The Eastern Empire The Eastern Empire Survives and Survives and

Europe EmergesEurope Emerges

The Empire SplitsThe Empire Splits

Roman Empire Roman Empire had been divided had been divided into East/West by into East/West by Diocletian Diocletian

Eastern Portion Eastern Portion with the capital at with the capital at Constantinople, Constantinople, became the became the center for center for Christianity Christianity

Fall of RomeFall of Rome

Western portion of Western portion of the Roman empire the Roman empire including Rome is including Rome is overrun by overrun by invasion of invasion of Germanic groups Germanic groups around 450-470around 450-470

Eastern portion Eastern portion remains untouchedremains untouched

                        

Germanic KingdomsGermanic Kingdoms Germanic Germanic

kingdoms began kingdoms began popping up all over popping up all over the western portion the western portion of the old Roman of the old Roman Empire.Empire.

Western Europe Western Europe experienced time experienced time of chaos, disorder, of chaos, disorder, and darkness under and darkness under Germanic ruleGermanic rule

Germanic DestructionGermanic Destruction Germans considered Germans considered

barbarians and brutal barbarians and brutal conquerors; murdering, conquerors; murdering, raping, and turning raping, and turning victims into slavesvictims into slaves

The great cities and city The great cities and city systems of the old systems of the old empire fell apartempire fell apart

Little trade or Little trade or communication existed communication existed with other areas of the with other areas of the worldworld

Food production dropped Food production dropped causing starvation and causing starvation and reports of cannibalismreports of cannibalism

Germanic DestructionGermanic Destruction

Learning nearly Learning nearly disappeared in the disappeared in the barbarian Westbarbarian West

Most people grew Most people grew up illiterateup illiterate

Only the Catholic Only the Catholic Church provided Church provided hope or security for hope or security for the people.the people.

Germanic SocietyGermanic Society Only Germanic Kingdom to Only Germanic Kingdom to

last long was lead by last long was lead by Clovis who had converted Clovis who had converted to Christianity around 500 to Christianity around 500 winning himself support winning himself support from the Roman Catholic from the Roman Catholic ChurchChurch

Germans and Romans Germans and Romans intermarried creating a intermarried creating a new society with new new society with new customscustoms

Extended families center Extended families center of German society living of German society living together and working together and working togethertogether

Germanic JusticeGermanic Justice

German concept of German concept of family affected crime family affected crime and punishmentand punishment

Germanic laws were Germanic laws were personal and often led personal and often led to blood shedto blood shed

Wergild (money for a Wergild (money for a man) wrongdoers man) wrongdoers literally paid for their literally paid for their crimescrimes

Ordeal-physical trial Ordeal-physical trial based on diving based on diving interventionintervention

                                                       

The ChurchThe Church

End of the 4End of the 4thth century Christianity century Christianity is the supreme is the supreme religion of the religion of the Roman Empire.Roman Empire.

The church The church develops a system develops a system of organizationof organization

Organization of the Organization of the ChurchChurch

Pope-leader of the Pope-leader of the Catholic ChurchCatholic Church

Archbishop-leader of Archbishop-leader of multiple bishopsmultiple bishops

Bishop-leader of a Bishop-leader of a group of parishesgroup of parishes

Pope had various Pope had various powers and would powers and would later become involved later become involved in politics (Pope in politics (Pope Gregory I)Gregory I)

                                

MonksMonks

Monasteries begin Monasteries begin popping uppopping up

Monks isolated Monks isolated themselves themselves concentrating on concentrating on work and prayer.work and prayer.

CharlemagneCharlemagne Frankish king from 768-Frankish king from 768-

814.814. Strong warrior and Strong warrior and

statesmenstatesmen Strongly supported Strongly supported

learning even though he learning even though he was illiteratewas illiterate

Expanded Frankish Expanded Frankish Kingdom creating the Kingdom creating the Carolingian EmpireCarolingian Empire

800 crowned emperor of 800 crowned emperor of Rome symbolizing coming Rome symbolizing coming together Christian Rome together Christian Rome and the Germanics.and the Germanics.

                                                                

Empire FallsEmpire Falls

Charlemagne’s Charlemagne’s empire falls apart empire falls apart after his death in after his death in 814814

Various groups Various groups invade including invade including Muslims, Magyars, Muslims, Magyars, and Vikingsand Vikings

                                      

FeudalismFeudalism

FeudalismFeudalism

Invaders caused a threat to peopleInvaders caused a threat to people Aristocrats and nobles expected to provide protectionAristocrats and nobles expected to provide protection Leads to political and social idea of feudalismLeads to political and social idea of feudalism

                           

FeudalismFeudalism

Germanic society used the idea of vassalageGermanic society used the idea of vassalage Man who served a lord militarily was a vassalMan who served a lord militarily was a vassal Wealth based on landownership so when Wealth based on landownership so when

nobles wanted men to fight for them they nobles wanted men to fight for them they granted them a fiefgranted them a fief

Vassal would have political authority over fief Vassal would have political authority over fief and be responsible for keeping orderand be responsible for keeping order

Feudal contracts determined the relationship Feudal contracts determined the relationship between lord and vassalbetween lord and vassal

Feudal ObligationsFeudal Obligations

Kings

Lords

Knights

Serfs

Vassal to Lord: military service, advice, financial obligation

Lord to Vassal: land grant, protect him militarily and in court

England in the Middle England in the Middle AgesAges

Anglo-Saxon kings Anglo-Saxon kings ruled England up ruled England up until the 9until the 9thth century century

1066 William of 1066 William of Normandy defeats Normandy defeats King Harold of King Harold of England at Battle England at Battle HastingsHastings

William crowned William crowned king of England king of England and slowly merges and slowly merges the Norman and the Norman and Saxon culturesSaxon cultures

William of NormandyWilliam of Normandy

William develops William develops system of taxation system of taxation and royal courts and royal courts (Domesday Book)(Domesday Book)

Domesday Book Domesday Book first census taken first census taken since Roman timessince Roman times

King Henry II (1154-1189)King Henry II (1154-1189) Strengthened the English Strengthened the English

Monarchy and expanded Monarchy and expanded royal courts powerroyal courts power

Courts all over the land so Courts all over the land so created a body of created a body of common lawcommon law

Believed he had the right Believed he had the right to punish clergy as wellto punish clergy as well

Archbishop Thomas a Archbishop Thomas a Becket disagreed and was Becket disagreed and was later killed later killed

Death of Becket caused Death of Becket caused public outrage so Henry public outrage so Henry backed offbacked off

Magna Carta 1215Magna Carta 1215 Overtime kings powers kept Overtime kings powers kept

growinggrowing 1215 nobles rebel against 1215 nobles rebel against

King JohnKing John King John forced to sign King John forced to sign

Magna Carta or Great Magna Carta or Great CharterCharter

Magna Carta limits the Magna Carta limits the power of the monarch and power of the monarch and would lead to the creation of would lead to the creation of the English Parliament under the English Parliament under King Edward I (1King Edward I (1stst Rep. Gov. Rep. Gov. in England)in England)

House of Lords and House of House of Lords and House of Commons (taxes/passed Commons (taxes/passed laws)laws)House of lords-nobles/clergy

House of Commons-Knights and peasants

The Byzantine EmpireThe Byzantine Empire

Constantinople Constantinople became a wealthy became a wealthy trading centertrading center

Even though the Even though the people still called people still called themselves themselves Romans this is Romans this is referred to as the referred to as the Byzantine Empire Byzantine Empire (500-1453)(500-1453)

Importance of 1453Importance of 1453

1453 marks the year that the Christian 1453 marks the year that the Christian city of Constantinople fell to the Muslim city of Constantinople fell to the Muslim Turks who renamed it Istanbul.Turks who renamed it Istanbul.

Justinian (527-565)Justinian (527-565) Considered the Considered the

greatest emperor of greatest emperor of the Byzantine Empirethe Byzantine Empire

Expanded territory of Expanded territory of the empire to North the empire to North Africa, Sicily, Italy, Africa, Sicily, Italy, and Southern Spainand Southern Spain

Contributions Contributions included the Church included the Church of Haga Sophia and of Haga Sophia and Justinian’s Law CodeJustinian’s Law Code

                                                            

Justinian’s Law CodeJustinian’s Law Code Reformed and Reformed and

coded all Roman coded all Roman LawLaw

Organized laws and Organized laws and put them in a put them in a unified formunified form

Results in Results in The Body The Body of Civil Lawof Civil Law

Lasts until end of Lasts until end of eastern empire and eastern empire and influences European influences European and American legal and American legal codescodes