is less than 0.05 so H1 is a

positive effect of co-education on student achievements is accepted.

H2 beta value is .382 means that personal consequences has 38.2% effect on student achievements t value

is 8.094 increase the significant level is .000 which is less than 0.05.H2 is a positive effect of personal

consequences on student achievements is accepted.

H3 beta value is .543 means that achievements orientation has 54.3% effect on student achievements here t

value is 5.705 t value is increase the significant level is .000 which is less than 0.05 achievements

orientation has a positive effect on student achievements is accepted.

Reliability Statistics

Cronbach's Alpha N of Items

.908 26

Unstandardized Coefficients


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Conclusion

Several ways are used to increase the student achievements/performance. One of the best way is to increase

the motivation level among the student this study shows that motivation has a positive effect on student

achievements. If students are motivated through rewards their motivation level as well as their performance

increase. Co-education also shows the positive effect on student achievements because they perform their

tasks in time.co-education increase the level of completion because everyone want to compete with each

other and want to get good result. Personal consequences shows the positive effect on student achievement.

Personal consequences include parent‟s involvements, class environment and personal interest these all

factors increase or decrease the performance of student. Achievements orientation show a positive effect on

student achievements. If students are properly, introduce or interact with their desired objective or goals

than they perform batter.

Recommendation

Researcher conduct this study in country of Pakistan and province of Punjab and Okara city. This study is

limited according to geographical area. Researcher recommended that same study be conducted in Punjab

college of Lahore, Shaiwal, Multan, and superior colleges of Multan Sahiwal and Lahore. Research also

recommended those financial conditions, Teacher‟s coordination and domestics‟ culture.

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