the early caliphate caliph – “successor” abu bakr (632-34) umar (634-44) –635: damascus...
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Civil War & Umayyads Ali (656-61) Shi’i & Sunni Mu‘awiya (661-80) Umayyad dynasty ( ) Damascus 711: Conquest of SpainTRANSCRIPT
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The Early Caliphate• Caliph – “Successor”
• Abu Bakr (632-34)
• Umar (634-44)– 635: Damascus– 636: Battle of Yarmuk– 638: Jerusalem & Antioch– 639-46: Egypt
• Uthman (644-56) - assassinated
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Islamic Expansion ca. 656
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Civil War & Umayyads
• Ali (656-61)• Shi’i & Sunni
• Mu‘awiya (661-80)• Umayyad dynasty (661-750)• Damascus
• 711: Conquest of Spain
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Umayyad Caliphate, ca. 732
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Expansion of Islam
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Abbasids
• Baghdad
• Harun al-Rashid (786-809)
• Early 900s - decline
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The Five Pillars of Islam
1. Shahādah 2. Salat (prayer)
– 5 times / day– mu’adhdhin (muezzin)– mosque—masjid; rak‘ah
3. Zakāt (alms)4. Fasting in Ramadān
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Five Pillars (cont.)
5. Hajj• Lesser Hajj – Ka‘ba
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Hajj (cont.)
• al-Safā & al-Marwā • Hagar & Ishmael• Plain of Arafāt
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Hajj (cont.)Minā
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